A healthy 7-year-old patient consulted due to a 2-week history of multiple painful nodules after a trip to Senegal. Some family members exhibited similar lesions. On physical examination, erythematous, indurated nodules with an asymmetrical distribution were observed on the thighs, chest, buttocks, and feet (fig. 1A). Dermoscopy revealed the presence of an ellipsoid, bilobed white structure at the center of the nodules with 2 brown linear structures (fig. 1B). A diagnosis of furuncular cutaneous myiasis caused by the species Cordylobia anthropophaga was suspected.

Figure 1

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Cutaneous myiasis is a skin infestation caused by fly larvae of the order Diptera. It can be primary (furuncular or migratory type) or secondary (in wounds). Epidemiological factors, the type of lesion, and larval morphology will guide the diagnosis. Furuncular myiasis is endemic in West Africa, with C. anthropophaga being the most common causative species. Female flies lay their eggs on dry soil or soil contaminated with feces. Once they hatch, in the context of prolonged contact, the larvae can penetrate the host's skin forming furuncular cysts. Dermoscopy can be a useful diagnostic tool in cutaneous parasitic infections, especially in resource-limited areas. Furuncular myiasis shows as a cream-white area with central brownish structures resembling 2 legs or hooks, corresponding to the posterior segment of the larvae. Additionally, black dots, larval movement, bubbles under occlusion, or increased peripheral vascularization can be observed.