array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1578219008702324"
  "issn" => "15782190"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S1578-2190(08)70232-4"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-04-01"
  "aid" => "70232"
  "copyright" => "Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología and Elsevier España, S.L."
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2008"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2008;99:199-206"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2423
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 35
      "HTML" => 1531
      "PDF" => 857
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1578219008702336"
    "issn" => "15782190"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1578-2190(08)70233-6"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-04-01"
    "aid" => "70233"
    "copyright" => "Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología and Elsevier España, S.L."
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2008;99:207-12"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2579
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 38
        "HTML" => 1622
        "PDF" => 919
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original articles</span>"
      "titulo" => "Diagnostic Agreement Between Primary Care Physicians and Dermatologists in the Health Area of a Referral Hospital"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "207"
          "paginaFinal" => "212"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Estudio de Concordancia Diagn&#243;stica en Dermatolog&#237;a Entre Atenci&#243;n Primaria y Especializada en el &#193;rea de Salud de un Hospital de Referencia"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "N&#46; Porta, J&#46; San Juan, M&#46;P&#46; Grasa, E&#46; Simal, M&#46; Ara, I&#46; Querol"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "N&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Porta"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "San Juan"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Grasa"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Simal"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ara"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "I&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Querol"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219008702336?idApp=UINPBA000044"
    "url" => "/15782190/0000009900000003/v1_201304241428/S1578219008702336/v1_201304241428/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1578219008702312"
    "issn" => "15782190"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1578-2190(08)70231-2"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-04-01"
    "aid" => "70231"
    "copyright" => "Academia Espa&#241;ola de Dermatolog&#237;a y Venereolog&#237;a and Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2008;99:190-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 5492
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 33
        "HTML" => 2398
        "PDF" => 3061
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Practical dermatology</span>"
      "titulo" => "Recurrent Vulvovaginitis&#58; Diagnostic Assessment and Therapeutic Management"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "190"
          "paginaFinal" => "198"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Vulvovaginitis de Repetici&#243;n&#46; Valoraci&#243;n Diagn&#243;stica y Manejo Terap&#233;utico"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "A&#46; Ram&#237;rez-Santos, M&#46; Pereiro, J&#46; Toribio"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ram&#237;rez-Santos"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Pereiro"
              "sufijo" => "Jr"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Toribio"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219008702312?idApp=UINPBA000044"
    "url" => "/15782190/0000009900000003/v1_201304241428/S1578219008702312/v1_201304241428/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original articles</span>"
    "titulo" => "Analysis of Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "199"
        "paginaFinal" => "206"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "R&#46; Salgado, A&#46; Toll, B&#46; Espinet, E&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Roca, C&#46;L&#46; Barranco, S&#46; Serrano, F&#46; Sol&#233;, R&#46;M&#46; Pujol"
        "autores" => array:8 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "R&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Salgado"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Toll"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "93828&#64;imas&#46;imim&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff2"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "B&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Espinet"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "E&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Gonz&#225;lez-Roca"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff3"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "C&#46;L&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Barranco"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "S&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Serrano"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "F&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Sol&#233;"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          7 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "R&#46;M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Pujol"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff2"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatom&#237;a Patol&#243;gica&#44; Laboratorio de Citogen&#233;tica y Biolog&#237;a Molecular&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff1"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital del Mar&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff2"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Laboratorio de Microarrays&#44; Departamento de Bioinform&#225;tica i Gen&#242;mica&#44; Centro de Regulaci&#243;n Gen&#243;mica &#40;CRG&#41;&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff3"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Correspondence&#58; Servicio de Dermatolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital del Mar&#44; Passeig Mar&#237;tim&#44; 25-29&#44; 08003 Barcelona&#44; Spain&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Estudio de Las Lesiones Citogen&#233;ticas en el Carcinoma Escamoso Cut&#225;-Neo Mediante la T&#233;cnica de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arrays</span> de Hibridaci&#243;n Gen&#243;mica Comparada"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaAceptado" => "2007-09-13"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec84151"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "array"
            1 => "comparative genomic hybridization"
            2 => "cytogenetics"
            3 => "cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec84152"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">array</span>"
            1 => "hibridaci&#243;n gen&#243;mica comparada"
            2 => "citogen&#233;tica"
            3 => "carcinoma escamoso cut&#225;neo"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Few conventional cytogenetic studies of squamous cell carcinoma &#40;SCC&#41; have been performed to date&#46; The introduction of cytogenetic techniques such as comparative genomic hybridization &#40;CGH&#41; has resolved some of the problems associated with conventional cytogenetics&#46; The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of genetic abnormalities in a series of patients with SCC using the technique of array CGH&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study included 8 patients &#40;7 men and 1 woman&#59; mean age&#44; 75 years&#41; diagnosed with primary SCC&#46; DNA was extracted from frozen tissue and analyzed by array CGH&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All cases had genetic alterations&#44; with gains more frequent than losses&#46; The chromosomal regions with gains&#44; in descending order of frequency&#44; were as follows&#58; 5p15&#46;2&#44; 9q31&#46;3-q33&#46;2&#44; 13q&#44; 18q22&#44; 1p21-p22&#44; 1q24-q25&#44; 3p13&#44; 4q33-q34 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HMGB2</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SAP30</span>&#41;&#44; 20p12&#46;2 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">JAG1</span>&#41;&#44; 21q21&#46;1&#44; and Xq21&#46;33&#46; The region 9p13&#46;1-p13&#46;3 was the only one to display recurrent loss&#46; No correlation was observed between the presence of gains or losses and the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the tumors&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This is the first study to use the technique of array CGH to analyze genetic alterations in SCC&#46; The finding of certain previously described aberrations &#40;gain of 5p&#41; suggests the existence of recurrent abnormalities&#46; Likewise&#44; the observation of alterations in small regions of chromosome 1 highlights the sensitivity of the technique to detect small changes&#46; Application of the technique to a larger series of cases will provide greater insight into the genetic abnormalities implicated in the process of tumorigenesis in SCC&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los estudios de citogen&#233;tica convencional realizados en el carcinoma escamoso cut&#225;neo &#40;CEC&#41; son escasos&#46; La introducci&#243;n de las t&#233;cnicas de citogen&#233;tica&#44; como la de hibridaci&#243;n gen&#243;mica comparada &#40;HGC&#41;&#44; solventan algunos de los inconvenientes planteados por las t&#233;cnicas de citogen&#233;tica convencional&#46; El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la presencia de alteraciones gen&#233;ticas mediante la t&#233;cnica de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">array</span>-HGC en una serie de CEC&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudiaron un total de 8 pacientes &#40;7 varones&#47;una mujer&#59; edad media&#58; 75 a&#241;os&#41; diagnosticados de CEC primario&#46; Se realiz&#243; extracci&#243;n de ADN a partir de material congelado y se realiz&#243; la t&#233;cnica de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">array</span>-HGC&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Todos los casos mostraron alteraciones gen&#233;ticas&#44; siendo m&#225;s frecuentes las ganancias que las p&#233;rdidas&#46; Las regiones cromos&#243;micas en las que se observaron ganancias&#44; en orden decreciente&#44; fueron 5p15&#46;2&#44; 9q31&#46;3-q33&#46;2&#44; 13q&#44; 18q22&#44; 1p21-p22&#44; 1q24-q25&#44; 3p13&#44; 4q33-q34 &#40;HMGB2&#44; SAP30&#41;&#44; 20p12&#46;2 &#40;JAG1&#41;&#44; 21q21&#46;1&#44; Xq21&#46;33&#46; La regi&#243;n 9p13&#46;1-p13&#46;3 fue la &#250;nica que mostr&#243; una p&#233;rdida recurrente&#46; No se detect&#243; una correlaci&#243;n entre la presencia de ganancias o p&#233;rdidas y las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nico-patol&#243;gicas de los tumores&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio es el primero descrito en el que se utiliza la t&#233;cnica de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">array</span>-HGC con el fin de analizar las alteraciones gen&#233;ticas del CEC&#46; El hallazgo de algunas aberraciones ya descritas &#40;ganancia de 5p&#41; muestra la posibilidad de que existan lesiones recurrentes&#46; Asimismo&#44; la observaci&#243;n de peque&#241;as regiones alteradas &#40;cromosoma 1&#41; demuestra la sensibilidad de esta t&#233;cnica en la detecci&#243;n de alteraciones de peque&#241;o tama&#241;o&#46; Su aplicaci&#243;n en una serie amplia de casos podr&#225; proporcionar un mayor conocimiento de las alteraciones gen&#233;ticas implicadas en el proceso de tumorog&#233;nesis del CEC&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">This study was funded by a grant from the Health Research Fund &#40;Fondo de Investigaci&#243;n Sanitaria&#41; of the Spanish Ministry of Health &#40;grant PI041728&#41;&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:25 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "DNA content and proliferative index in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46;B&#46; Randall"
                            1 => "K&#46;R&#46; Geisinger"
                            2 => "T&#46;E&#46; Kute"
                            3 => "D&#46;H&#46; Buss"
                            4 => "R&#46;W&#46; Prichard"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Clin Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "259"
                        "paginaFinal" => "262"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2301286"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sunlight and skin cancer&#58; another link revealed"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "K&#46;H&#46; Kraemer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Proc Natl Acad Sci"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "94"
                        "paginaInicial" => "11"
                        "paginaFinal" => "14"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8990152"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetics instabilities in human cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Lengauer"
                            1 => "K&#46;W&#46; Kinzler"
                            2 => "B&#46; Vogelstein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/25292"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nature"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "396"
                        "paginaInicial" => "643"
                        "paginaFinal" => "649"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9872311"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ultraviolet radiation and skin carcinogenesis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;G&#46; Quinn"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Hosp Med"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "261"
                        "paginaFinal" => "264"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9488800"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Low doses of UVB or UVA induce chromosomal aberrations in cultured human skin cells"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Emri"
                            1 => "E&#46; Wenczl"
                            2 => "P&#46; Van Erp"
                            3 => "J&#46; Jans"
                            4 => "L&#46; Roza"
                            5 => "I&#46; Horkay"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00057.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Invest Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "115"
                        "paginaInicial" => "435"
                        "paginaFinal" => "440"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10951280"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of human skin show distinct patterns of chromosome loss"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;G&#46; Quinn"
                            1 => "S&#46; Sikkink"
                            2 => "J&#46;L&#46; Rees"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer Res"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "54"
                        "paginaInicial" => "4756"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4759"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8062275"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Loss of heterozygosity in human skin"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Happle"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "41"
                        "paginaInicial" => "143"
                        "paginaFinal" => "164"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426882"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Molecular cytogenetic aspects of hematological malignancies&#58; clinical implications"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "Z&#46; Chen"
                            1 => "A&#46;A&#46; Sandberg"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/ajmg.10689"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Med Genet"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "115"
                        "paginaInicial" => "130"
                        "paginaFinal" => "141"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12407693"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Advances in cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "L&#46; James"
                            1 => "J&#46; Varley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chromosome Res"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "479"
                        "paginaFinal" => "485"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8939358"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1474442209702996"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "14744422"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cytogenetic and interphase FISH analysis of 73 basal cell and three squamous cell carcinoma&#58; different findings in direct preparations and short-term culture"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Casalone"
                            1 => "D&#46; Mazzola"
                            2 => "R&#46; Righi"
                            3 => "P&#46; Granata"
                            4 => "E&#46; Minelli"
                            5 => "M&#46; Salvadore"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer Genet Cytogenet"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "118"
                        "paginaInicial" => "136"
                        "paginaFinal" => "143"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10748294"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nonrandom karyotypic features in squamous cell carcinomas of the skin"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Jin"
                            1 => "C&#46; Martins"
                            2 => "C&#46; Jin"
                            3 => "L&#46; Salemark"
                            4 => "N&#46; Jonsson"
                            5 => "B&#46; Persson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Genes Chromosomes Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "295"
                        "paginaFinal" => "303"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10534764"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Jumping translocation of chromosome 14 in a skin squamous cell carcinoma from xeroderma pigmentosum patient"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Aledo"
                            1 => "A&#46; Aurias"
                            2 => "B&#46; Chretein"
                            3 => "B&#46; Dutrillaux"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer Genet Cytogenet"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "29"
                        "paginaFinal" => "33"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3164238"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clonal cytogenetic evolution in a squamous cell carcinoma of the skin from a xeroderma pigmentosum patient"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Worsham"
                            1 => "T&#46;E&#46; Carey"
                            2 => "M&#46;S&#46; Benninger"
                            3 => "K&#46;M&#46; Gasser"
                            4 => "W&#46; Kelker"
                            5 => "R&#46;J&#46; Zarbo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Genes Chromosomes Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "158"
                        "paginaFinal" => "164"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7687869"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trisomy 7 in keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;C&#46; Cheville"
                            1 => "C&#46; Bromley"
                            2 => "Z&#46;B&#46; Argenyi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Cutan Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "546"
                        "paginaFinal" => "550"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8835173"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Deletion monitoring in skin tumors by interphase-FISH using band-specific DNA probes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; D&#246;bler"
                            1 => "J&#46; Schuh"
                            2 => "F&#46; Kiesewetter"
                            3 => "H&#46; Schell"
                            4 => "T&#46; Liehr"
                            5 => "E&#46; Gebhart"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "571"
                        "paginaFinal" => "576"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10024693"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparative genomic hybridization for molecular cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Kallioniemi"
                            1 => "O&#46;P&#46; Kallioniemi"
                            2 => "D&#46; Sudar"
                            3 => "D&#46; Rutovitz"
                            4 => "J&#46;W&#46; Gray"
                            5 => "F&#46; Waldman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Science"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "818"
                        "paginaFinal" => "821"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chromosomal aberrations in squamous cell carcinoma and solar keratoses revealed by comparative genomic hybridization"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46;J&#46; Ashton"
                            1 => "S&#46;R&#46; Weinstein"
                            2 => "D&#46;J&#46; Maguire"
                            3 => "L&#46;R&#46; Griffiths"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/archderm.139.7.876"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "139"
                        "paginaInicial" => "876"
                        "paginaFinal" => "882"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12873882"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genome-wide detection of chromosomal imbalances in tumors using BAC microarrays"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "W&#46;W&#46; Cai"
                            1 => "J&#46;H&#46; Mao"
                            2 => "C&#46;W&#46; Chow"
                            3 => "S&#46; Damani"
                            4 => "A&#46; Balmain"
                            5 => "A&#46; Bradley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nbt0402-393"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Biotechnol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "393"
                        "paginaFinal" => "396"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923847"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1474442209701395"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "14744422"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization and its applications in human genetics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Oostlander"
                            1 => "G&#46; Meijer"
                            2 => "B&#46; Ylstra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Genet"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "66"
                        "paginaInicial" => "448"
                        "paginaFinal" => "495"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A role for sunlight in skin cancer&#58; UV-induced p53 mutations in squamous cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "D&#46;E&#46; Brash"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Rudolph"
                            2 => "J&#46;A&#46; Simon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Proc Natl Acad Sci US"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "88"
                        "paginaInicial" => "10124"
                        "paginaFinal" => "10128"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetic change in actinic keratoses"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "I&#46; Rehman"
                            1 => "M&#46; Takata"
                            2 => "Y&#46;-Y&#46; Wu"
                            3 => "J&#46;L&#46; Rees"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Oncogene"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2483"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2490"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8700506"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Molecular profiling of transformed and metastatic murine squamous carcinoma cells by differential display and cDNA microarray reveals altered expression of multiple genes related to growth&#44; apoptosis&#44; angiogenesis&#44; and the NF-kB signal pathway"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Dong"
                            1 => "E&#46; Loukinova"
                            2 => "Z&#46; Chen"
                            3 => "L&#46; Gangi"
                            4 => "T&#46;I&#46; Chanturita"
                            5 => "E&#46;T&#46; Liu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer Res"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "4797"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4798"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Novel proteasome inhibitor PS-341 inhibits activation of NF-kB&#44; cell survival&#44; tumor growth and angiogenesis in squamous cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;B&#46; Sunwoo"
                            1 => "Z&#46; Chen"
                            2 => "G&#46; Dong"
                            3 => "N&#46; Yeh"
                            4 => "C&#46;C&#46; Bancroft"
                            5 => "E&#46; Sausville"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Cancer Res"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1419"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1428"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11350913"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mutational analysis of CDKN2A genes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Z&#46; Saridaki"
                            1 => "T&#46; Liloglou"
                            2 => "A&#46; Zafiropoulos"
                            3 => "E&#46; Koumantaki"
                            4 => "O&#46; Zoras"
                            5 => "D&#46;A&#46; Spandidos"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "148"
                        "paginaInicial" => "638"
                        "paginaFinal" => "648"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12752119"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1474442207701783"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "14744422"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetic imbalances in 26 cases of penile squamous cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Alves"
                            1 => "A&#46; Heller"
                            2 => "W&#46; Fiedler"
                            3 => "M&#46;M&#46; Campos"
                            4 => "U&#46; Claussen"
                            5 => "A&#46;A&#46; Ornellas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/gcc.1117"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Genes Chromosomes Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "48"
                        "paginaFinal" => "53"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11284035"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/15782190/0000009900000003/v1_201304241428/S1578219008702324/v1_201304241428/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "6155"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original Articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15782190/0000009900000003/v1_201304241428/S1578219008702324/v1_201304241428/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219008702324?idApp=UINPBA000044"
]
Compartir
Información de la revista
Vol. 99. Núm. 3.
Páginas 199-206 (abril 2008)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 99. Núm. 3.
Páginas 199-206 (abril 2008)
Original articles
Acceso a texto completo
Analysis of Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization
Estudio de Las Lesiones Citogenéticas en el Carcinoma Escamoso Cutá-Neo Mediante la Técnica de Arrays de Hibridación Genómica Comparada
Visitas
6105
R. Salgadoa, A. Tollb,
Autor para correspondencia
93828@imas.imim.es

Correspondence: Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital del Mar, Passeig Marítim, 25-29, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
, B. Espineta, E. González-Rocac, C.L. Barrancoa, S. Serranoa, F. Soléa, R.M. Pujolb
a Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Laboratorio de Citogenética y Biología Molecular, Barcelona, Spain
b Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
c Laboratorio de Microarrays, Departamento de Bioinformática i Genòmica, Centro de Regulación Genómica (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Abstract
Introduction

Few conventional cytogenetic studies of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have been performed to date. The introduction of cytogenetic techniques such as comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has resolved some of the problems associated with conventional cytogenetics. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of genetic abnormalities in a series of patients with SCC using the technique of array CGH.

Material and methods

The study included 8 patients (7 men and 1 woman; mean age, 75 years) diagnosed with primary SCC. DNA was extracted from frozen tissue and analyzed by array CGH.

Results

All cases had genetic alterations, with gains more frequent than losses. The chromosomal regions with gains, in descending order of frequency, were as follows: 5p15.2, 9q31.3-q33.2, 13q, 18q22, 1p21-p22, 1q24-q25, 3p13, 4q33-q34 (HMGB2, SAP30), 20p12.2 (JAG1), 21q21.1, and Xq21.33. The region 9p13.1-p13.3 was the only one to display recurrent loss. No correlation was observed between the presence of gains or losses and the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the tumors.

Conclusions

This is the first study to use the technique of array CGH to analyze genetic alterations in SCC. The finding of certain previously described aberrations (gain of 5p) suggests the existence of recurrent abnormalities. Likewise, the observation of alterations in small regions of chromosome 1 highlights the sensitivity of the technique to detect small changes. Application of the technique to a larger series of cases will provide greater insight into the genetic abnormalities implicated in the process of tumorigenesis in SCC.

Key words:
array
comparative genomic hybridization
cytogenetics
cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Resumen
Introducción

Los estudios de citogenética convencional realizados en el carcinoma escamoso cutáneo (CEC) son escasos. La introducción de las técnicas de citogenética, como la de hibridación genómica comparada (HGC), solventan algunos de los inconvenientes planteados por las técnicas de citogenética convencional. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la presencia de alteraciones genéticas mediante la técnica de array-HGC en una serie de CEC.

Material y métodos

Se estudiaron un total de 8 pacientes (7 varones/una mujer; edad media: 75 años) diagnosticados de CEC primario. Se realizó extracción de ADN a partir de material congelado y se realizó la técnica de array-HGC.

Resultados

Todos los casos mostraron alteraciones genéticas, siendo más frecuentes las ganancias que las pérdidas. Las regiones cromosómicas en las que se observaron ganancias, en orden decreciente, fueron 5p15.2, 9q31.3-q33.2, 13q, 18q22, 1p21-p22, 1q24-q25, 3p13, 4q33-q34 (HMGB2, SAP30), 20p12.2 (JAG1), 21q21.1, Xq21.33. La región 9p13.1-p13.3 fue la única que mostró una pérdida recurrente. No se detectó una correlación entre la presencia de ganancias o pérdidas y las características clínico-patológicas de los tumores.

Conclusiones

Este estudio es el primero descrito en el que se utiliza la técnica de array-HGC con el fin de analizar las alteraciones genéticas del CEC. El hallazgo de algunas aberraciones ya descritas (ganancia de 5p) muestra la posibilidad de que existan lesiones recurrentes. Asimismo, la observación de pequeñas regiones alteradas (cromosoma 1) demuestra la sensibilidad de esta técnica en la detección de alteraciones de pequeño tamaño. Su aplicación en una serie amplia de casos podrá proporcionar un mayor conocimiento de las alteraciones genéticas implicadas en el proceso de tumorogénesis del CEC.

Palabras clave:
array
hibridación genómica comparada
citogenética
carcinoma escamoso cutáneo
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
References
[1.]
M.B. Randall, K.R. Geisinger, T.E. Kute, D.H. Buss, R.W. Prichard.
DNA content and proliferative index in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma.
Am J Clin Pathol, 93 (1990), pp. 259-262
[2.]
K.H. Kraemer.
Sunlight and skin cancer: another link revealed.
Proc Natl Acad Sci, 94 (1997), pp. 11-14
[3.]
C. Lengauer, K.W. Kinzler, B. Vogelstein.
Genetics instabilities in human cancer.
Nature, 396 (1998), pp. 643-649
[4.]
A.G. Quinn.
Ultraviolet radiation and skin carcinogenesis.
Br J Hosp Med, 58 (1997), pp. 261-264
[5.]
G. Emri, E. Wenczl, P. Van Erp, J. Jans, L. Roza, I. Horkay, et al.
Low doses of UVB or UVA induce chromosomal aberrations in cultured human skin cells.
J Invest Dermatol, 115 (2000), pp. 435-440
[6.]
A.G. Quinn, S. Sikkink, J.L. Rees.
Basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of human skin show distinct patterns of chromosome loss.
Cancer Res, 54 (1994), pp. 4756-4759
[7.]
R. Happle.
Loss of heterozygosity in human skin.
J Am Acad Dermatol, 41 (1999), pp. 143-164
[8.]
Z. Chen, A.A. Sandberg.
Molecular cytogenetic aspects of hematological malignancies: clinical implications.
Am J Med Genet, 115 (2002), pp. 130-141
[9.]
L. James, J. Varley.
Advances in cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors.
Chromosome Res, 4 (1996), pp. 479-485
[10.]
R. Casalone, D. Mazzola, R. Righi, P. Granata, E. Minelli, M. Salvadore, et al.
Cytogenetic and interphase FISH analysis of 73 basal cell and three squamous cell carcinoma: different findings in direct preparations and short-term culture.
Cancer Genet Cytogenet, 118 (2000), pp. 136-143
[11.]
Y. Jin, C. Martins, C. Jin, L. Salemark, N. Jonsson, B. Persson, et al.
Nonrandom karyotypic features in squamous cell carcinomas of the skin.
Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 26 (1999), pp. 295-303
[12.]
R. Aledo, A. Aurias, B. Chretein, B. Dutrillaux.
Jumping translocation of chromosome 14 in a skin squamous cell carcinoma from xeroderma pigmentosum patient.
Cancer Genet Cytogenet, 33 (1988), pp. 29-33
[13.]
M.J. Worsham, T.E. Carey, M.S. Benninger, K.M. Gasser, W. Kelker, R.J. Zarbo, et al.
Clonal cytogenetic evolution in a squamous cell carcinoma of the skin from a xeroderma pigmentosum patient.
Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 7 (1993), pp. 158-164
[14.]
J.C. Cheville, C. Bromley, Z.B. Argenyi.
Trisomy 7 in keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
J Cutan Pathol, 22 (1995), pp. 546-550
[15.]
M. Döbler, J. Schuh, F. Kiesewetter, H. Schell, T. Liehr, E. Gebhart.
Deletion monitoring in skin tumors by interphase-FISH using band-specific DNA probes.
Int J Oncol, 14 (1999), pp. 571-576
[16.]
A. Kallioniemi, O.P. Kallioniemi, D. Sudar, D. Rutovitz, J.W. Gray, F. Waldman, et al.
Comparative genomic hybridization for molecular cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors.
Science, 28 (1992), pp. 818-821
[17.]
K.J. Ashton, S.R. Weinstein, D.J. Maguire, L.R. Griffiths.
Chromosomal aberrations in squamous cell carcinoma and solar keratoses revealed by comparative genomic hybridization.
Arch Dermatol, 139 (2003), pp. 876-882
[18.]
W.W. Cai, J.H. Mao, C.W. Chow, S. Damani, A. Balmain, A. Bradley.
Genome-wide detection of chromosomal imbalances in tumors using BAC microarrays.
Nat Biotechnol, 20 (2002), pp. 393-396
[19.]
A. Oostlander, G. Meijer, B. Ylstra.
Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization and its applications in human genetics.
Clin Genet, 66 (2004), pp. 448-495
[20.]
D.E. Brash, J.A. Rudolph, J.A. Simon.
A role for sunlight in skin cancer: UV-induced p53 mutations in squamous cell carcinoma.
Proc Natl Acad Sci US, 88 (1991), pp. 10124-10128
[21.]
I. Rehman, M. Takata, Y.-Y. Wu, J.L. Rees.
Genetic change in actinic keratoses.
Oncogene, 12 (1996), pp. 2483-2490
[22.]
G. Dong, E. Loukinova, Z. Chen, L. Gangi, T.I. Chanturita, E.T. Liu, et al.
Molecular profiling of transformed and metastatic murine squamous carcinoma cells by differential display and cDNA microarray reveals altered expression of multiple genes related to growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and the NF-kB signal pathway.
Cancer Res, 15 (2001), pp. 4797-4798
[23.]
J.B. Sunwoo, Z. Chen, G. Dong, N. Yeh, C.C. Bancroft, E. Sausville, et al.
Novel proteasome inhibitor PS-341 inhibits activation of NF-kB, cell survival, tumor growth and angiogenesis in squamous cell carcinoma.
Clin Cancer Res, 7 (2001), pp. 1419-1428
[24.]
Z. Saridaki, T. Liloglou, A. Zafiropoulos, E. Koumantaki, O. Zoras, D.A. Spandidos.
Mutational analysis of CDKN2A genes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.
Br J Dermatol, 148 (2003), pp. 638-648
[25.]
G. Alves, A. Heller, W. Fiedler, M.M. Campos, U. Claussen, A.A. Ornellas, et al.
Genetic imbalances in 26 cases of penile squamous cell carcinoma.
Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 31 (2001), pp. 48-53

This study was funded by a grant from the Health Research Fund (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria) of the Spanish Ministry of Health (grant PI041728).

Copyright © 2008. Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología and Elsevier España, S.L.
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?