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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prestigious <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology</span> recently published an interesting article that presents the results of an extensive review of the literature on eruptive melanocytic nevi that develop in association with medication use&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> This type of lesion has historically been associated with severe blistering diseases &#40;epidermolysis bullosa&#44; toxic drug reactions&#44; etc&#46;&#41; and with conditions leading to immunodeficiency &#40;renal transplantation&#44; bone marrow transplantation&#44; malignancy&#44; AIDS&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to differentiate eruptive nevi associated with medications &#40;ENAM&#41; from acquired melanocytic nevi&#44; the authors propose the following criteria&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Development of more than 5 palmoplantar melanocytic nevi at any age&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Development of more than 10 melanocytic nevi bodywide outside of puberty or pregnancy&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Development of more than 20 melanocytic nevi bodywide during puberty or pregnancy&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A diagnosis of ENAM is established when the patient meets 1 or more of these criteria in the last 6 months and there is a temporal relationship with the use of a particular medication&#46; The authors also propose the classification of ENAMs according to the implicated medication &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Using these criteria&#44; the authors identified a total of 66 reported cases of ENAM&#46; Thiopurines&#44; azathioprine&#44; and 6-mercaptopurine were the drugs most frequently associated with ENAM &#40;34&#46;8&#37; of cases&#41;&#46; Cases of ENAM in the last 10 years account for 66&#46;2&#37; of all cases reported in the literature&#44; and 44&#46;2&#37; of these cases are associated with biologic therapies&#46; No differences between sexes were identified and a certain predilection for lighter skin types was found&#46; The lesions appear weeks or months after medication use begins and usually present as 1- to 3-mm light or dark brown macules&#46; Dermoscopically&#44; the lesions are usually characterized by globules arranged symmetrically at the periphery&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Histologically&#44; the lesions appear as compound nevi&#46; ENAMs are more likely than acquired melanocytic nevi to be located on the palms and soles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The pathogenesis of ENAM and the potential risk of development or transformation to melanoma are not completely understood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> It appears logical that immunosuppression could play an important role in the development of ENAM and larger numbers of nevi could be a risk factor for melanoma&#46; However&#44; further research is needed in order to provide more evidence&#46; For now&#44; in patients diagnosed with ENAM&#44; the authors recommend annual follow-up visits and identification of the drug responsible&#46; They also suggest that alternative treatments be considered in patients with a personal or family history of melanoma&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The number of patients on immunosuppressive medications is on the rise and the subgroup receiving biologics is growing&#46; Although ENAM is rare&#44; the incidence of this entity is expected to rise in the coming years&#46; An understanding of this causal relationship will favor early diagnosis&#44; thereby minimizing the degree of uncertainty for both patient and physician and avoiding unnecessary complementary tests&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Types of ENAM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IIa&#46; Nonbiologic chemotherapeutics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Capecitabine&#44; interferon alfa-2b&#44; cyclophosphamide&#44; and octreotide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Vol. 108. Núm. 8.
Páginas 775-776 (octubre 2017)
Vol. 108. Núm. 8.
Páginas 775-776 (octubre 2017)
Residents Forum
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RF - Drug-Induced Eruptive Melanocytic Nevi
FR - Nevus melanocíticos eruptivos asociados a medicamentos
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P. García-Montero
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garciamonteropablo@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, J.F. Millán-Cayetano, C. García-Harana, J. del Boz
Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
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Table 1. Types of Eruptive Nevi Associated With Medication and Drugs Involved.
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The prestigious Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology recently published an interesting article that presents the results of an extensive review of the literature on eruptive melanocytic nevi that develop in association with medication use.1 This type of lesion has historically been associated with severe blistering diseases (epidermolysis bullosa, toxic drug reactions, etc.) and with conditions leading to immunodeficiency (renal transplantation, bone marrow transplantation, malignancy, AIDS, etc.).2

In order to differentiate eruptive nevi associated with medications (ENAM) from acquired melanocytic nevi, the authors propose the following criteria:

  • -

    Development of more than 5 palmoplantar melanocytic nevi at any age.

  • -

    Development of more than 10 melanocytic nevi bodywide outside of puberty or pregnancy.

  • -

    Development of more than 20 melanocytic nevi bodywide during puberty or pregnancy.

A diagnosis of ENAM is established when the patient meets 1 or more of these criteria in the last 6 months and there is a temporal relationship with the use of a particular medication. The authors also propose the classification of ENAMs according to the implicated medication (Table 1).

Table 1.

Types of Eruptive Nevi Associated With Medication and Drugs Involved.

Types of ENAM  Drugs Involved 
Ia. Nonbiologic immunosuppressants  Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, corticosteroids, cyclosporin, and methotrexate 
Ib. Biologic immunosuppressants  Etanercept, alefacept, infliximab, and rituximab 
IIa. Nonbiologic chemotherapeutics  Capecitabine, interferon alfa-2b, cyclophosphamide, and octreotide 
IIb. Biologic chemotherapeutics  Vemurafenib, encorafenib, sorafenib, sunitinib, erlotinib, regorafenib, and rituximab 
III. Melanocyte stimulators  Melanotan I and II and corticotrophin 

Abbreviation: ENAM, eruptive nevi associated with medications.

Using these criteria, the authors identified a total of 66 reported cases of ENAM. Thiopurines, azathioprine, and 6-mercaptopurine were the drugs most frequently associated with ENAM (34.8% of cases). Cases of ENAM in the last 10 years account for 66.2% of all cases reported in the literature, and 44.2% of these cases are associated with biologic therapies. No differences between sexes were identified and a certain predilection for lighter skin types was found. The lesions appear weeks or months after medication use begins and usually present as 1- to 3-mm light or dark brown macules. Dermoscopically, the lesions are usually characterized by globules arranged symmetrically at the periphery.3 Histologically, the lesions appear as compound nevi. ENAMs are more likely than acquired melanocytic nevi to be located on the palms and soles.4

The pathogenesis of ENAM and the potential risk of development or transformation to melanoma are not completely understood.5 It appears logical that immunosuppression could play an important role in the development of ENAM and larger numbers of nevi could be a risk factor for melanoma. However, further research is needed in order to provide more evidence. For now, in patients diagnosed with ENAM, the authors recommend annual follow-up visits and identification of the drug responsible. They also suggest that alternative treatments be considered in patients with a personal or family history of melanoma.

The number of patients on immunosuppressive medications is on the rise and the subgroup receiving biologics is growing. Although ENAM is rare, the incidence of this entity is expected to rise in the coming years. An understanding of this causal relationship will favor early diagnosis, thereby minimizing the degree of uncertainty for both patient and physician and avoiding unnecessary complementary tests.

References
[1]
B.M. Perry, A. Nguyen, B.L. Desmond, C.M. Blattner, R.S. Thomas, R.J. Young.
Eruptive nevi associated with medications (ENAMs).
J Am Acad Dermatol, 75 (2016), pp. 1045-1052
[2]
L. Hueso-Gabriel, L. Mahiques Santos, L. Terrádez Mas, N. Santonja López.
Eruptive dysplastic nevi following melanotan use.
Actas Dermosifiliogr, 103 (2012), pp. 329-331
[3]
A. Belloni Fortina, S. Piaserico, E. Zattra, M. Alaibac.
Dermoscopic features of eruptive melanocytic naevi in an adult patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy for Crohn's disease.
Melanoma Res, 15 (2005), pp. 223-224
[4]
E. Zattra, A.B. Fortina, M. Bordignon, S. Piaserico, M. Alaibac.
Immunosuppression and melanocyte proliferation.
Melanoma Res, 19 (2009), pp. 63-68
[5]
J. Woodhouse, E.V. Maytin.
Eruptive nevi of the palms and soles.
J Am Acad Dermatol, 52 (2005), pp. S96-S100

Please cite this article as: García-Montero P, Millán-Cayetano JF, García-Harana C, del Boz J. FR - Nevus melanocíticos eruptivos asociados a medicamentos. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2017;108:775–776.

Copyright © 2017. Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV
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