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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Plantar warts are caused by infection with human papillomavirus &#40;HPV&#41; types 1&#44; 2&#44; 4&#44; or 57&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> Their treatment can be difficult when the lesion is located in a callused site subjected to significant pressure or when several warts are grouped together&#46; Conventional treatments&#44; which are usually destructive&#44; cause pain and are not always effective&#46; Therapy that does not result in scarring&#44; which can remain painful for years&#44; is recommended for plantar warts&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Imiquimod 5&#37; cream is approved for the treatment of genital warts and has also been used successfully on viral warts in other sites&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;4</span></a> Moreover&#44; there is scientific evidence supporting its efficacy and safety in the eradication of recalcitrant plantar warts without local adverse effects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3&#44;5&#8211;7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the clinical characteristics of 5 patients who had painful plantar warts that made walking difficult&#46; In 4 cases the warts had been resistant to other treatment&#44; but they all responded very positively to imiquimod 5&#37; cream &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1 and 2</a>&#41;&#46; In all cases&#44; imiquimod was applied at night&#44; without occlusion&#44; 3 times a week&#44; until the lesions disappeared&#46; On days when imiquimod was not administered&#44; petrolatum with 17&#37; salicylic acid was applied&#46; The hyperkeratosis associated with warts located in pressure zones was removed mechanically with a scalpel every 2 weeks &#40;cases 2 and 3&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Imiquimod &#40;1-&#91;2methypropyl&#93;-1 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span>-imidazole &#91;4&#44;5c&#93;quinolin-4amine&#41; is an immune response modifier with antiviral and antitumor activity mediated by the induction of helper T &#40;T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">h</span>&#41; 1 cytokines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> The exact mechanism of action remains unclear&#44; but activation of the immune system is thought to be responsible for eradicating the virus and curing the warts&#46; This mechanism of action is highly advantageous in the treatment of viral plantar warts&#44; compared with the more destructive traditional methods&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Also recommended is the concomitant use of therapies&#44; such as the application of salicylic petrolatum&#44; cryotherapy&#44; and peeling to eliminate the stratum corneum and facilitate drug absorption in these areas of more keratinized skin&#46; The cream can also be applied under occlusion&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Imiquimod therapy is less traumatic than ablative treatments&#44; which often involve local tissue destruction and pain&#44; and any local inflammatory reactions tend to be mild and transitory&#46; As no adverse local or general reactions were reported in the cases reviewed in the literature or those presented in this study&#44; imiquimod is well tolerated and therefore highly recommendable&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Imiquimod also stimulates immunological memory for HPV and&#44; as a result&#44; wart recurrence after treatment with this drug may be lower than with other therapies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Moreover&#44; the cream can be applied by the patient at home&#44; thus saving on time and repeated hospital visits&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Imiquimod has been successfully used to treat plantar warts in different regimens&#58; daily application&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> on alternate days&#44; 3 times a week&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> with or without occlusion&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5</span></a> However&#44; no single therapy has proven to be better than another&#46; Nevertheless&#44; all authors recommend combining imiquimod with keratolytic agents for plantar warts and mechanical removal of the stratum corneum in the case of warts associated with calluses and located on pressure points&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Topical imiquimod is not the first-line treatment for plantar warts but can be surprisingly useful for extensive groups of warts&#44; as in patients 1 and 5&#46; It can also produce a beneficial synergistic effect when associated with previously inefficient procedures&#44; as occurred in patients 2 and 3&#46; The results obtained in these 5 patients provide clinical evidence of the therapeutic efficacy of imiquimod 5&#37; cream in the treatment of recalcitrant plantar warts as reported by other authors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2&#44;5&#8211;7</span></a> Patient tolerance and satisfaction were very high&#44; and product efficacy was excellent&#44; each patient only needing one box of imiquimod 5&#37; cream and 2 or 3 hospital visits to solve a problem that had developed over many years and had resulted in very high direct and indirect costs&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient 4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient 5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age&#44; y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Time since onset&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2-3 y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Location&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Right heel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Left sole&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Right sole&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4th left toe&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Right anterior third&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Symptoms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clinical Type&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grouped&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Callus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Callus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fissure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grouped&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ineffective prior treatments&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CryotherapyKeratolyticsInjections&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CryotherapyKeratolytics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CryotherapyKeratolytics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cryotherapy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Regimen used&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Imiquimod 5&#37;PET-17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CurettageImiquimod 5&#37;PET-17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CurettageImiquimod 5&#37;PET-17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Imiquimod 5&#37;PET-17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Imiquimod 5&#37;PET-17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cure &#40;weeks&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adverse effects&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Recurrence at6 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab367513.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical Data for 5 Patients&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anecdotal reports of 3 cases illustrating a spectrum of resistant common warts treated with cryotherapy followed by topical imiquimod and salicylic acid"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "T&#46;S&#46; Housman"
                            1 => "J&#46;L&#46; Jorizzo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S217"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S220"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12271281"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Treatment of recalcitrant plantar warts with imiquimod"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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Vol. 104. Núm. 7.
Páginas 640-642 (septiembre 2013)
Vol. 104. Núm. 7.
Páginas 640-642 (septiembre 2013)
Case and research letter
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Five Cases of Recalcitrant Plantar Warts Successfully Treated with Imiquimod 5% Cream
Tratamiento eficiente de 5 casos de verrugas plantares recalcitrantes con imiquimod 5%
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M.T. López-Giménez
Unidad de Dermatología, Hospital de Barbastro, Huesca, Spain
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Table 1. Clinical Data for 5 Patients.
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To the Editor:

Plantar warts are caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 1, 2, 4, or 57.1–3 Their treatment can be difficult when the lesion is located in a callused site subjected to significant pressure or when several warts are grouped together. Conventional treatments, which are usually destructive, cause pain and are not always effective. Therapy that does not result in scarring, which can remain painful for years, is recommended for plantar warts.

Imiquimod 5% cream is approved for the treatment of genital warts and has also been used successfully on viral warts in other sites.1,3,4 Moreover, there is scientific evidence supporting its efficacy and safety in the eradication of recalcitrant plantar warts without local adverse effects.1–3,5–7

Table 1 shows the clinical characteristics of 5 patients who had painful plantar warts that made walking difficult. In 4 cases the warts had been resistant to other treatment, but they all responded very positively to imiquimod 5% cream (Figs. 1 and 2). In all cases, imiquimod was applied at night, without occlusion, 3 times a week, until the lesions disappeared. On days when imiquimod was not administered, petrolatum with 17% salicylic acid was applied. The hyperkeratosis associated with warts located in pressure zones was removed mechanically with a scalpel every 2 weeks (cases 2 and 3).

Table 1.

Clinical Data for 5 Patients.

Clinical Data  Patient 1  Patient 2  Patient 3  Patient 4  Patient 5 
Age, y  48  25  39  25  17 
Sex  Female  Female  Female  Male  Female 
Time since onset  2 y  2-3 y  18 m  2 m  5 m 
Location  Right heel  Left sole  Right sole  4th left toe  Right anterior third 
Symptoms  Pain  Pain  Pain  Pain  Pain 
Clinical Type  Grouped  Callus  Callus  Fissure  Grouped 
Ineffective prior treatments  CryotherapyKeratolyticsInjections  CryotherapyKeratolytics  CryotherapyKeratolytics  No treatment  Cryotherapy 
Regimen used  Imiquimod 5%PET-17  CurettageImiquimod 5%PET-17  CurettageImiquimod 5%PET-17  Imiquimod 5%PET-17  Imiquimod 5%PET-17 
Cure (weeks) 
Adverse effects  No  No  No  No  No 
Recurrence at6 months  No  No  No  No  No 

PET-17 Petrolatum with 17% salicylic acid.

Figure 1.

A, Patient 1. Group of viral warts on the right heel. B, Patient 1. 8 weeks after treatment.

(0.31MB).
Figure 2.

A, Patient 2. Very painful wart located on the left arch. B. Patient 2. 10 weeks after treatment.

(0.26MB).

Imiquimod (1-[2methypropyl]-1 H-imidazole [4,5c]quinolin-4amine) is an immune response modifier with antiviral and antitumor activity mediated by the induction of helper T (Th) 1 cytokines.8,9 The exact mechanism of action remains unclear, but activation of the immune system is thought to be responsible for eradicating the virus and curing the warts. This mechanism of action is highly advantageous in the treatment of viral plantar warts, compared with the more destructive traditional methods.10 Also recommended is the concomitant use of therapies, such as the application of salicylic petrolatum, cryotherapy, and peeling to eliminate the stratum corneum and facilitate drug absorption in these areas of more keratinized skin. The cream can also be applied under occlusion.1–3,6

Imiquimod therapy is less traumatic than ablative treatments, which often involve local tissue destruction and pain, and any local inflammatory reactions tend to be mild and transitory. As no adverse local or general reactions were reported in the cases reviewed in the literature or those presented in this study, imiquimod is well tolerated and therefore highly recommendable.

Imiquimod also stimulates immunological memory for HPV and, as a result, wart recurrence after treatment with this drug may be lower than with other therapies.9 Moreover, the cream can be applied by the patient at home, thus saving on time and repeated hospital visits.

Imiquimod has been successfully used to treat plantar warts in different regimens: daily application,1 on alternate days, 3 times a week,2 with or without occlusion.3,5 However, no single therapy has proven to be better than another. Nevertheless, all authors recommend combining imiquimod with keratolytic agents for plantar warts and mechanical removal of the stratum corneum in the case of warts associated with calluses and located on pressure points.1–3,6

Topical imiquimod is not the first-line treatment for plantar warts but can be surprisingly useful for extensive groups of warts, as in patients 1 and 5. It can also produce a beneficial synergistic effect when associated with previously inefficient procedures, as occurred in patients 2 and 3. The results obtained in these 5 patients provide clinical evidence of the therapeutic efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of recalcitrant plantar warts as reported by other authors.1,2,5–7 Patient tolerance and satisfaction were very high, and product efficacy was excellent, each patient only needing one box of imiquimod 5% cream and 2 or 3 hospital visits to solve a problem that had developed over many years and had resulted in very high direct and indirect costs.

References
[1]
T.S. Housman, J.L. Jorizzo.
Anecdotal reports of 3 cases illustrating a spectrum of resistant common warts treated with cryotherapy followed by topical imiquimod and salicylic acid.
J Am Acad Dermatol, 47 (2002), pp. S217-S220
[2]
P.D. Yesudian, R.A.G. Parslew.
Treatment of recalcitrant plantar warts with imiquimod.
J Dermatol Treat, 13 (2002), pp. 31-33
[3]
G. Muzzio, C. Massone, A. Rebora.
Treatment of non-genital warts with topical imiquimod 5% cream.
Eur J Dermatol, 12 (2002), pp. 347-349
[4]
N. Al-Mutairi, A. Al-Doukhi, S. Al-Farag, A. Al-Haddad.
Comparative study on the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of imiquimod 5% cream versus cryotherapy for molluscum contagiosum in children.
Pediatr Dermatol, 27 (2010), pp. 388-394
[5]
J.D. Sparing, S.R. Checketts, M.S. Chapman.
Imiquimod for plantar and periungual warts.
Cutis, 68 (2001), pp. 397-399
[6]
M. Zamiri, G. Gupta.
Plantar wartstreated with an immune response modifier: a report of two cases.
Clini Exp Dermatol, 28 (2003), pp. 45-47
[7]
S.B. Tucker, A. Ali, B.L. Ransdell Ba.
Plantar wart treatment with combination imiquimod and salicylic acid pads.
J Drugs Dermatol, 2 (2003), pp. 124-126
[8]
R. Miller, W. Birmacho, J. Gerster, S. Gibson, L. Imbertson, M. Reiter, et al.
Imiquimod: cytokine induction and antiviral activity.
Int Antiviral News, 3 (1995), pp. 111-113
[9]
E. Weisshaar, H. Gollnick.
Potentiating effect of imiquimod in the treatment of verrucae vulgares in immunocompromised patients.
Acta Derm Venereol, 80 (2000), pp. 306-307
[10]
J.W. Choi, S. Cho, J.H. Lee.
Does immunotherapy of viral warts provide beneficial effects when it is combined with conventional therapy?.
Ann Dermatol, 23 (2011), pp. 282-287

Please cite this article as: López-Giménez MT. Tratamiento eficiente de 5 casos de verrugas plantares recalcitrantes con imiquimod 5%. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2013;104:640–2.

Copyright © 2012. Elsevier España, S.L. and AEDV
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