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Vol. 100. Núm. 3.
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Vol. 100. Núm. 3.
Páginas 222-226 (abril 2009)
Case reports
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Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis: Report of 4 Patients
Xantomatosis Cerebrotendinosa: Descripción de 4 Casos
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C. Ferrándiz-Pulidoa,
Autor para correspondencia
40879cfp@comb.es

Correspondence: Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Paseo Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
, R. Bartralota, M. Girósb, P. Bassasa, C. Herasa, D. Bodeta, R. Savallc, V. García-Patosa
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Sección de Errores Congénitos del Metabolismo, Servicio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Hospital Clínico, Barcelona and Centro de Investigaciones para Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER Instituto de Investigaciones Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
c Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Sant Jaume, Calella, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is an uncommon autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation of the CYP27A1 gene. It is characterized by the presence of xanthomas in different tissues, principally brain and tendon, due to the accumulation of β-cholestanol. Diagnosis is confirmed by measurement of serum β-cholestanol and urinary bile alcohol levels. Therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid has been shown to be the most effective treatment and can halt progression of the disease. We present 4 patients with a history of neurological disorders since childhood and who were diagnosed with CTX after developing tendon xanthomas. Although diagnostic suspicion depends to a large extent on recognition of tendon xanthomas, these are not an early sign of the disease, which can present with neurological disorders, cataracts, and chronic diarrhea. Early diagnosis of CTX therefore rests on measurement of serum β-cholestanol levels, even in absence of tendon xanthomas.

Key words:
cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
tendon xanthoma
chenodeoxycholic acid
sterol 27-hydroxylase
cholestanol
Resumen

La xantomatosis cerebrotendinosa (XCT) es una enfermedad hereditaria infrecuente causada por la mutación del gen CYP27A1. Es característica la aparición de xantomas en diferentes tejidos, principalmente en el cerebro y los tendones, secundarios al depósito de β-colestanol. El diagnóstico se confirma mediante la determinación de β-colestanol en suero, y de los alcoholes biliares en orina. El ácido quenodesoxicólico es la terapia más eficaz, pudiendo llegar a frenar la progresión de la enfermedad. Presentamos4 pacientes con alteraciones neurológicas desde la infancia que fueron diagnosticados de XCT tras el desarrollo de xantomas tendinosos. El reconocimiento de los xantomas tendinosos es fundamental para orientar el diagnóstico de XCT, pero estos no son un signo inicial de la enfermedad, que debuta con alteraciones neurológicas, cataratas o diarrea crónica. Por lo tanto, el diagnóstico temprano de la XCT requiere la determinación del β-colestanol sérico en estos pacientes, aun en ausencia de xantomas.

Palabras clave:
xantomatosis cerebrotendinous
xantoma tendinoso
ácido quenodesoxicólico
27-esterol–hidroxilasa
colestanol
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Copyright © 2009. Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología and Elsevier España, S.L.
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