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keratotic surfaces &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Longitudinal striations were observed on the fingernails of both hands&#44; and pterygium of the nail on the left thumb &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; No lesions were detected in the mucosa or in any other locations&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Histology</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Biopsy showed a well-circumscribed&#44; dense&#44; subepidermal lymphohistiocytic infiltrate occupying 4 dermal papillae&#46; The infiltrate extended to the epidermal basement membrane&#44; which showed vacuolar degeneration with some apoptotic keratinocytes&#46; The epidermis was thinned and showed parakeratosis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Additional Tests</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fungal culture of nail scrapings was negative&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">What Is Your Diagnosis&#63;</span></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Palmar lichen nitidus with nail involvement&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Clinical Course and Treatment</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was treated with topical clobetasol for 2 months with no improvement of the lesions&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lichen nitidus &#40;LN&#41; is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that predominantly affects children and young adults&#46; It is characterized by the presence of numerous skin-colored papules of a few millimeters in size&#46; These are widely distributed but predominantly present on the genitals&#44; abdomen&#44; chest&#44; and the flexor surfaces of the extremities&#46; Most cases involve few symptoms and resolve spontaneously&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> LN with involvement of the palms&#44; soles of the feet&#44; nails&#44; and mucous membranes is uncommon&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> There are several clinical variants of LN&#44; including keratotic&#44; vesicular&#44; purpuric&#44; perforating&#44; and generalized forms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a> LN can be associated with lichen planus in up to 30&#37; of cases&#44; suggesting that these 2 conditions may be different manifestations of the same process&#44; rather than independent entities&#46; Histologically&#44; LN is characterized by the presence of clusters of lymphocytes and epithelioid histiocytes&#44; sometimes accompanied by multinucleated giant cells&#44; occupying between 1 and 5 dermal papillae and making close contact with the epidermal basal layer&#44; which shows vacuolar degeneration and colloid bodies&#46; The epidermis is thinned and exhibits parakeratosis&#46; The inflammatory infiltrate is surrounded by elongated epidermal ridges&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LN localized exclusively on the palmar surfaces is relatively uncommon&#44; and affects comparatively older patients &#40;age range&#44; 37-52 years&#41; than other forms of LN&#46; It can present as punctate papules&#44; keratotic spicules&#44; or diffuse palmar hyperkeratosis with flaking and fissuring&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;4&#44;5</span></a> The differential diagnosis of palmar LN should include psoriasis&#44; chronic eczema&#44; and dyshidrotic eczema&#46; Microscopy of palmar LN generally reveals typical LN features&#44; although in some cases the inflammatory infiltrate forms a more diffuse band in the superficial dermis&#46; Palmar LN tends to show a chronic course and can be refractory to treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nail involvement is observed in less than 10&#37; of LN cases and is often associated with palmar involvement&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The associated lesions &#40;onychorrhexis&#44; splitting of the distal nail plate&#44; and irregular depressions&#41; are similar to those caused by lichen planus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have presented a case of LN with exclusive palmar involvement&#46; The nail alterations of our patient could be secondary to LN or to the expression of lichen planus which had so far failed to develop in other locations&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Vol. 106. Núm. 2.
Páginas 133-134 (marzo 2015)
Visitas
5682
Vol. 106. Núm. 2.
Páginas 133-134 (marzo 2015)
Case for Diagnosis
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Keratotic Lesions on the Palms and Nail Abnormalities
Lesiones queratósicas en las palmas de las manos y alteraciones ungueales
Visitas
5682
S. Córdobaa,
Autor para correspondencia
scordoba.hflr@salud.madrid.org

Corresponding author.
, J.C. Tardíob, J.M. Borbujoa
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
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Medical History

The patient was a 53-year-old male with a history of hypertension, for which he was being treated with enalapril. He attended our clinic because of multiple, scaly, slightly itchy papules on the palmar surfaces and sides of the hands and fingers. These lesions had appeared 2 to 3 years earlier and had remained stable without treatment. During this period the patient's fingernails, particularly that of the left thumb, became fragile and striated.

Physical Examination

On the sides of the fingers and the thenar eminences of both hands the patient had multiple skin-colored papules of 1-2mm in size with slightly scaly, keratotic surfaces (Fig. 1). Longitudinal striations were observed on the fingernails of both hands, and pterygium of the nail on the left thumb (Fig. 2). No lesions were detected in the mucosa or in any other locations.

Figure 1
(0.09MB).
Figure 2
(0.04MB).
Histology

Biopsy showed a well-circumscribed, dense, subepidermal lymphohistiocytic infiltrate occupying 4 dermal papillae. The infiltrate extended to the epidermal basement membrane, which showed vacuolar degeneration with some apoptotic keratinocytes. The epidermis was thinned and showed parakeratosis (Fig. 3).

Figure 3.

Hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×100.

(0.2MB).
Additional Tests

Fungal culture of nail scrapings was negative.

What Is Your Diagnosis?

Diagnosis

Palmar lichen nitidus with nail involvement.

Clinical Course and Treatment

The patient was treated with topical clobetasol for 2 months with no improvement of the lesions.

Discussion

Lichen nitidus (LN) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that predominantly affects children and young adults. It is characterized by the presence of numerous skin-colored papules of a few millimeters in size. These are widely distributed but predominantly present on the genitals, abdomen, chest, and the flexor surfaces of the extremities. Most cases involve few symptoms and resolve spontaneously.1 LN with involvement of the palms, soles of the feet, nails, and mucous membranes is uncommon.2 There are several clinical variants of LN, including keratotic, vesicular, purpuric, perforating, and generalized forms.1,3 LN can be associated with lichen planus in up to 30% of cases, suggesting that these 2 conditions may be different manifestations of the same process, rather than independent entities. Histologically, LN is characterized by the presence of clusters of lymphocytes and epithelioid histiocytes, sometimes accompanied by multinucleated giant cells, occupying between 1 and 5 dermal papillae and making close contact with the epidermal basal layer, which shows vacuolar degeneration and colloid bodies. The epidermis is thinned and exhibits parakeratosis. The inflammatory infiltrate is surrounded by elongated epidermal ridges.

LN localized exclusively on the palmar surfaces is relatively uncommon, and affects comparatively older patients (age range, 37-52 years) than other forms of LN. It can present as punctate papules, keratotic spicules, or diffuse palmar hyperkeratosis with flaking and fissuring.2,4,5 The differential diagnosis of palmar LN should include psoriasis, chronic eczema, and dyshidrotic eczema. Microscopy of palmar LN generally reveals typical LN features, although in some cases the inflammatory infiltrate forms a more diffuse band in the superficial dermis. Palmar LN tends to show a chronic course and can be refractory to treatment.

Nail involvement is observed in less than 10% of LN cases and is often associated with palmar involvement.1 The associated lesions (onychorrhexis, splitting of the distal nail plate, and irregular depressions) are similar to those caused by lichen planus.5

We have presented a case of LN with exclusive palmar involvement. The nail alterations of our patient could be secondary to LN or to the expression of lichen planus which had so far failed to develop in other locations.

References
[1]
A. Celasco, M. Lequio, M. Santamarina, M. Hernández, A. Soliani, A. Abeldaño, et al.
Liquen nitidus. Presentación de dos casos, uno de ellos generalizado.
Arch Argent Pediatr, 110 (2012), pp. 13-16
[2]
S.H. Park, S.W. Kim, T.W. Noh, K.C. Hong, Y.S. Kang, U.H. Lee, et al.
A case of palmar lichen nitidus presenting as a clinical feature of pompholyx.
Ann Dermatol, 22 (2010), pp. 235-237
[3]
M. Endo, S. Baba, H. Suzuki.
Purpuric lichen nitidus.
Eur J Dermatol, 8 (1998), pp. 54-55
[4]
E. De Eusebio Murillo, E. Sanchez Yus, R. Novo Lens.
A Lichen nitidus of the palms: A case with peculiar histopathologic features.
Am J Dermatopathol, 21 (1999), pp. 161-164
[5]
C.S. Munro, N.H. Cox, J.M. Marks, S. Natarajan.
Lichen nitidus presenting as palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and nail dystrophy.
Clin Exp Dermatol, 18 (1993), pp. 381-383

Please cite this article as: Córdoba S, Tardío J, Borbujo J. Lesiones queratósicas en las palmas de las manos y alteraciones ungueales. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106:133–134.

Copyright © 2013. Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV
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