Información del artículo
Abstract
Ionizing radiation causes cell death through DNA damage and has a stronger effect on undifferentiated tumor cells with a high mitotic rate. The use of a fractionated radiotherapy regimen improves both efficacy and tolerance. In addition, greater fractionation, with lower doses per session, minimizes adverse effects. In the majority of tumors treated with radical radiotherapy, the tumor cells do not disappear immediately after treatment, and assessment of the final response to treatment before three months is premature. Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality in selected patients with skin cancer. Modern radiotherapy equipment and techniques achieve excellent rates of tumor control, associated with good cosmetic results, preserved function, and a low rate of complications. The choice of technique is determined by tumor size and site and the thickness. The techniques most widely used at the present time include external beam radiotherapy with linear accelerator sand high-dose-rate brachytherapy.
Key words:
radiotherapy
skin cancer
electrons
high-dose-rate brachytherapy
Resumen
El mecanismo por el cual las radiaciones ionizantes producen muerte celular es el daño al ADN, que afecta más a las células tumorales de mayor actividad mitótica e indiferenciadas. La administración de radioterapia en dosis fraccionadas aumenta la eficacia y la tolerabilidad del tratamiento; esquemas más fraccionados en dosis bajas por sesión minimizan los efectos secundarios. La mayoría de los tumores irradiados en dosis radical no desaparecen de forma rápida al final del tratamiento. Una valoración de la respuesta definitiva antes de los tres meses es prematura. La radioterapia es un tratamiento importante en pacientes seleccionados con cáncer de piel. Se obtienen excelentes tasas de control tumoral, con buen resultado cosmético, preservación funcional e infrecuentes complicaciones con los modernos equipos y las técnicas de radioterapia. La elección de la técnica se determina por el tamaño, el espesor y la localización anatómica del tumor. Las técnicas actualmente más extendidas para el tratamiento del cáncer de piel son la radioterapia externa con electrones de acelerador lineal y la braquiterapia de alta tasa de dosis.
Palabras clave:
radioterapia
cáncer de piel
electrones
braquiterapia de alta tasa
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