Información de la revista
Vol. 111. Núm. 10.
Páginas 852-860 (diciembre 2020)
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5897
Vol. 111. Núm. 10.
Páginas 852-860 (diciembre 2020)
Original Article
Open Access
Attendee Survey and Practical Appraisal of a Telegram®-Based Dermatology Congress During the COVID-19 Confinement
Congreso virtual de dermatología realizado a través de Telegram® durante el confinamiento de la COVID-19: organización y evaluación
Visitas
5897
A. Martin-Gorgojoa,
Autor para correspondencia
alejandromartingorgojo@aedv.es

Corresponding author.
, J. Bernabeu-Wittelb, M. Linares-Barriosc, F. Russo-de la Torred, I. Garcia-Dovale, E. del Rio-de la Torref
a Servicio de ITS/Dermatología, Sección de Especialidades Médicas, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla, Spain
c Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
d Consulta de Dermatología, Algeciras (Cádiz), Spain
e Servicio de Dermatología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
f Clínica Dermalar, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Tablas (4)
Table 1. Items of the survey (translated from the original questionnaire in Spanish).
Table 2. Meeting programme.
Table 3. Demographics and professional practice of the survey participants. Characteristics of the attendance to the meeting and the general online forum.
Table 4. Opinion and future perspectives of the attendees
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Abstract
Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak introduced dramatic changes in all our lives, daily practice, and medical conferences. In search of a tool to spread dermatologic knowledge during confinement, an online medical meeting was held on April 25th to 26th, 2020. In this study, we aimed to assess the characteristics, opinion and satisfaction of the attendees to a free-of-charge online congress. Secondarily, we intended to explain how this meeting was prepared.

Material and Methods

Online survey administered to the attendees to an online congress organised via the Telegram® Messenger App. Its organisation and planning, which needed no financial support and was done by volunteer organisers, moderators and speakers, is described step by step.

Results

The satisfaction of both speakers and attendees was very high. All participants considered that this format had a great present and future, and most of them rated it as superior to regular face-to-face meetings. Female gender and predominantly private practice favoured this opinion.

Discussion

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the cancellation of most scientific gatherings. This has been seen by some authors as an excellent opportunity, encouraging medical societies and organisations to lead the change to virtual meetings. Although confinement did not allow real contact, our online meeting showed it was possible to ensure interaction and participation between attendees, moderators and speakers. Dermatologists enjoyed some dermatologic science, even despite the extraordinary circumstances disrupting their daily clinical practice. Most of them felt they were participating in something new and compelling that many felt superior to traditional meetings.

Keywords:
Congresses as topic
Online social networking
Distance education
Internet-based intervention
Disruptive technology
Diffusion of innovation
Resumen
Introducción

La pandemia de COVID-19 introdujo cambios dramáticos en nuestras vidas. Tratando de encontrar una herramienta adecuada para la formación y el debate dermatológico durante el confinamiento, se celebró un congreso médico “on-line” realizado entre los días 25 y 26 de abril del 2020. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las características, la opinión y el grado de satisfacción de los asistentes a dicho congreso. En segundo lugar, se buscó explicar cómo se organizó este formato de reunión.

Material y métodos

Se entregó un cuestionario a los asistentes a un congreso “on-line” realizado a través de la aplicación Telegram® Messenger App. Se describió paso a paso su organización y planificación. No se necesitó apoyo financiero ya que fue realizado de manera voluntaria.

Resultados

El grado de satisfacción tanto de los ponentes como la de los asistentes fue muy elevada. Todos los participantes consideraron que este formato tenía un gran presente y futuro. La mayoría lo calificó como superior a las reuniones presenciales tradicionales. El ser de género femenino y tener una práctica clínica predominantemente privada favorecieron esta opinión.

Discusión

La pandemia obligó a cancelar la mayoría de las reuniones científicas presenciales. Esto fue visto por algunos autores como una excelente oportunidad para mejorar y liderar el cambio a las reuniones virtuales. Aunque el confinamiento no permitió un contacto real, nuestra reunión demostró que era posible asegurar la interacción entre los participantes. Los dermatólogos pudieron participar en una actividad formativa a pesar de que debido a las circunstancias se interrumpiera su actividad práctica diaria. La mayoría de los asistentes tuvieron la sensación de que esta era en una actividad nueva y atractiva, que superaba incluso a las reuniones presenciales tradicionales.

Palabras clave:
Congresos como tema
Redes sociales en línea
Educación a distancia
Intervención basada en Internet
Tecnología disruptiva
Difusión de la innovación
Texto completo
Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak introduced dramatic changes in all our lives, daily practice, and medical conferences. Dermatology meetings were delayed or cancelled. Most medical centres and dermatologists focused on teledermatology1, urgent care or joined the workforce that was needed to attend SARS-CoV-2-affected patients. In search of a tool to spread dermatologic knowledge during confinement, share experiences in this dystopian time, and instil positive energy to our colleague dermatologists, an online medical meeting was held on April 25th to 26th, 2020.

In this study, we aimed to assess the characteristics, opinion and satisfaction of the attendees to a free-of-charge (both for organisation and attendees) online congress. Secondarily, we intended to explain how this meeting was prepared.

Materials and Methods

An online survey (using Google® Drive forms online tool) was administered to the attendees to an online congress that took place between April 25th to 26th, 2020. The items of this questionnaire (Table 1) were prepared right after the meeting, were ready by April 28th, and the results were collected from April 28th to 30th. The differences between the distributions of each variable were evaluated using Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Statistical significance was established for p-value <0.05. All the statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package for Windows, version 20.0.

Table 1.

Items of the survey (translated from the original questionnaire in Spanish).

Demographics and professional affiliation data 
- Age (in years) 
- Sex 
- Country in which you work 
- In what type of municipality do you carry out most of your work? 
a) Very large city of more than 1 million inhabitants 
b) City of between 300,000 and 1 million inhabitants 
c) City of between 100,000 and 300,000 inhabitants 
d) City of between 20,000 and 100,000 inhabitants 
e) Municipality of less than 20,000 inhabitants 
- Do you currently carry out health care activity? 
a) Yes 
b) No, I’m retired 
c) No, just research and/or teaching 
d) No, I work in the pharmaceutical industry 
- If you answered yes to the previous question, how would you describe your usual health care activity? 
a) I carry it out only in a private setting 
b) Private mainly, public in smaller measure 
c) Public primarily, private in smaller measure 
d) Public only 
- If you do private practice, at what kind of private practice do you work? (Check the option that is most representative of your activity) 
a) Own / another dermatologist’s clinic (up to 4 doctors in the team) 
b) Own / another dermatologist’s clinic (>4 doctors) 
c) Medical Center, Polyclinic of various specialities 
d) Large private hospital/clinic 
e) I don’t do private assistance 
- If you’re on public assistance, at what kind of centre do you work? (Mark the option that is most representative of your activity) 
a) Tertiary hospital 
b) County Hospital 
c) Speciality Center 
d) Monographic hospital (for example, cancer hospital) 
e) Monographic centre (for example, STI centre) 
f) I don’t carry out public assistance 
- When did you join Dermachat? 
a) I joined for the congress 
b) Less than one year ago 
c) More than one year ago 
Attendance to the Congress 
- Where have you followed the conference? (You can choose more than one option if you have done so in a combination of the following) 
a) On a mobile phone 
b) On a tablet 
c) On a laptop 
d) On a desktop computer 
e) Other (any other compatible device) 
- Do you think that this format of congress has a future even without the extraordinary situation of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic? 
a) Yes, as a substitute for the traditional congresses 
b) Yes, coexisting with face-to-face congresses 
c) No. If there hadn’t been confinement, I would not have attended to the congress 
- If you have answered yes to the previous question, how do you consider the interest and quality of this congress format with respect to the traditional face-to-face ones? 
1) Inferior 
2) Equivalent 
3) Superior 
Opinion and future perspectives 
- Scoring from 1 to 10, what overall impression did you get of the congress? 
- Scoring from 1 to 10, what is your assessment of the fact that attendance at the congress was free of charge? 
- Scoring from 1 to 10, how do you rate the speakers globally? 
- In this congress, it has been the speakers themselves, volunteers, who have chosen the topics. Do you think that the variety of contents has been adequate? 
a) Yes, it’s been enough 
b) Yes, although I have missed some areas of our speciality 
c) No, there are many areas of our speciality that have not been sufficiently covered 
- Scoring from 1 to 10, evaluate the moderators in general (adjustment to talk times, discussion of questions…) 
- Have you identified any bias or conflict of interest in any of the presentations? 
Yes / No 
- Do you think the industry could be enriched and would have something to contribute to this format? 
a) Yes, very much so. 
b) Yes, a little. 
c) No, nothing. 
- If you answered yes to the above question, what content did you miss? (You can check more than one answer.) 
a) Symposiums 
b) Commercial exhibition/stands 
c) Interactions with the commercial visitors 
d) Other initiatives 
- You may reflect below any comments, criticisms or suggestions for improvement for future editions that you consider appropriate 

The organisation of the II Dermachat Congress (Fig. 1) is depicted in the following paragraphs. It was the second edition (a first meeting was held on the September 14th, 2019, using the same system)2.

Figure 1.

Congress logo.

(0.1MB).

The free tool that was chosen to broadcast the meeting was the Telegram® Messenger App (instead of using the new emerging platforms and apps for virtual meetings, such as Zoom® GoToMeeting®, Microsoft Teams®, etc.). The reason of choosing this platform was the previous existence of an ongoing professional Spanish Dermatology chat (Dermachat), active in Telegram since 2014. Dermachat is composed mainly by Spanish dermatologists and some European and Latin-American colleagues. It is free, with no financial support, and open to any dermatologist under some basic rules. These rules are easy: It is a friendly professional environment in which only Dermatology-related topics can be discussed (difficult cases, interesting clinical findings, surgical advice, etc.) and General Data Protection Regulation and ethical consideration of Lex Artis must be observed. As of April 15th, 2020, there were 500 dermatologist members. Following the invitation to attend the meeting, many colleagues joined the chat that nearly reached one thousand members by April 25th, 2020.

Six weeks before the date of the meeting, an announcement was made in Dermachat asking for volunteers to act as speakers, choosing a topic of their expertise. Thirty-eight women and men attended this announcement. A taskforce chat was created in the same App to serve as the meeting’s organising committee.

Speakers recorded a video presentation with a maximum duration of 10 minutes (in .mp4, .m4v or .mov formats, and with a maximum size of 100 megabytes per file). Topics included many Dermatology & Venereology expertise areas (Table 2). All the 37 presentations were in Spanish, but four of them were also programmed in English and one in Portuguese (Fig. 2). These were uploaded in advance and were programmed to be sent at a scheduled time using a Telegram tool. Therefore, videos were automatically downloaded to smartphones, laptops, tablets or even smart TV screens according to programme. The active presence of the authors at the chat was not even essential during their presentations.

Table 2.

Meeting programme.

II Dermachat Congress Final Programme 
1st day: Saturday, April 25th, 2020 
8.30 Pre-congress animation. 
9:30 Greeting from the President of the Meeting, Mario Linares. 
9.35 Address from the Secretary of the Meeting Francisco Russo. 
FIRST TABLE (Moderator: Mario Linares) 
9.40 Ignacio García Doval. COVID-19, have we met before? 
9.52 Antonio Tejera. Estimation of the effect of quarantine on the prognosis of skin cancer. (Spanish & English versions). 
10.04 Onofre Sanmartín: Which epidermoid carcinoma needs more attention? In search of the real high-risk epidermoid carcinoma. 
10.16 Óscar Muñoz Moreno-Arrones. Immunotherapy for dummies; what any dermatologist should know. 
10.28 Iván Cervigón. Old drugs still in the spotlight. 
10.40 Antonio Macaya. What is the use of campaigns to prevent sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy? 
10.52 Alicia Comunión/Alejandro Martin-Gorgojo. STI screening in people with penis and people with vulva. 
11.06 Almudena Monteagudo. Teledermatology from home. What can you give me? 
11.20 Coffee break. Amenization. 
SECOND TABLE (Moderator: Elena Vargas) 
12.00 Ángel Fernández-Flores. What can the stratum corneum of the biopsy tell the dermatologist (Spanish & English versions). 
12.21 Mar Llamas. Neutrophilic panniculitis. 
12.32 José Ignacio Galvañ. Practical management of ulcers (Spanish & English versions). 
12.55 Álvaro González-Cantero. Psoriasis and comorbidities: industry or reality? Role of the dermatologist. 
13.09 Rosa Taberner. Dermatological photography. What does the law say? 
13.19 Juan José Andrés Lencina. Essential Health Law. How to understand the laws. 
13.32 Pedro Mercader. The importance of assessing relevance in epicutaneous patch tests. Practical examples. 
13.41 Felipe Heras. Relevant new allergens in contact dermatitis. 
13.53 Carolina Ortuño. My personal life experience as a dermatologist. 
14.10 Confined meeting lunch. 
THIRD TABLE (Moderator: Francisco Russo) 
16.00 José Manuel Azaña. Infantile hemangioma: clinical diagnosis, complementary studies? 
16.11 Benigno Monteagudo. Transient benign skin lesions of the newborn. 
16.25 José Bernabeu-Wittel. Epigenetics and skin. 
16.38 María Eugenia Iglesias. The radiologist in the next room. 
16.50 Sandra Mateo. Urgent appointments for private dermatology: What do they bring and how to organise them? 
17.00 Juan Gavín. My vision of private dermatology. 
17.14 Anna Tuneu. Less stress, more health. 
17.25 Kiril Magaletskyy. Dermatology and cinema. 
17.35 Mario Linares. Dermachat.tv a project in search of leaders. 
17.40 Covadonga Martinez. Dermatological short film to raise awareness of skin cancer. 
17.50 Coffee break. 
FOURTH TABLE (Moderator: María-Eugenia Iglesias) 
18.20 Sergio Vañó. Five recent articles in Trichology with therapeutic implications. 
18.33 David Saceda. Five novelties in frontal fibrosing alopecia. 
18.46 Elena Vargas. Botulinum toxin infiltration in the lower third and neck (Spanish & English versions). 
18.57 Nerea Landa. CO2 laser for the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus. 
19.10 Alberto Escudero. Therapeutic management of complex warts by cryotherapy and Alexandrite-755 Laser. 
19.20 José Luis Martínez-Amo. Perioral Rejuvenation using CO2 laser. 
19.35 Ricardo Vieira. Hidradenitis suppurativa: is surgery useful in the era of biologics? (Spanish & Portuguese versions). 
19.50. Francisco Russo. Researching new flaps in dermatologic surgery. 
20.04. Emilio del Río. Other dermatological surgery is also possible. 
20.15 Congress closure. 
20.30 Post-congress cocktail via Zoom®. 
2nd day: Sunday, April 26th, 2020 
Debate, Q&As, Comments 
10.30 Roundtable 1 
11.15 Roundtable 2 
12.00 Roundtable 3 
12.45 Roundtable 4 
Figure 2.

First slide of one of the presentations regarding the changes in tumour prognosis, particularly in the elderly, during the confinement. This presentation was done both in Spanish and English. It included the results of a study that had been accepted for publication only days before by Tejera A & Nagore E. (Reproduced with permission.)

(0.12MB).

The central part of the event was held on April 25th 2020, from 9:30 to 20:30, divided into four distinct sections (with coffee-breaks and time for lunch (Table 2)). No delay between presentations was possible, as they were pre-programmed. Some real-time online interaction at the chat was allowed during the few minutes between presentations, mainly to congratulate the speakers. Questions were channelled through each of the moderators to the speakers the same day. On April 26th, 2020, from 10:30 to 13:30 and managed by the same four moderators, a directed discussion was made. Speakers could prepare in advance their answers, but real-time interaction was also possible. The speakers addressed the attendees mainly using ≤60-second, fast Telegram-videos (Fig. 3).

Figure 3.

Chat screenshot during the debate on April 26th, 2020. The questions were formulated during the presentations the previous day, and the speakers sent their answers to the moderators beforehand, using ≤1-minute videos that continued one to another in smooth and efficient transitions. (Reproduced with permission.)

(0.29MB).

There is no actual congress without two important items: the welcome cocktail and the certificates of presentation for the speakers. A live online Zoom® cocktail was held on Saturday at 8:30 p.m. Furthermore, every speaker received a certificate of their presentation (the organising committee automatically delivered it to their Telegram inboxes).

Results

From a total of 954 dermatologists who attended the congress, 349 of them (36.6%) completed the survey (Table 3). Their ages ranged from 25 to 78 years (mean: 45.2 years; standard deviation: 11.8). There was a female (62.2%) predominance. Most of the survey respondents (96.3%) lived and worked In Spain. Two were from Germany (1.1%), two from Portugal (1.1%), and nine from different Latin-American countries (2.6%). Most respondents had joined Dermachat more than one year ago (59.6%) and followed the congress via their laptops (29.8%), mobile phones (27.2%), or a combination of devices (22.9%).

Table 3.

Demographics and professional practice of the survey participants. Characteristics of the attendance to the meeting and the general online forum.

Variable  Mean  sd  Range 
Age (in years)  45.2  11.8  25-72 
  N  %   
Sex
Male  132  37.8   
Female  217  62.2   
Continent
Europe  340  97.5   
America  2.5   
Municipality in which the attendee works
Very large city of more than 1 million inhabitants  90  25.8   
City of 300,000-1 million inhabitants  86  24.6   
City of 100,000-300,000 inhabitants  110  31.5   
City/municipality of less than 100,000 inhabitants  63  18.1   
Does the dermatologist perform health care activity currently?
Yes  347  99.5   
No  0.5   
Usual health care activity carried out
Only in a public setting  83  23.8   
Primarily public; private in smaller measure  138  39.5   
Mainly private; public in smaller measure  22  6.3   
Only private  106  30.4   
Main private practice setting (if applicable)
Own / another dermatologist’s clinic (≤4 doctors in the team)  96  27.6   
Own / another dermatologist’s clinic (>4 doctors)  23  6.6   
Medical centre, polyclinic including various specialities  77  22.1   
Large private hospital/clinic  69  19.8   
No current involvement in private health care  83  23.9   
Main public health care setting (if applicable)
Tertiary hospital  167  48.0   
County Hospital  55  15.8   
Specialty outpatient clinic, monographic hospital or monographic centre  22  6.3   
No current involvement in public health care  104  29.9   
Time since the congress attendee joined Dermachat
Joined for the congress  86  24.6   
Less than 1 year ago  55  15.8   
More than 1 year ago  208  59.6   
Device in which the attendee followed the congress
Mobile phone  95  27.2   
Tablet  40  11.5   
Laptop  104  29.8   
Desktop computer  30  8.6   
Combination of the latter  80  22.9   

* sd: Standard deviation.

The opinion and future perspectives of the attendees may also be found in Table 4. All considered that this format had a bright present and future, with 17.8% of the respondents thinking that it would become a suitable replacement for the face-to-face meetings. 61.6% of the participants considered this meeting format superior to regular meetings. The respondents showed high levels of satisfaction, giving high scores to the overall conference, the speakers, and the moderators. The highest score (mean: 9.8 over 10) was given to the fact that the congress was free-of-charge. Around one-third of the participants (34.1%) would have liked some additional areas of the speciality to be covered during the meeting. Finally, 14.9% of the respondents stated that they had missed some participation of the pharmaceutical industry during the conference.

Table 4.

Opinion and future perspectives of the attendees

Variable   
Is there any present and future for this type of meetings?
Yes, coexisting with face-to-face meetings  287  82.2   
Yes, as a substitute for traditional meetings  62  17.8   
No. No future, no interest   
Interest and quality of this congress format with respect to the traditional face-to-face ones
Inferior  1.7   
Equivalent  128  36.7   
Superior  215  61.6   
  Mean  sd  95% CI 
Overall impression of the meeting (1-10 score)  9.2  0.05  9.1-9.3 
Assessment of the fact that attendance at the congress was free of charge (1-10 score)  9.8  0.04  9.7-9.8 
Overall speakers’ score  9.4  0.04  9.3-9.5 
Overall moderators’ score  9.4  0.04  9.4-9.5 
  N  %   
Assessment of the range of areas of the specialty covered during the meeting       
Sufficient  230  65.9   
Relative underrepresentation of certain topics  111  31.8   
Great underrepresentation of certain topics  2.3   
Subjective perception of the presence of any potential bias or conflict of interest in any of the presentations       
Yes  1.1   
No  345  98.9   
Perception of the non-participation of the pharmaceutical industry during the meeting       
High  2.0   
Moderate-low  45  12.9   
NoneM  297  85.1   

Analyses of these opinions and their relationship with traits of the surveyed dermatologists yielded the following statistically significant results:

  • ­

    Those with ages comprised in the upper quartile expressed more frequently (35.5%) that this format would be a suitable replacement of traditional meetings (p = 0.001). The desktop computer was more often used among those with ages in the two upper quartiles (representing 80% of individuals who referred to use only these devices to follow the meeting; p = 0.002). However, this was referred as the only device were used by merely 8.6% of the attendees and there were no evident differences in the overall use of the rest of devices.

  • ­

    Women represented 76.7% of those who joined the forum directly to attend the congress and 65.4% of those who joined less than one year before (p = 0.002). We noted that women assigned generally higher scores to the overall meeting (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.007), to the fact that it was free of charge (p < 0.001), to speakers (p = 0.005) and to moderators (p < 0.001). They also stated more frequently that the online meeting was equivalent or superior than face-to-face traditional meetings (p = 0.006).

  • ­

    Regarding the setting of the usual healthcare activity, those involved in private practice exclusively or predominantly over public healthcare settings represented 78.6% of those who stated that online formats such as the one described would be superior to traditional ones (p = 0.001).

Discussion

The satisfaction of the speakers and attendees was very high. All participants considered that this format had a great present and future, and most of them rated it as superior to regular meetings. These results were better to those described by Kim et al. after analysing the satisfaction of 1091 attendees to a medical conference at Las Vegas3, and similar to those obtained by the attendees to two Workshops Without Walls hosted by the NASA Astrobiology Institute in 20104. It has been previously described that motivation plays a central role in the development of satisfaction5,6, and this has been identified as a mediating factor on the relationship between sense of community and future intentions3,7. Dermachat has a great sense of community that clearly influenced the results of the survey (the majority of respondents had been in the chat for more than one year ago).

The attendee’s type of practice and gender have been shown to moderate the relationship between motivation to attend the meeting and perceived experience2. This agreed with the results of our survey. Women assigned generally higher scores to the overall meeting and most dermatologists involved in private practice exclusively or predominantly over public healthcare settings stated that online formats would be superior to traditional ones.

The completely free-of-charge format obtained the highest satisfaction score. No financial support was needed, and all coordinators and speakers were volunteers. No pharmaceutical or aesthetical/cosmetic industry was present (14.9% of the respondents stated that they had missed some participation of the pharmaceutical industry during the meeting). There was no time spent on travelling, no money spent on hotel nights, no need to buy foods or drinks. It was also eco-friendly: no paper and no carbon-footprint were generated beyond some electric consumption. In 2008, Green estimated that the impact of travel to conferences would be 6 billion person air miles or 600.000 tonnes of carbon each year8.

Since all the videos remained uploaded at the scheduled time in the stream of the chat, they could be easily downloaded and re-watched later. We believe this allows to tailor the congress to the attendee’s needs and supports family conciliation, with no fear of missing out (unlike webinars and videoconferences, that usually cannot be watched after the scheduled time)9,10.

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the cancellation of most scientific gatherings. Some authors have seen this as an excellent opportunity to change conferences for the better, encouraging medical societies and organisations to lead the change to virtual meetings11,12. However, one limitation of virtual meetings is the lack of real contact. Education involves skills and attitudes, and we will not influence attitudes just by haranguing people through a video link8. Even though confinement did not allow real contact, our online meeting showed it was possible to ensure interaction and participation between attendees, moderators and speakers. Unlike e-mail, instant messaging could provide prompt feedback on essential issues during the discussion13.

The primary objective was largely achieved: Dermatologists enjoyed some dermatologic science during the COVID-19 pandemic, even despite the disruption of their daily clinical practice. Most of them felt they were participating in something new and compelling that many felt superior to traditional meetings.

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Please cite this article as: Martin-Gorgojo A, Bernabeu-Wittel J, Linares-Barrios M, Russo-de la Torre F, Garcia-Doval I, del Rio-de la Torre E. Congreso virtual de dermatología realizado a través de Telegram® durante el confinamiento de la COVID-19: organización y evaluación. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2020;111:852–860.

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¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?