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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is strong evidence that psoriasis is associated with several cardiometabolic comorbidities&#44; and that patients with psoriasis are at a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> Understanding this is of crucial importance&#44; not only for physicians but also for patients&#44; as it can impact prognosis and patient quality of life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It has been shown that few patients with moderate to severe psoriasis are aware of their increased risk of atherothrombotic disease and metabolic syndrome&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Educational sessions are a recognized tool for informing and helping patients to understand the nature and course of their disease and the different treatments available&#44; and can also help them to develop coping strategies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed an observational study to evaluate the impact of an educational session designed to promote knowledge among patients with psoriasis about their disease&#44; lifestyle changes&#44; and management of cardiometabolic comorbidities&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The educational session was held in the psoriasis unit of a Portuguese tertiary hospital&#46; Briefly&#44; it consisted of several oral presentations &#40;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min each&#41; explaining the nature of psoriasis&#44; introducing the various treatment options&#44; exploring the association between psoriasis and cardiometabolic comorbidities&#47;cardiovascular disease&#44; and underlining the importance of monitoring and treating these&#46; A questionnaire was created for the patients to complete before&#44; immediately after&#44; and 6 months after the session&#46; The questionnaire included demographic information&#44; questions regarding the association between psoriasis and cardiometabolic comorbidities&#47;cardiovascular disease&#44; and assessment of lifestyle and comorbidity management&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seventy patients participated in the session and 53 completed all 3 questionnaires correctly&#46; The demographic data&#44; characteristics of disease&#44; and treatments received are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Regarding cardiometabolic comorbidities&#44; 35&#46;8&#37;&#44; 13&#46;2&#37;&#44; and 35&#46;8&#37; of patients had a respective diagnosis of hypertension&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; and dyslipidemia&#59; 20&#46;8&#37; were obese &#40;body mass index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&#41;&#59; and 18&#46;9&#37; were active smokers &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The McNemar test was used to assess significant improvements in knowledge between the different time points&#46; A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> value of less than or equal to &#46;05 was considered statistically significant&#46; A significant increase was observed in the percentage of correctly answered questions about the association between psoriasis and cardiometabolic comorbidities&#47;cardiovascular disease on comparing the answers before and immediately after the session and before the session and 6 months later &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; When logistic regression models adjusting for age&#44; sex&#44; and level of education were applied&#44; the results were not altered&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Six months after the session&#44; 60&#46;4&#37; of respondents stated that they had started to exercise or had increased their level of physical activity&#59; 49&#46;1&#37; stated that they had lost weight &#40;mean loss&#44; 2&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#59; maximum loss&#44; 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#59; minimum loss&#44; 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#41;&#59; and 50&#37; stated that they had cut down on smoking&#44; although none had quit&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After the session&#44; over 90&#37; of the participants stated that they were willing to consult their general practitioner to screen for cardiometabolic comorbidities or monitor those already diagnosed&#46; This attitude led to newly diagnosed comorbidities &#40;7 cases of dyslipidemia&#44; 2 cases of hypertension&#44; and 2 cases of diabetes mellitus&#41; and therapeutic adjustments &#40;in 4 cases of hypertension&#44; 4 cases of dyslipidemia&#44; and 1 case of diabetes mellitus&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our results show that an educational session held with patients with psoriasis had a real impact on their health&#44; leading to lifestyle changes &#40;physical activity&#44; weight loss&#44; reduction of smoking&#41;&#44; increased awareness of their disease and associated comorbidities&#44; and new diagnoses of cardiovascular risk factors or therapeutic adjustments&#46; Repeated educational sessions with the same group of patients might further improve these positive results&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some limitations of this study must&#44; however&#44; be mentioned&#44; mainly the limited number of participants and a potential response bias&#44; either intentional or due to comprehension factors&#44; associated with self-reported surveys&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In brief&#44; this educational intervention proved to be a useful tool that had significant repercussions on patients&#8217; 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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41; of patients</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;9 &#40;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Level of education&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41; of patients</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No studies&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;9 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Basic education &#40;4th grade&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&#46;7 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Basic education &#40;9th grade&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Full secondary education&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;6 &#40;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Third-level education&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;8 &#40;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Body mass index&#44; mean &#40;SD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;7 &#40;4&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comorbidities&#47;history</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&#46;8 &#40;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dyslipidemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&#46;8 &#40;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes mellitus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;2 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;8 &#40;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Smoking&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;9 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Family history of cardiovascular disease</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;1 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Family history of psoriasis&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41; of patients</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49&#46;1 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Disease duration&#44; mean &#40;SD&#41;&#44; y</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#46;6 &#40;13&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Psoriatic arthritis&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41; of patients</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60&#46;4 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Current treatment&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41; of patients</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;9 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Topical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;9 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Phototherapy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;5 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Systemic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;4 &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Biologic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39&#46;6 &#40;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Biologic<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>systemic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;7 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of 53 patients who completed full questionnaires before and after a psoriasis education session&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Before session&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Immediately after session&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dyslipidemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">47&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diabetes mellitus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">75&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Obesity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">92&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Acute myocardial infarction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">92&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">79&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Stroke&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Results shown as the percentage of questionnaire respondents who were aware of the association between psoriasis and the comorbidities shown&#46;</p>"
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Improvement immediately after the session&#46;</p>"
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0015"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Maintenance of improvement 6 months after the session &#40;McNemar test&#41;&#46;</p>"
            ]
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        ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Improvements in awareness of association between psoriasis and cardiometabolic comorbidities&#47;cardiovascular disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:7 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Meta-analysis of psoriasis&#44; cardiovascular disease&#44; and associated risk factors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "I&#46;M&#46; Miller"
                            1 => "C&#46; Ellervik"
                            2 => "S&#46; Yazdanyar"
                            3 => "G&#46;B&#46; Jemec"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaad.2013.06.053"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "69"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1014"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1024"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24238156"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation&#58; the risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with psoriasis and the potential impact of current therapies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Hugh"
                            1 => "A&#46;S&#46; Van Voorhees"
                            2 => "R&#46;I&#46; Nijhawan"
                            3 => "J&#46; Bagel"
                            4 => "M&#46; Lebwohl"
                            5 => "A&#46; Blauvelt"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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Vol. 107. Núm. 6.
Páginas 539-541 (julio - agosto 2016)
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Vol. 107. Núm. 6.
Páginas 539-541 (julio - agosto 2016)
Case and Research Letter
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Importance of educational sessions on cardiometabolic comorbidities. Awareness among psoriasis patients
Importancia de las sesiones educativas sobre comorbilidades cardiometabólicas. Conciencia entre los pacientes con psoriasis
Visitas
4439
F. Motaa,
Autor para correspondencia
fernandojrmota@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, M. Seloresa,b,c, T. Torresa,b,c
a Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal
b Dermatology Research Unit, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal
c Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
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Tablas (2)
Table 1. Characteristics of 53 patients who completed full questionnaires before and after a psoriasis education session.
Table 2. Improvements in awareness of association between psoriasis and cardiometabolic comorbidities/cardiovascular disease.a
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Dear Editor:

There is strong evidence that psoriasis is associated with several cardiometabolic comorbidities, and that patients with psoriasis are at a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1–3 Understanding this is of crucial importance, not only for physicians but also for patients, as it can impact prognosis and patient quality of life.4

It has been shown that few patients with moderate to severe psoriasis are aware of their increased risk of atherothrombotic disease and metabolic syndrome.5 Educational sessions are a recognized tool for informing and helping patients to understand the nature and course of their disease and the different treatments available, and can also help them to develop coping strategies.6,7

We performed an observational study to evaluate the impact of an educational session designed to promote knowledge among patients with psoriasis about their disease, lifestyle changes, and management of cardiometabolic comorbidities.

The educational session was held in the psoriasis unit of a Portuguese tertiary hospital. Briefly, it consisted of several oral presentations (30min each) explaining the nature of psoriasis, introducing the various treatment options, exploring the association between psoriasis and cardiometabolic comorbidities/cardiovascular disease, and underlining the importance of monitoring and treating these. A questionnaire was created for the patients to complete before, immediately after, and 6 months after the session. The questionnaire included demographic information, questions regarding the association between psoriasis and cardiometabolic comorbidities/cardiovascular disease, and assessment of lifestyle and comorbidity management.

Seventy patients participated in the session and 53 completed all 3 questionnaires correctly. The demographic data, characteristics of disease, and treatments received are presented in Table 1. Regarding cardiometabolic comorbidities, 35.8%, 13.2%, and 35.8% of patients had a respective diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia; 20.8% were obese (body mass index>30); and 18.9% were active smokers (Table 1).

Table 1.

Characteristics of 53 patients who completed full questionnaires before and after a psoriasis education session.

Characteristics   
Age, mean (SD), y  51.3 (11.2) 
Sex, No. (%) of patients
Male  50.9 (27) 
Level of education, No. (%) of patients
No studies  1.9 (1) 
Basic education (4th grade)  37.7 (20) 
Basic education (9th grade)  17 (9) 
Full secondary education  22.6 (12) 
Third-level education  20.8 (11) 
Body mass index, mean (SD)  26.7 (4.4) 
Comorbidities/history
Hypertension  35.8 (19) 
Dyslipidemia  35.8 (19) 
Diabetes mellitus  13.2 (7) 
Obesity  20.8 (11) 
Smoking  18.9 (10) 
Family history of cardiovascular disease  15.1 (8) 
Family history of psoriasis, No. (%) of patients  49.1 (26) 
Disease duration, mean (SD), y  24.6 (13.2) 
Psoriatic arthritis, No. (%) of patients  60.4 (32) 
Current treatment, No. (%) of patients
None  1.9 (1) 
Topical  18.9 (10) 
Phototherapy  7.5 (4) 
Systemic  26.4 (14) 
Biologic  39.6 (21) 
Biologic+systemic  5.7 (3) 

The McNemar test was used to assess significant improvements in knowledge between the different time points. A P value of less than or equal to .05 was considered statistically significant. A significant increase was observed in the percentage of correctly answered questions about the association between psoriasis and cardiometabolic comorbidities/cardiovascular disease on comparing the answers before and immediately after the session and before the session and 6 months later (Table 2). When logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, and level of education were applied, the results were not altered.

Table 2.

Improvements in awareness of association between psoriasis and cardiometabolic comorbidities/cardiovascular disease.a

  Before session  Immediately after session  Pb  6 Months after session  Pc 
Hypertension  50.9  98.1  <.001  84.9  <.001 
Dyslipidemia  47.2  98.1  <.001  81.1  <.001 
Diabetes mellitus  39.6  94.3  <.001  75.5  <.001 
Obesity  39.6  92.5  <.001  66  .004 
Acute myocardial infarction  32.1  92.5  <.001  79.2  <.001 
Stroke  30.2  88.7  <.001  73.6  <.001 
a

Results shown as the percentage of questionnaire respondents who were aware of the association between psoriasis and the comorbidities shown.

b

Improvement immediately after the session.

c

Maintenance of improvement 6 months after the session (McNemar test).

Six months after the session, 60.4% of respondents stated that they had started to exercise or had increased their level of physical activity; 49.1% stated that they had lost weight (mean loss, 2.3kg; maximum loss, 7kg; minimum loss, 1kg); and 50% stated that they had cut down on smoking, although none had quit.

After the session, over 90% of the participants stated that they were willing to consult their general practitioner to screen for cardiometabolic comorbidities or monitor those already diagnosed. This attitude led to newly diagnosed comorbidities (7 cases of dyslipidemia, 2 cases of hypertension, and 2 cases of diabetes mellitus) and therapeutic adjustments (in 4 cases of hypertension, 4 cases of dyslipidemia, and 1 case of diabetes mellitus).

Our results show that an educational session held with patients with psoriasis had a real impact on their health, leading to lifestyle changes (physical activity, weight loss, reduction of smoking), increased awareness of their disease and associated comorbidities, and new diagnoses of cardiovascular risk factors or therapeutic adjustments. Repeated educational sessions with the same group of patients might further improve these positive results.

Some limitations of this study must, however, be mentioned, mainly the limited number of participants and a potential response bias, either intentional or due to comprehension factors, associated with self-reported surveys.

In brief, this educational intervention proved to be a useful tool that had significant repercussions on patients’ health, life, and ability to cope with the disease, and it should therefore be repeated with a larger number of patients.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References
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Cardiometabolic comorbidities and the approach to patients with psoriasis.
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Patients with psoriasis have insufficient knowledge of their risk of atherothrombotic disease and metabolic syndrome.
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Impact of patient education and self-management on morbidity in asthmatics and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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