array:24 [
  "pii" => "S1578219015002644"
  "issn" => "15782190"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2015.10.004"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-12-01"
  "aid" => "1216"
  "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2015"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106:806-15"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 718
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 49
      "HTML" => 504
      "PDF" => 165
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0001731015002884"
      "issn" => "00017310"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2015.07.001"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-12-01"
      "aid" => "1216"
      "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106:806-15"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 3759
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 3
          "HTML" => 422
          "PDF" => 3334
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>"
        "titulo" => "Carcinoma epidermoide cut&#225;neo&#58; definici&#243;n de sus caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nico-patol&#243;gicas y factores de riesgo asociados en un estudio observacional de 118 pacientes"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "806"
            "paginaFinal" => "815"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Squamous Cell Carcinoma&#58; Clinical and Pathological Features and Associated Risk Factors in an Observational Study of 118 Patients"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0010"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 708
                "Ancho" => 1500
                "Tamanyo" => 269442
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Imagen cl&#237;nica de un CEC bien diferenciado en la regi&#243;n malar &#40;A&#41; e imagen histol&#243;gica del mismo tumor &#40;B&#41; &#40;hematoxilina-eosina<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "T&#46; D&#237;az-Corpas, M&#46; Morales-Su&#225;rez-Varela, N&#46; Rausell Fontestad, A&#46; Fuertes Pr&#243;sper, A&#46; Marquina-Vila, E&#46; Jord&#225;-Cuevas"
            "autores" => array:6 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "T&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "D&#237;az-Corpas"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Morales-Su&#225;rez-Varela"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "N&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Rausell Fontestad"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Fuertes Pr&#243;sper"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Marquina-Vila"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "E&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Jord&#225;-Cuevas"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S1578219015002644"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2015.10.004"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219015002644?idApp=UINPBA000044"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731015002884?idApp=UINPBA000044"
      "url" => "/00017310/0000010600000010/v1_201512080105/S0001731015002884/v1_201512080105/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S1578219015002723"
    "issn" => "15782190"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2015.10.011"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-12-01"
    "aid" => "1234"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; and AEDV"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106:816-22"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1042
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 47
        "HTML" => 502
        "PDF" => 493
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL ARTICLES</span>"
      "titulo" => "Corticosteroid Hypersensitivity Studies in a Skin Allergy Unit"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "816"
          "paginaFinal" => "822"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Estudio de sensibilizaci&#243;n a corticoides en una consulta de alergia cut&#225;nea"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1267
              "Ancho" => 1626
              "Tamanyo" => 81989
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribution of positive results with various corticosteroids from the modified standard series&#46; It is noteworthy that in 4 cases&#44; the result for budesonide was negative&#46; Of these 4 cases&#44; 1 had a positive result to hydrocortisone 17-butyrate and the remaining 3 to tixocortol pivalate&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "L&#46; Berbegal, F&#46;J&#46; DeLeon, J&#46;F&#46; Silvestre"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "L&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Berbegal"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "DeLeon"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Silvestre"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0001731015003385"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2015.07.007"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731015003385?idApp=UINPBA000044"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219015002723?idApp=UINPBA000044"
    "url" => "/15782190/0000010600000010/v1_201512060022/S1578219015002723/v1_201512060022/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S1578219015002929"
    "issn" => "15782190"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2015.10.019"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-12-01"
    "aid" => "1248"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; and AEDV"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "ssu"
    "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106:795-805"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1370
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 40
        "HTML" => 783
        "PDF" => 547
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Novelties in Dermatology</span>"
      "titulo" => "Usefulness of Photodynamic Therapy in the Management of Onychomycosis"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "795"
          "paginaFinal" => "805"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Utilidad de la terapia fotodin&#225;mica en el manejo de la onicomicosis"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0015"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 672
              "Ancho" => 1800
              "Tamanyo" => 262704
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">White superficial onychomycosis caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fusarium oxysporum</span>&#46; Before &#40;A&#41; and 48 weeks &#40;B&#41; after completion of 3 treatment sessions at 1-week intervals of methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy with 16&#37; Aktilite &#40;Photocure ASA&#44; 37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>J&#47;cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#46; Prior to each PDT sessions the affected area was pretreated with 40&#37; urea under occlusion for 3 nights and active mechanical removal of the nail plate just before the application of the photosensitizing agent&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "P&#46; Robres, C&#46; Aspiroz, A&#46; Rezusta, Y&#46; Gilaberte"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Robres"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "C&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Aspiroz"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Rezusta"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Y&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Gilaberte"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0001731015003749"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2015.08.005"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731015003749?idApp=UINPBA000044"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219015002929?idApp=UINPBA000044"
    "url" => "/15782190/0000010600000010/v1_201512060022/S1578219015002929/v1_201512060022/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:20 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Squamous Cell Carcinoma&#58; Clinical and Pathological Features and Associated Risk Factors in an Observational Study of 118 Patients"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "806"
        "paginaFinal" => "815"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "T&#46; D&#237;az-Corpas, M&#46; Morales-Su&#225;rez-Varela, N&#46; Rausell Fontestad, A&#46; Fuertes Pr&#243;sper, A&#46; Marquina-Vila, E&#46; Jord&#225;-Cuevas"
        "autores" => array:6 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "T&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "D&#237;az-Corpas"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "diaz&#95;tan&#64;gva&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Morales-Su&#225;rez-Varela"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "N&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Rausell Fontestad"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Fuertes Pr&#243;sper"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Marquina-Vila"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "E&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Jord&#225;-Cuevas"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset&#44; Valencia&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Salud P&#250;blica&#44; Higiene y Sanidad Ambiental&#44; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud P&#250;blica&#44; Universitat de Val&#232;ncia&#44; CIBERESP&#58; CIBER Epidemiolog&#237;a y Salud P&#250;blica&#44; Valencia&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatom&#237;a Patol&#243;gica&#44; Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset&#44; Valencia&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Cl&#237;nico Universitario&#44; Valencia&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "d"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Carcinoma epidermoide cut&#225;neo&#58; definici&#243;n de sus caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nico-patol&#243;gicas y factores de riesgo asociados en un estudio observacional de 118 pacientes"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 700
            "Ancho" => 1520
            "Tamanyo" => 168381
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Squamous cell carcinomas in locations considered high risk&#46; A&#44; External ear tumor&#46; B&#44; Lower lip tumor&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In light-skinned populations&#44; nonmelanoma skin tumors comprise the most prevalent type of cancer and their incidence is rising all over the world&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;4</span></a> Rates of squamous cell carcinoma &#40;SCC&#41; in particular have increased markedly in recent decades&#44; by 3&#37; to 10&#37; per year according to some studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;4</span></a> In Spain&#44; the incidence of SCC is 72 per 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 person-years for females and 100 per 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 person-years for males&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> SCC tumors arise in epidermal keratinocytes&#46; The etiology is multifactorial&#44; but the most important factor is exposure to UV radiation &#40;from sunlight&#44; psoralen-UV-A therapy&#44; or tanning booths&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Other relevant factors that favor the development of SCC are exposure to ionizing radiation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#59; contact with chemicals such as pesticides&#44; tar&#44; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons&#59; and exposure to arsenic&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Immunocompromised patients also have higher rates of SCC&#44; and their tumors behave more aggressively and have a greater tendency to metastasize than tumors in the general population&#46; Recipients of solid-organ transplants &#40;such as a heart or kidney&#41; are especially at risk&#46; Human papilloma virus infection has been linked to the pathogenesis of SCC&#59; particularly implicated are <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Betapapillomavirus</span> species&#44; which infect nonmucosal cutaneous tissues and are more prevalent in immunocompromised patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;11</span></a> Prior history of an inflammatory lesion&#44; dermatitis&#44; long-established wounds or ulcers&#44; or another skin tumor are also considered risk factors for SCC&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The seventh &#40;2010&#41; edition of the staging manual of the American Joint Committee on Cancer &#40;AJCC&#41; introduced important new instructions for SCC staging in the interest of offering more useful prognostic information and therefore providing better guidance on treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;14</span></a> One important change was that SCC was distinguished from the set of other nonmelanoma skin cancers such as basal cell and Merkel cell carcinomas&#46; Under the new system&#44; other important factors in addition to tumor size &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41; are taken into account&#46; Examples are depth over 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm and the extent of deep structure involvement &#40;Clark level &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#41;&#44; location in a high-risk site &#40;ear or lip&#41;&#44; or grade &#40;poorly differentiated&#41;&#46; If a tumor meets 2 or more of these high-risk criteria it is shifted to a higher T class than would apply based on size alone&#44; and the prognosis would therefore be worse&#46; However&#44; even though prognosis is more accurate under this staging system&#44; other predictors of high risk that are associated with higher rates of recurrence and metastasis are not included&#59; examples are the presence of lymphovascular invasion&#44; immunosuppression&#44; history of a lesion in the same area&#44; and location in high-risk sites other than the ear or lip&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of SCC meeting these AJCC criteria for high risk in a patient series and to explore associated factors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Patients and Methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This observational study analyzed data gathered for cases and controls&#46; After our hospital&#39;s ethics committee approved the study in July 2012&#44; recruitment took place in the dermatology department over a period of 18 months&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The inclusion criteria were as follows&#58; diagnosis of SCC&#44; age over 18 years&#44; written informed consent&#44; and under treatment by physicians in our department in a Mediterranean coastal area with 379<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 inhabitants in eastern Spain&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with SCC were excluded if they declined to participate&#44; died before treatment of the tumor&#44; or had a firm or suspected diagnosis of any genetic condition linked to skin cancer&#46; Samples with flaws that could not be processed&#44; and genital mucosal SCCs were also excluded&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following information was recorded during the first visit or taken from the patient&#39;s chart if available&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Clinical Characteristics</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sex and age</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regular sun exposure&#44; considering years of regular occupational or recreational exposure&#44; on 3 levels&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Low&#58; occasional&#44; exposure that is mainly recreational and not prolonged</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moderate&#58; occupational exposure of less than 15 years&#8217; duration or recreational exposure of less than 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours per day&#44; mainly in the summer</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">High&#58; occupational exposure longer than 15 years&#8217; duration or summer recreational exposure averaging over 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours per day or maintained for long periods</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phototype I-VI &#40;Fitzpatrick scale&#41;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Smoking&#44; classified according to the instructions of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery &#40;SEPAR&#41; for calculating pack-years of exposure as follows&#58; number of cigarettes per day&#44; multiplied by years of smoking&#44; divided by 20&#46; We considered that fewer than 9 pack-years indicated light smoking exposure&#59; between 10 and 20&#44; moderate exposure&#44; and more than 20&#44; high exposure&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alcohol &#40;units&#47;day&#41; and drug use &#40;number of drugs and type&#41;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Body mass index &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0050"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chronic comorbidity &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; dyslipidemia&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; hypertension&#44; inflammatory disorders&#41;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0055"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primary or secondary immunosuppression&#58; blood disorders&#44; immunosuppressant treatment&#44; human immunodeficiency virus infection&#44; transplantation&#44; etc&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0060"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">History of dermatologic disease&#58; actinic keratosis&#44; SCC in situ &#40;Bowen disease&#41;&#44; nonmelanoma skin cancer</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0065"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Exposure to carcinogens such as arsenic&#44; coal tar products&#44; ionizing radiation</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0070"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prior lesions in the region of the tumor &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; chronic ulcers or burns&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; actinic keratosis&#44; or nonmelanoma skin cancer</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0075"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Time in months since the patient noticed the lesion until it was excised</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0080"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tumor location&#58; center of the face&#44; ear&#44; lips&#44; scalp&#44; back&#44; chest&#44; abdomen&#44; arms&#44; hands&#44; legs&#44; or feet&#46; For descriptive statistics we grouped tumors by regions considered to confer high risk according to the AJCC manual&#46; In the multivariate analysis head-and-neck tumors were compared to any other location&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Tumor Characteristics</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histologic features recorded by the pathologists were analyzed&#46; The protocol of the seventh edition of the AJCC manual was used to classify tumors&#46; Data collected were as follows&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0085"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tumor size in centimeters</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0090"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tumor depth &#40;Clark level and Breslow depth in millimeters&#41;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0095"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Presence or not of perineural or lymphovascular invasion</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0100"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cell differentiation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0010">Figs&#46; 2 and 3</a>&#41;&#58; well differentiated&#44; moderately differentiated&#44; or poorly differentiated</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0105"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mitotic rate &#40;mitoses&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#44; necrosis&#44; or increased vascularity</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0110"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histologic subtype&#58; keratinizing&#44; nodular&#44; ulcerated&#44; verrucous&#44; flat&#44; clear-cell&#44; mixed &#40;if several features were present in the same tumor&#41;&#44; and other &#40;any type not on this list&#41;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0115"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">State of surrounding tissues&#58; solar elastosis&#44; in situ SCC&#44; scarring&#44; actinic keratosis</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0120"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tumor-free margins &#40;lateral and deep&#41; after excision&#44; in millimeters</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We also analyzed growth rate &#40;in millimeters per week&#41; calculated as tumor thickness or Breslow depth &#40;in millimeters&#41; divided by the time difference &#40;in weeks&#41; between the moment the patient noticed the lesion and the moment of excision&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The classification of SCC tumors as having a worse prognosis &#40;T2&#41; according to the characteristics outlined in the seventh edition of the AJCC manual<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> was first based on size &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46; Additionally&#44; smaller tumors were also classified T2 if they had at least 2 of the following characteristics&#58; location in a high-risk site &#40;ear or lips&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Fig&#46; 5</a>&#41;&#44; depth of more than 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;or Clark level<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#41;&#44; or poor differentiation&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quantitative data were analyzed for normality of distribution with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test&#46; Normally distributed data were described by the mean &#40;SD&#41; and the 95&#37;&#160;CI&#46; Nonnormally distributed data were described by the median &#40;interquartile range&#41;&#46; Qualitative values were described by percentages&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test was used for between-group comparisons of dichotomous variables expressed as percentages&#44; and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test was used to compare continuous variables&#46; Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficients were calculated to describe associations between each independent variable and the dependent variable&#46; Multivariate regression analysis was then used to confirm the independence of the factors found to correlate with high-risk SCC classification&#46; Finally&#44; logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted and crude odds ratios &#40;OR&#41; and 95&#37; CIs to clarify which factors predicted that an SCC would meet the criteria for high risk &#40;T2 classification&#41; according to the seventh AJCC staging manual&#46; Cut points were calculated based on normal values for control patients&#46; Data were expressed as mean &#40;SD&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> value &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05 was considered statistically significant in 2-tailed comparisons&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data from records for 118 patients were studied&#46; Eighty-one &#40;68&#46;8&#37;&#41; were men&#46; The mean patient age was 77&#46;6 years &#40;median &#91;interquartile range&#93;&#44; 79<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#91;13&#93;&#41;&#46; More than half &#40;77&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65&#46;3&#37;&#41; had phototype II skin&#44; and 23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#40;19&#46;5&#37;&#41; had phototype<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I skin&#46; Similar numbers of patients fell into each of the 3 sun-exposure groups&#58; 43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#40;36&#46;4&#37;&#41; reported a low level of exposure&#44; 38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#40;32&#46;2&#37;&#41; a moderate level&#44; and 37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#40;31&#46;4&#37;&#41; a high level&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most patients &#40;97&#44;&#160;81&#46;5&#37;&#41; had SCCs of 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm or less&#59; the mean growth rate was 1&#46;18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#47;wk&#46; The most common locations were the face &#40;32&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26&#46;9&#37;&#41; and scalp &#40;29&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by the ear &#40;18&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Over 70&#37; of head tumors were in these locations&#46; Keratinizing tumors &#40;50&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>42&#46;4&#37;&#41; comprised the most common morphologic type&#46; Nodular tumors were the next-largest group &#40;25&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by ulcerated tumors &#40;19&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; The mean Breslow depth&#44; indicating the maximum penetration&#44; was 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#40;2&#46;84&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; and nearly 60&#37;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#40;71&#41; had invaded the reticular dermis or subcutaneous tissue &#40;Clark levels 4 and 5&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; These characteristics are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> compares patient characteristics&#44; medical histories&#44; and substance use between patients with tumors with a better prognosis &#40;T1 classification&#41; or a worse prognosis &#40;T2&#41;&#46; Patients with T2 SCCs were older&#46; Men were more numerous than women in both groups&#44; but the proportion of men was significantly higher in the T2 group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;084&#41;&#46; The T2 group also had more smokers&#44; who also had much higher levels of smoking exposure &#40;3-fold higher proportion of smokers with &#62;20 pack-years&#41; than the smokers in the T1 group&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The average tumor growth rate was also higher in patients with class T2 tumors &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;114&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; The remaining clinical characteristics and pathologic features are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0015">Tables 3 and 4</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0025">Tables 5 and 6</a> show the results of initial and multivariate risk analysis&#46; Age was associated with developing a class T2 SCC&#44; and risk increased by age tertile &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#41;&#46; Risk was 4-fold higher in the oldest group of patients &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years&#41; &#40;OR&#44; 4&#46;48&#59; 95&#37;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CI&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;48&#8211;13&#46;59&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presence of peritumoral solar elastosis was also associated with T2 SCC classification &#40;OR&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;08&#41;&#44; as was location on the head or neck &#40;4&#46;12 times more frequent&#59; OR&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;38 when adjusted for age&#44; sex&#44; body mass index&#44; and sun exposure&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>&#41;&#46; We also calculated the OR for head-and-neck SCCs adjusted for the same variables but eliminating SCCs on the lip and ear to correct for selection bias&#59; that analysis confirmed that the risk that a head-and-neck location would indicate worse prognosis &#40;OR&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;90&#59; 95&#37;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CI&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;12&#8211;7&#46;49&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Higher cumulative smoking exposure &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20 pack-years&#41; also indicated higher risk &#40;OR&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;42&#41; of T2 classifiction&#44; and risk remained high when adjusted for age and sex &#40;OR&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;63&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>&#41;&#46; When lower lip SCCs were removed from the analysis to further correct for selection bias&#44; given that smoking is known to predict SCC in oral mucosa&#44; the OR increased to 4&#46;04<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#40;95&#37;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CI&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;11&#8211;14&#46;7&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Risk for T2 classification rose sharply for SCCs with higher growth rates &#40;OR&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;58 in comparison with slower growing tumors&#41; and when adjusted for age and sex the OR increased further to 5&#46;73&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discussion</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Advanced age&#44; head-and-neck location&#44; rapid growth rate&#44; and higher cumulative smoking exposure were the independent risk factors associated with T2 classification in this study of SCCs&#46;</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of SCC meeting the criteria for T2 classification according to the seventh edition of the AJCC manual<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a> was 61&#46;9&#37;&#46; A study of 257 SCCs also analyzed according to these AJCC criteria at a university medical center in the US city of St&#160;Louis found a much lower rate &#40;13&#46;9&#37;&#41; of T2 tumors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A finding we have not seen reported in the literature to date is the association we observed between T2 classification and the presence of solar elastosis in tissue surrounding the SCC&#44; although this association has been reported for melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> In our study&#44; this characteristic was associated with T2 classification&#44; but as the grading of solar elastosis had not been specified in the pathology protocol&#44; it could not be correlated with other variables&#44; such as degree of sun exposure or tumor location&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Advanced age was associated with T2 classification in this series of patients with SCC&#44; in which the average patient age was around 79 years&#44; and the group with lowest risk&#44; or most likely to have T1 SCCs&#44; were those aged under 74 years&#46; In fact&#44; on stratifying our patients into 3 age groups&#44; risk of T2 classification in the oldest tertile &#40;&#62;85 years of age&#41; was 4-fold greater than in the tertile of patients aged under 72 years&#46; As age is associated with greater immune compromise&#44; older patients are more likely to develop more aggressive tumors&#44; an interpretation consistent with the findings of Corbal&#225;n-V&#233;lez et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">How SCC location is related to higher risk of poor prognosis is currently much discussed&#59; the only sites the AJCC considers high risk are the lip and ear&#44; whereas other expert committees place all head-and-neck tumors in this risk category&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> In fact there are multiple publications reporting data on prognosis and survival that focus only on SCCs in this region&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#8211;26</span></a> T2 classification remained strongly associated with a head-and-neck location in our series&#44; even after we adjusted for possible confounders &#40;such as tumors on the lip or ear&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">SCCs with the highest growth rate of over 1&#46;5 mm&#183;wk<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span> were 4-fold more likely to be classified as T2 tumors&#46; This finding is consistent with data presented by Martorell et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> at the Spanish national dermatology society&#39;s 42nd National Conference of Dermatology and Venereology&#46; Those authors observed that SCCs with growth rates of 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#47;mo were high-risk variants&#46; Our results were very similar&#58; high-risk was associated with a growth rate over 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#47;mo&#44; even when we adjusted for other characteristics when looking at the association&#46;</p><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our data confirmed that smoking is related to T2 SCC classification&#46; Although smoking has traditionally been linked to higher incidences of SCC&#44; as we mentioned in our introduction&#44; cohort studies published in recent years<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29</span></a> have been unable to find an association between SCC and smoking intensity or duration&#59; nor has system of nicotine delivery been associated with risk&#46; In our study&#44; however&#44; T2 SCC classification was associated with higher cumulative exposure &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pack-years&#41;&#44; as confirmed by multivariate analysis&#46;</p><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We found no associations between the presence of high-risk SCC classification and degree of sun exposure&#44; sex&#44; skin phototype&#44; or the presence of such concomitant conditions as hypertension&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; dyslipidemia&#44; or metabolic syndrome&#59; we think this lack of association suggests that these characteristics do not influence prognosis in SCC&#46;</p><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given SCC&#39;s high prevalence and associated complications&#44; and the consequent public health importance of this disease&#44; patients whose tumors can be predicted to behave more aggressively should be identified so that optimal management and careful follow-up can be implemented&#46; Few studies like this one&#44; aiming to define the relevant characteristics and risk factors associated with aggressive SCCs&#44; have been done to date&#46;</p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The limitations of our study are those inherent to any observational analysis&#58; assessments of patient exposures and relevant events took place at specific moments&#44; and some exposures or other assessments&#8212;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; smoking&#44; sun exposure&#44; time the lesion was first noticed&#8212;were estimated by the patients themselves&#46; A degree of subjective judgement&#44; therefore&#44; was involved&#46;</p><p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Because of the high prevalence of SCCs meeting the seventh-edition AJCC criteria for T2 &#40;high-risk&#41; staging&#44; we wonder whether these criteria might not be overly broad&#46; Therefore&#44; we think that related risk factors should be explored further and that cohort studies should be undertaken to provide information on medium- to long-term survival and metastatic activity in SCC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Ethical Disclosures</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for the purpose of this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Data confidentiality</span><p id="par0295" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they followed their hospitals&#8217; regulations regarding the publication of patient information and that written informed consent for voluntary participation was obtained for all patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0300" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the informed consent of the patients and&#47;or subjects referred to in this article&#46; The signed forms are in the possession of the corresponding author&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0305" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:11 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres586242"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Background and objective"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Patients and method"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec602107"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres586243"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n y objetivo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "Pacientes y m&#233;todo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Resultados"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec602108"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Patients and Methods"
          "secciones" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Clinical Characteristics"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Tumor Characteristics"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Results"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Ethical Disclosures"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Data confidentiality"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0050"
              "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0055"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest"
        ]
        10 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2015-01-25"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-07-05"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec602107"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "High-risk squamous cell carcinoma"
            1 => "Risk factors"
            2 => "Elderly"
            3 => "Smoking"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec602108"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Carcinoma epidermoide cut&#225;neo de alto riesgo"
            1 => "Factores de riesgo"
            2 => "Anciano"
            3 => "Tabaco"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background and objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In the latest edition of its cancer staging manual&#44; the American Joint Committee on Cancer &#40;AJCC&#41; revised the criteria for staging squamous cell carcinoma &#40;SCC&#41; by introducing high-risk tumor features to define tumor stage &#40;T&#41; and help to identify tumors with a higher risk of metastasis&#46; The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics associated with SCC meeting the high-risk criteria defined by the AJCC for T2 lesions&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Patients and method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We performed a case-case observational study in which patients with SCC were included over a period of 18 months&#46; We collected clinical&#44; anthropometric&#44; and tumor data&#44; and analyzed these using PASW Statistics &#40;SPSS&#41; version 18&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">One-hundred eighteen patients&#44; the majority of whom were men&#44; were included&#46; Mean age was 77 years&#46; Over 70&#37; of the tumors were located in the head region and a majority of tumors measured 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm or less&#46; The prevalence of SCC T2 was 61&#46;9&#37;&#46; The risk factors significantly associated with SCC T2 were an age of over 85 years &#40;odds ratio &#91;OR&#93;&#44; 4&#46;48&#41;&#44; location in the head and neck region &#40;OR&#44; 3&#46;38&#41;&#44; presence of solar elastosis in the peritumoral tissue &#40;OR&#44; 2&#46;08&#41;&#44; a higher tumor growth rate &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#183;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>wk<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#59; OR&#44; 5&#46;73&#41;&#44; and higher cumulative exposure to smoking &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pack-years&#44; OR&#44; 3&#46;63&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Advanced age&#44; location in the head and neck region&#44; presence of solar elastosis&#44; high tumor growth rate&#44; and high cumulative smoking exposure were all significantly associated with the presence of SCC T2&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Background and objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Patients and method"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n y objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En la &#250;ltima edici&#243;n del manual de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">American Joint Committee on Cancer</span> &#40;AJCC&#41; se modific&#243; la estadificaci&#243;n para el carcinoma epidermoide cut&#225;neo &#40;CEC&#41;&#44; introduciendo caracter&#237;sticas tumorales de alto riesgo que definen el estadio tumoral &#40;T&#41;&#44; con el prop&#243;sito de identificar aquellos tumores con mayor riesgo de met&#225;stasis&#46; Nuestro objetivo fue definir las caracter&#237;sticas asociadas al CEC que cumpl&#237;a criterios de alto riesgo definidos por la AJCC para ser estadio T2&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Pacientes y m&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional anal&#237;tico tipo casos-casos de 18 meses donde se han incluido pacientes con diagn&#243;stico de CEC&#46; Se recogieron datos cl&#237;nicos&#44; antropom&#233;tricos y tumorales&#46; Para el an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico se ha utilizado la versi&#243;n 18&#46;0 del programa PASW Statistics &#40;SPSS&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El n&#250;mero total de pacientes incluidos fue 118&#46; La edad media de la poblaci&#243;n fue de 77 a&#241;os&#44; con predominio del sexo masculino&#46; M&#225;s del 70&#37; de los CEC se presentaron en la regi&#243;n cef&#225;lica&#44; y la mayor&#237;a fue &#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#46; La prevalencia de CEC T2 fue del 61&#44;9&#37;&#46; Los factores de riesgo estad&#237;sticamente significativos asociados al CEC estadio T2 fueron&#58; la edad &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>85 a&#241;os&#44; OR&#58; 4&#44;48&#41;&#44; la localizaci&#243;n en la cabeza y el cuello &#40;OR 3&#44;38&#41;&#44; la presencia de elastosis solar en el tejido peritumoral &#40;OR 2&#44;08&#41;&#44; la tasa de crecimiento m&#225;s elevada &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;5 mm&#42;sem-1&#44; OR&#58; 5&#44;73&#41; y el grupo de mayor exposici&#243;n tab&#225;quica &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20 a&#241;os&#47;paquete&#59; OR&#58; 3&#44;63&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La edad avanzada&#44; la localizaci&#243;n en la cabeza y el cuello&#44; la presencia de elastosis solar&#44; la velocidad de crecimiento m&#225;s elevada y la exposici&#243;n tab&#225;quica intensa son los factores de riesgo que se asociaron a la presencia de CEC estadio T2&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n y objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Pacientes y m&#233;todo"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0050">Please cite this article as&#58; D&#237;az-Corpas T&#44; Morales-Su&#225;rez-Varela M&#44; Rausell Fontestad N&#44; Fuertes Pr&#243;sper A&#44; Marquina-Vila A&#44; Jord&#225;-Cuevas E&#46; Carcinoma epidermoide cut&#225;neo&#58; definici&#243;n de sus caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nico-patol&#243;gicas y factores de riesgo asociados en un estudio observacional de 118 pacientes&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2015&#59;106&#58;806&#8211;815&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:11 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 713
            "Ancho" => 950
            "Tamanyo" => 83859
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp&#44; formed on the scars of a childhood burn&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 708
            "Ancho" => 1500
            "Tamanyo" => 292421
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#44; Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma on the cheek&#59; and B&#44; Histologic features of the same tumor&#44; hematoxylin-eosin &#40;original magnification&#44; &#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 554
            "Ancho" => 1500
            "Tamanyo" => 204339
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#44; Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma on the lateral nasal wall&#59; and B&#44; Histologic features of the same tumor&#44; hematoxylin-eosin &#40;original magnification&#44; &#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>200&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 693
            "Ancho" => 951
            "Tamanyo" => 94776
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Large squamous cell carcinoma on the forehead&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 700
            "Ancho" => 1520
            "Tamanyo" => 168381
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Squamous cell carcinomas in locations considered high risk&#46; A&#44; External ear tumor&#46; B&#44; Lower lip tumor&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviation&#58; SCC&#44; squamous cell carcinoma&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Clinical Characteristics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean &#40;SD&#41;or n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pathologic Features&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean &#40;SD&#41;or n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Age&#44; yr</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">77&#46;64 &#40;9&#46;91&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Breslow depth&#44; mm</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;00 &#40;2&#46;84&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Male sex</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81 &#40;68&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clark level</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phototype</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23 &#40;19&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;11&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">77 &#40;65&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33 &#40;27&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;15&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48 &#40;40&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23 &#40;19&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sun exposure</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Degree of differentiation</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Low&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43 &#40;36&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Well differentiated&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81 &#40;68&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38 &#40;32&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderately differentiated&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35 &#40;29&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37 &#40;31&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Poorly differentiated&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;2&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Size&#44; cm</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Invasion</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97 &#40;81&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Perineural&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;5&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22 &#40;18&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lymphovascular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Growth rate&#44; mm&#183;wk</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#8722;1</span></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;18 &#40;1&#46;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lesions in surrounding tissue</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Location</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;5&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Face&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32 &#40;26&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Solar elastosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63 &#40;53&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ear&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;15&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Actinic keratosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26 &#40;22&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lower lip&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cheilitis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;2&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neck&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;2&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Scarring&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chest&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;8&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SCC in situ&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;5&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Back&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Several&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;11&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Arm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hand&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Leg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;6&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Scalp&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29 &#40;24&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab957283.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Fitzpatrick scale</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Bold face type marks statistically significant differences&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Studied Population of 118 Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinomas and the Pathologic Features of the Tumors&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">T1Mean &#40;SD&#41;or n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">T2Mean &#40;SD&#41;or n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">No&#46; of patients</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45 &#40;38&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73 &#40;61&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;010</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Age&#44; yr</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">74&#46;24 &#40;10&#46;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">79&#46;74 &#40;9&#46;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;003</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Men&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27 &#40;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54 &#40;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;084&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Body mass index&#44; kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;95 &#40;3&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;65 &#40;4&#46;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;698&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Waist circumference&#44; cm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">102&#46;82 &#40;9&#46;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">102&#46;27 &#40;11&#46;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;786&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29 &#40;64&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46 &#40;63&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;518&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16 &#40;35&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26 &#40;35&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;995&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dyslipidemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;31&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19 &#40;26&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;550&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Metabolic syndrome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21 &#40;47&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26 &#40;37&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;178&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Smoking exposure&#44; pack-years</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33 &#40;73&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42 &#40;57&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 pack-years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;6&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10-20 pack-hears&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;13&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;5&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20 pack-years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;11&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22 &#40;30&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;034</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phototype</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;28&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;13&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;57&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">51 &#40;69&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;13&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;16&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;129&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sun exposure</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Low&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;37&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;35&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;37&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21 &#40;28&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;24&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;35&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;397&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab957284.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Cumulative smoking&#44; calculated according to the instructions of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery &#40;SEPAR&#41;&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0015"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Fitzpatrick scale&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Bold face type marks statistically significant differences&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of Demographic and Anthropometric Characteristics&#44; Comorbidity&#44; and Smoking of Patients With T1 and T2 Squamous Cell Carcinomas&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      7 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">T1Mean &#40;SD&#41;or n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">T2Mean &#40;SD&#41;or n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Location</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ear&#47;lip&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19 &#40;26&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">41 &#40;89&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">57 &#40;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;003</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Size&#44; cm</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;06 &#40;0&#46;39&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;10 &#40;2&#46;06&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Growth rate&#44; mm&#183;wk</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8722;1</span></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;94 &#40;1&#46;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;32 &#40;1&#46;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;114&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Time since presentation&#44; mo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;37&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;23&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;1&#8211;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;22&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;27&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#8211;11&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;15&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;20&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11 &#40;24&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21 &#40;28&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;410&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Other skin lesions</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;31&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38 &#40;52&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Actinic keratosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;11&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;12&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Basal cell carcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;26&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;5&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Squamous cell carcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;6&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mixed types&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11 &#40;24&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;20&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic skin disease<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;4&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;018</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Underlying lesion</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37 &#40;82&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61 &#40;83&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Actinic keratosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;13&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11 &#40;15&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Stasis dermatitis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;4&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;270&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab957285.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0020"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030">Any chronic skin disease&#44; such as psoriasis&#44; eczema&#44; or lupus&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0035">Bold face type marks statistically significant findings&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the Clinical Characteristics of Squamous Cell Carcinomas According to Lower &#40;T1&#41; or Higher &#40;T2&#41; Risk Classification&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      8 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0155" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Bold face type marks statistically significant findings&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">T1Media &#40;SD&#41;n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">T2Media &#40;SD&#41;n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Breslow depth&#44; mm</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;48 &#40;2&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;94 &#40;2&#46;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clark level</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;21&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;5&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27 &#40;58&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;8&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;15&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">41 &#40;56&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22 &#40;30&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Associated abnormalities in surrounding tissue</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;5&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Solar elastosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19 &#40;42&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44 &#40;60&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Actinic keratosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;28&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;17&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cheilitis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Squamous cell carcinoma in situ&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;6&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mixed types&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;17&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;6&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;184&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Necrosis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;4&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;8&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;428&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Increased vascularity</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;17&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;20&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;712&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Perineural invasion</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;9&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;032</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Lymphovascular invasion</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;430&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Degree of differentiation</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Well differentiated&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37 &#40;82&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43 &#40;58&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderately differentiated&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;17&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27 &#40;37&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Poorly differentiated&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;4&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;023&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Morphology</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Keratinizing&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;40&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32 &#40;43&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Nodular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;22&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;20&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ulcerated&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;15&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;16&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Verrucous&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;15&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;5&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Flat&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;4&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Clear cells&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Several types&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;8&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;286&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab957287.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of Pathologic Features of T1 and T2 Squamous Cell Carcinomas&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      9 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age Groups &#40;Tertiles&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Odds Ratio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>72 yr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Reference&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">72&#8211;84&#46;9 yr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;0&#46;91&#8211;5&#46;51&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>85 yr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;1&#46;48&#8211;13&#46;59&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab957288.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0025"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;079&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0030"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0045"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;008&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Risk &#40;Odds Ratios&#41; for Developing SCCs With Poor Prognosis &#40;T2&#41; in Relation to Age&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      10 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0030"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>Vs&#46; other sites&#46;</p><p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>Smokers vs&#46; nonsmokers&#46;</p><p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>Faster- vs&#46; slower-growing tumors&#46;</p><p id="spar0135" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>In peritumoral tissue&#46;</p><p id="spar0140" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;011&#46;</p><p id="spar0145" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;034&#46;</p><p id="spar0150" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;006&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Risk Factor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>Head-and-neck location&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;1&#46;31&#8211;8&#46;66&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>Smoking&#44; &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20 pack-years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;1&#46;10&#8211;11&#46;96&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>Growth rate&#44; &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#183;wk<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;1&#46;64&#8211;20&#46;0&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>Solar elastosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;1&#8211;4&#46;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab957286.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Risk Factors for Developing T2 Squamous Cell Carcinoma&#58; Odds Ratios Adjusted for Age&#44; Sex&#44; Body Mass Index&#44; and Sun Exposure&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:29 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Garc&#237;a-Zuazaga"
                            1 => "S&#46;M&#46; Olbricht"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Adv Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "33"
                        "paginaFinal" => "57"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19256304"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The epidemiology of skin cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "T&#46;L&#46; Diepgen"
                            1 => "V&#46; Mahler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "146"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "6"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11966724"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mortality risk from squamous cell skin cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46;L&#46; Clayman"
                            1 => "J&#46;J&#46; Lee"
                            2 => "F&#46;C&#46; Holsinger"
                            3 => "X&#46; Zhou"
                            4 => "M&#46; Duvic"
                            5 => "A&#46;K&#46; El-Naggar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1200/JCO.2005.02.155"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "759"
                        "paginaFinal" => "765"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681519"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A systematic review of worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Lomas"
                            1 => "J&#46; Leonardi-Bee"
                            2 => "F&#46; Bath-Hextall"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10830.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "166"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1069"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1080"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22251204"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evoluci&#243;n de la incidencia del c&#225;ncer de piel en el per&#237;odo 1978-2002"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Aceituno-Madera"
                            1 => "A&#46; Buendia-Eisman"
                            2 => "S&#46; Arias-Santiago"
                            3 => "S&#46; Serrano-Ortega"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "101"
                        "paginaInicial" => "39"
                        "paginaFinal" => "46"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20109391"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ultraviolet carcinogenesis in nonmelanoma skin cancer&#46; Part I&#58; Incidence rates in relation to geographic locations and in migrant populations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Almahroos"
                            1 => "A&#46;K&#46; Kurban"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Skinmed"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "29"
                        "paginaFinal" => "35"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14724410"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Therapeutic ionizing radiation and the incidence of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma&#46; The New Hampshire Skin Cancer Study Group"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;D&#46; Lichter"
                            1 => "M&#46;R&#46; Karagas"
                            2 => "L&#46;A&#46; Mott"
                            3 => "S&#46;K&#46; Spencer"
                            4 => "T&#46;A&#46; Stukel"
                            5 => "E&#46;R&#46; Greenberg"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "136"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1007"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1011"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10926736"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenicity&#58; Genetic or epigenetic mechanisms&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46;P&#46; Simeonova"
                            1 => "M&#46;I&#46; Luster"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "281"
                        "paginaFinal" => "286"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10983894"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A case-control study of betapapillomavirus infection and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "EPI-HPV-UV-CA group"
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;M&#46; Proby"
                            1 => "C&#46;A&#46; Harwood"
                            2 => "R&#46;E&#46; Neale"
                            3 => "A&#46;C&#46; Green"
                            4 => "S&#46; Euvrard"
                            5 => "L&#46; Naldi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03589.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Transplant"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1498"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1508"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21718442"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Human papillomavirus infection and non-melanoma skin cancer in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;A&#46; Harwood"
                            1 => "T&#46; Surentehran"
                            2 => "J&#46;M&#46; McGregor"
                            3 => "P&#46;J&#46; Spink"
                            4 => "I&#46;M&#46; Leigh"
                            5 => "J&#46; Breuer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Med Virol"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "61"
                        "paginaInicial" => "289"
                        "paginaFinal" => "297"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10861635"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and human papillomavirus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Corbal&#225;n-V&#233;lez"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Ruiz-Maci&#225;"
                            2 => "C&#46; Brufau"
                            3 => "F&#46;J&#46; Carapeto"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "583"
                        "paginaFinal" => "593"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17961447"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A new American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma&#58; Creation and rationale for inclusion of tumor &#40;T&#41; characteristics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Farasat"
                            1 => "S&#46;S&#46; Yu"
                            2 => "V&#46;A&#46; Neel"
                            3 => "K&#46;S&#46; Nehal"
                            4 => "T&#46; Lardaro"
                            5 => "M&#46;C&#46; Mihm"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaad.2010.08.033"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "64"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1051"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1059"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21255868"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and other cutaneous carcinomas&#46; AJCC Cancer staging handbook"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "S&#46;B&#46; Edge"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:6 [
                        "edicion" => "7th ed"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "paginaInicial" => "359"
                        "paginaFinal" => "375"
                        "editorial" => "Springer"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "USA"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Focus issue on squamous cell carcinoma&#58; Practical concerns regarding the 7th edition AJCC staging guidelines"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Buethe"
                            1 => "C&#46; Warner"
                            2 => "J&#46; Miedler"
                            3 => "C&#46;J&#46; Cockerell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1155/2011/156391"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Skin Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "2011"
                        "paginaInicial" => "156391"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21151529"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Carcinoma epidermoide cut&#225;neo de alto riesgo"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Nu&#241;o"
                            1 => "F&#46;J&#46; Vicente"
                            2 => "F&#46; Pinedo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2011.09.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "103"
                        "paginaInicial" => "567"
                        "paginaFinal" => "578"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22261673"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Carcinoma epidermoide cut&#225;neo&#58; definiendo la variante de alto riesgo"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Martorell"
                            1 => "O&#46; Sanmart&#237;n"
                            2 => "J&#46; Cruz"
                            3 => "C&#46; Guill&#233;n"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2011.12.012"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "104"
                        "paginaInicial" => "367"
                        "paginaFinal" => "379"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23683506"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evaluation of the definitions of &#8220;high-risk&#8221; cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma using the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging criteria and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;B&#46; Chu"
                            1 => "J&#46;B&#46; Slutsky"
                            2 => "M&#46;M&#46; Dhandha"
                            3 => "B&#46;T&#46; Beal"
                            4 => "E&#46;S&#46; Armbrecht"
                            5 => "R&#46;J&#46; Walker"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1155/2014/154340"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Skin Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "2014"
                        "paginaInicial" => "154340"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25309755"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Solar elastosis in cutaneous melanoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46;T&#46; Vollmer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1309/7MHX96XH3DTY32TQ"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Clin Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "128"
                        "paginaInicial" => "260"
                        "paginaFinal" => "264"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17638660"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Elastosis solar en carcinomas espinocelulares cut&#225;neos"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Corbal&#225;n-V&#233;lez"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Ruiz-Macia"
                            2 => "C&#46; Brufau"
                            3 => "I&#46; Oviedo-Ram&#237;rez"
                            4 => "E&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Barba"
                            5 => "J&#46;M&#46; L&#243;pez-Lozano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "101"
                        "paginaInicial" => "517"
                        "paginaFinal" => "523"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20738970"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "NCCN Guidelines version 02&#46;2014&#46; Basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers&#46; National Comprehensive Cancer Network&#46; 2014&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.nccn.org/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;nccn&#46;org</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lymph node metastases from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Moore"
                            1 => "R&#46;S&#46; Weber"
                            2 => "V&#46; Prieto"
                            3 => "X&#46; Zhou"
                            4 => "M&#46; Duvic"
                            5 => "A&#46;K&#46; El-Naggar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/01.mlg.0000173202.56739.9f"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Laryngoscope"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "115"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1561"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16148695"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Carcinoma of the skin with perineural invasion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Garc&#237;a-Serra"
                            1 => "R&#46;W&#46; Hinerman"
                            2 => "W&#46;M&#46; Mendenhall"
                            3 => "R&#46;J&#46; Amdur"
                            4 => "C&#46;G&#46; Morris"
                            5 => "L&#46;S&#46; Williams"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/hed.10334"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Head Neck"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1027"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1033"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14648861"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "High-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck&#58; Results from 266 treated patients with metastatic lymph node disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Veness"
                            1 => "C&#46;E&#46; Palme"
                            2 => "G&#46;J&#46; Morgan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/cncr.21898"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "106"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2389"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2396"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16649220"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "High-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Veness"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Biomed Biotechnol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "6"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Metastatic head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma&#58; Defining a low-risk patient"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Ebrahimi"
                            1 => "J&#46;R&#46; Clark"
                            2 => "B&#46;B&#46; Lorincz"
                            3 => "C&#46;G&#46; Milross"
                            4 => "M&#46;J&#46; Veness"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/hed.21743"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Head Neck"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "34"
                        "paginaInicial" => "365"
                        "paginaFinal" => "370"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21472887"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cutaneous cell carcinoma of the head and neck"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "V&#46;V&#46; Gurudutt"
                            1 => "E&#46;M&#46; Henden"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1155/2011/502723"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Skin Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "2011"
                        "paginaInicial" => "502723"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21461387"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Martorell Calatayud A&#44; Nagore Engu&#237;danos E&#44; Alfaro A&#44; Hueso L&#44; Sanz-Motilva V&#44; Guill&#233;n Barona C&#44; et al&#46; Impacto de la velocidad de crecimiento en el pron&#243;stico del carcinoma epidermoide cut&#225;neo&#46; En&#58; AEDV2014&#46; 42 Congreso Nacional de Dermatolog&#237;a y Venereolog&#237;a&#46; Gran Canaria 2014&#46; Spain&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tobacco smoking and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma&#58; A 16-year longitudinal population-based study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46; McBride"
                            1 => "C&#46;M&#46; Olsen"
                            2 => "A&#46;C&#46; Green"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0150"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1778"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1783"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21685250"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tobacco smoking&#44; snuff dipping and the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma&#58; A nationwide cohort study in Sweden"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Odenbro"
                            1 => "R&#46; Bellocco"
                            2 => "P&#46; Boffetta"
                            3 => "B&#46; Lindelo"
                            4 => "J&#46; Adami"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/sj.bjc.6602475"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "92"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1326"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1328"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15770206"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/15782190/0000010600000010/v1_201512060022/S1578219015002644/v1_201512060022/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "6155"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original Articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15782190/0000010600000010/v1_201512060022/S1578219015002644/v1_201512060022/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219015002644?idApp=UINPBA000044"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 106. Issue 10.
Pages 806-815 (December 2015)
Visits
6315
Vol. 106. Issue 10.
Pages 806-815 (December 2015)
Original Article
Full text access
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical and Pathological Features and Associated Risk Factors in an Observational Study of 118 Patients
Carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo: definición de sus características clínico-patológicas y factores de riesgo asociados en un estudio observacional de 118 pacientes
Visits
6315
T. Díaz-Corpasa,
Corresponding author
diaz_tan@gva.es

Corresponding author.
, M. Morales-Suárez-Varelab, N. Rausell Fontestadc, A. Fuertes Próspera, A. Marquina-Vilaa, E. Jordá-Cuevasd
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
b Unidad de Salud Pública, Higiene y Sanidad Ambiental, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universitat de València, CIBERESP: CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Valencia, Spain
c Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
d Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Figures (5)
Show moreShow less
Tables (6)
Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Studied Population of 118 Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinomas and the Pathologic Features of the Tumors.
Table 2. Comparison of Demographic and Anthropometric Characteristics, Comorbidity, and Smoking of Patients With T1 and T2 Squamous Cell Carcinomas.
Table 3. Comparison of the Clinical Characteristics of Squamous Cell Carcinomas According to Lower (T1) or Higher (T2) Risk Classification.
Table 4. Comparison of Pathologic Features of T1 and T2 Squamous Cell Carcinomas.
Table 5. Risk (Odds Ratios) for Developing SCCs With Poor Prognosis (T2) in Relation to Age.
Table 6. Risk Factors for Developing T2 Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Odds Ratios Adjusted for Age, Sex, Body Mass Index, and Sun Exposure.
Show moreShow less
Abstract
Background and objective

In the latest edition of its cancer staging manual, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) revised the criteria for staging squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by introducing high-risk tumor features to define tumor stage (T) and help to identify tumors with a higher risk of metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics associated with SCC meeting the high-risk criteria defined by the AJCC for T2 lesions.

Patients and method

We performed a case-case observational study in which patients with SCC were included over a period of 18 months. We collected clinical, anthropometric, and tumor data, and analyzed these using PASW Statistics (SPSS) version 18.

Results

One-hundred eighteen patients, the majority of whom were men, were included. Mean age was 77 years. Over 70% of the tumors were located in the head region and a majority of tumors measured 2cm or less. The prevalence of SCC T2 was 61.9%. The risk factors significantly associated with SCC T2 were an age of over 85 years (odds ratio [OR], 4.48), location in the head and neck region (OR, 3.38), presence of solar elastosis in the peritumoral tissue (OR, 2.08), a higher tumor growth rate (>1.5mm·wk−1; OR, 5.73), and higher cumulative exposure to smoking (>20pack-years, OR, 3.63).

Conclusions

Advanced age, location in the head and neck region, presence of solar elastosis, high tumor growth rate, and high cumulative smoking exposure were all significantly associated with the presence of SCC T2.

Keywords:
High-risk squamous cell carcinoma
Risk factors
Elderly
Smoking
Resumen
Introducción y objetivo

En la última edición del manual de la American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) se modificó la estadificación para el carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo (CEC), introduciendo características tumorales de alto riesgo que definen el estadio tumoral (T), con el propósito de identificar aquellos tumores con mayor riesgo de metástasis. Nuestro objetivo fue definir las características asociadas al CEC que cumplía criterios de alto riesgo definidos por la AJCC para ser estadio T2.

Pacientes y método

Estudio observacional analítico tipo casos-casos de 18 meses donde se han incluido pacientes con diagnóstico de CEC. Se recogieron datos clínicos, antropométricos y tumorales. Para el análisis estadístico se ha utilizado la versión 18.0 del programa PASW Statistics (SPSS).

Resultados

El número total de pacientes incluidos fue 118. La edad media de la población fue de 77 años, con predominio del sexo masculino. Más del 70% de los CEC se presentaron en la región cefálica, y la mayoría fue ≤2cm. La prevalencia de CEC T2 fue del 61,9%. Los factores de riesgo estadísticamente significativos asociados al CEC estadio T2 fueron: la edad (>85 años, OR: 4,48), la localización en la cabeza y el cuello (OR 3,38), la presencia de elastosis solar en el tejido peritumoral (OR 2,08), la tasa de crecimiento más elevada (>1,5 mm*sem-1, OR: 5,73) y el grupo de mayor exposición tabáquica (>20 años/paquete; OR: 3,63).

Conclusiones

La edad avanzada, la localización en la cabeza y el cuello, la presencia de elastosis solar, la velocidad de crecimiento más elevada y la exposición tabáquica intensa son los factores de riesgo que se asociaron a la presencia de CEC estadio T2.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo de alto riesgo
Factores de riesgo
Anciano
Tabaco
Full Text
Introduction

In light-skinned populations, nonmelanoma skin tumors comprise the most prevalent type of cancer and their incidence is rising all over the world.1–4 Rates of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in particular have increased markedly in recent decades, by 3% to 10% per year according to some studies.1–4 In Spain, the incidence of SCC is 72 per 100000 person-years for females and 100 per 100000 person-years for males.5 SCC tumors arise in epidermal keratinocytes. The etiology is multifactorial, but the most important factor is exposure to UV radiation (from sunlight, psoralen-UV-A therapy, or tanning booths).6 Other relevant factors that favor the development of SCC are exposure to ionizing radiation7; contact with chemicals such as pesticides, tar, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; and exposure to arsenic.8 Immunocompromised patients also have higher rates of SCC, and their tumors behave more aggressively and have a greater tendency to metastasize than tumors in the general population. Recipients of solid-organ transplants (such as a heart or kidney) are especially at risk. Human papilloma virus infection has been linked to the pathogenesis of SCC; particularly implicated are Betapapillomavirus species, which infect nonmucosal cutaneous tissues and are more prevalent in immunocompromised patients.9–11 Prior history of an inflammatory lesion, dermatitis, long-established wounds or ulcers, or another skin tumor are also considered risk factors for SCC.

The seventh (2010) edition of the staging manual of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) introduced important new instructions for SCC staging in the interest of offering more useful prognostic information and therefore providing better guidance on treatment.12–14 One important change was that SCC was distinguished from the set of other nonmelanoma skin cancers such as basal cell and Merkel cell carcinomas. Under the new system, other important factors in addition to tumor size (>2cm) are taken into account. Examples are depth over 2mm and the extent of deep structure involvement (Clark level ≥4), location in a high-risk site (ear or lip), or grade (poorly differentiated). If a tumor meets 2 or more of these high-risk criteria it is shifted to a higher T class than would apply based on size alone, and the prognosis would therefore be worse. However, even though prognosis is more accurate under this staging system, other predictors of high risk that are associated with higher rates of recurrence and metastasis are not included; examples are the presence of lymphovascular invasion, immunosuppression, history of a lesion in the same area, and location in high-risk sites other than the ear or lip.15,16

Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of SCC meeting these AJCC criteria for high risk in a patient series and to explore associated factors.

Patients and Methods

This observational study analyzed data gathered for cases and controls. After our hospital's ethics committee approved the study in July 2012, recruitment took place in the dermatology department over a period of 18 months.

The inclusion criteria were as follows: diagnosis of SCC, age over 18 years, written informed consent, and under treatment by physicians in our department in a Mediterranean coastal area with 379000 inhabitants in eastern Spain.

Patients with SCC were excluded if they declined to participate, died before treatment of the tumor, or had a firm or suspected diagnosis of any genetic condition linked to skin cancer. Samples with flaws that could not be processed, and genital mucosal SCCs were also excluded.

The following information was recorded during the first visit or taken from the patient's chart if available.

Clinical Characteristics

  • -

    Sex and age

  • -

    Regular sun exposure, considering years of regular occupational or recreational exposure, on 3 levels:

    • Low: occasional, exposure that is mainly recreational and not prolonged

    • Moderate: occupational exposure of less than 15 years’ duration or recreational exposure of less than 3hours per day, mainly in the summer

    • High: occupational exposure longer than 15 years’ duration or summer recreational exposure averaging over 3hours per day or maintained for long periods

  • -

    Phototype I-VI (Fitzpatrick scale)

  • -

    Smoking, classified according to the instructions of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) for calculating pack-years of exposure as follows: number of cigarettes per day, multiplied by years of smoking, divided by 20. We considered that fewer than 9 pack-years indicated light smoking exposure; between 10 and 20, moderate exposure, and more than 20, high exposure.

  • -

    Alcohol (units/day) and drug use (number of drugs and type)

  • -

    Body mass index (kg/m2)

  • -

    Chronic comorbidity (e.g., dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, inflammatory disorders)

  • -

    Primary or secondary immunosuppression: blood disorders, immunosuppressant treatment, human immunodeficiency virus infection, transplantation, etc.

  • -

    History of dermatologic disease: actinic keratosis, SCC in situ (Bowen disease), nonmelanoma skin cancer

  • -

    Exposure to carcinogens such as arsenic, coal tar products, ionizing radiation

  • -

    Prior lesions in the region of the tumor (e.g., chronic ulcers or burns) (Fig. 1), actinic keratosis, or nonmelanoma skin cancer

    Figure 1.

    Squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp, formed on the scars of a childhood burn.

    (0.08MB).
  • -

    Time in months since the patient noticed the lesion until it was excised

  • -

    Tumor location: center of the face, ear, lips, scalp, back, chest, abdomen, arms, hands, legs, or feet. For descriptive statistics we grouped tumors by regions considered to confer high risk according to the AJCC manual. In the multivariate analysis head-and-neck tumors were compared to any other location.

Tumor Characteristics

Histologic features recorded by the pathologists were analyzed. The protocol of the seventh edition of the AJCC manual was used to classify tumors. Data collected were as follows:

  • -

    Tumor size in centimeters

  • -

    Tumor depth (Clark level and Breslow depth in millimeters)

  • -

    Presence or not of perineural or lymphovascular invasion

  • -

    Cell differentiation (Figs. 2 and 3): well differentiated, moderately differentiated, or poorly differentiated

    Figure 2.

    A, Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma on the cheek; and B, Histologic features of the same tumor, hematoxylin-eosin (original magnification, ×100).

    (0.28MB).
    Figure 3.

    A, Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma on the lateral nasal wall; and B, Histologic features of the same tumor, hematoxylin-eosin (original magnification, ×200).

    (0.19MB).
  • -

    Mitotic rate (mitoses/mm2), necrosis, or increased vascularity

  • -

    Histologic subtype: keratinizing, nodular, ulcerated, verrucous, flat, clear-cell, mixed (if several features were present in the same tumor), and other (any type not on this list)

  • -

    State of surrounding tissues: solar elastosis, in situ SCC, scarring, actinic keratosis

  • -

    Tumor-free margins (lateral and deep) after excision, in millimeters

We also analyzed growth rate (in millimeters per week) calculated as tumor thickness or Breslow depth (in millimeters) divided by the time difference (in weeks) between the moment the patient noticed the lesion and the moment of excision.

The classification of SCC tumors as having a worse prognosis (T2) according to the characteristics outlined in the seventh edition of the AJCC manual13 was first based on size (>2cm) (Fig. 4). Additionally, smaller tumors were also classified T2 if they had at least 2 of the following characteristics: location in a high-risk site (ear or lips) (Fig. 5), depth of more than 2mm (or Clark level4), or poor differentiation.

Figure 4.

Large squamous cell carcinoma on the forehead.

(0.09MB).
Figure 5.

Squamous cell carcinomas in locations considered high risk. A, External ear tumor. B, Lower lip tumor.

(0.16MB).

Quantitative data were analyzed for normality of distribution with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Normally distributed data were described by the mean (SD) and the 95% CI. Nonnormally distributed data were described by the median (interquartile range). Qualitative values were described by percentages.

The χ2 test was used for between-group comparisons of dichotomous variables expressed as percentages, and the t test was used to compare continuous variables. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to describe associations between each independent variable and the dependent variable. Multivariate regression analysis was then used to confirm the independence of the factors found to correlate with high-risk SCC classification. Finally, logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted and crude odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs to clarify which factors predicted that an SCC would meet the criteria for high risk (T2 classification) according to the seventh AJCC staging manual. Cut points were calculated based on normal values for control patients. Data were expressed as mean (SD).

A P value <.05 was considered statistically significant in 2-tailed comparisons.

Results

Data from records for 118 patients were studied. Eighty-one (68.8%) were men. The mean patient age was 77.6 years (median [interquartile range], 79[13]). More than half (77,65.3%) had phototype II skin, and 23(19.5%) had phototypeI skin. Similar numbers of patients fell into each of the 3 sun-exposure groups: 43(36.4%) reported a low level of exposure, 38(32.2%) a moderate level, and 37(31.4%) a high level.

Most patients (97, 81.5%) had SCCs of 2cm or less; the mean growth rate was 1.18mm/wk. The most common locations were the face (32,26.9%) and scalp (29,24.4%), followed by the ear (18,15.1%). Over 70% of head tumors were in these locations. Keratinizing tumors (50,42.4%) comprised the most common morphologic type. Nodular tumors were the next-largest group (25,21.2%), followed by ulcerated tumors (19,9.3%). The mean Breslow depth, indicating the maximum penetration, was 4(2.84)mm, and nearly 60%(71) had invaded the reticular dermis or subcutaneous tissue (Clark levels 4 and 5, respectively). These characteristics are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Studied Population of 118 Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinomas and the Pathologic Features of the Tumors.

Clinical Characteristics  Mean (SD)or n (%)  Pathologic Features  Mean (SD)or n (%) 
Age, yr  77.64 (9.91)  Breslow depth, mm  4.00 (2.84) 
Male sex  81 (68.6)  Clark level   
Phototypea    1 (0.8) 
23 (19.5)  II  14 (11.8) 
II  77 (65.3)  III  33 (27.7) 
III  18 (15,3)  IV  48 (40.3) 
IV  0 (0.0)  23 (19.3) 
Sun exposure    Degree of differentiation   
Low  43 (36.4)  Well differentiated  81 (68.1) 
Moderate  38 (32.2)  Moderately differentiated  35 (29.4) 
High  37 (31.4)  Poorly differentiated  3 (2.5) 
Size, cm    Invasion   
97 (81.5)  Perineural  7 (5.9) 
>22 (18.5)  Lymphovascular  1 (0.8) 
Growth rate, mm·wk−1  1.18 (1.25)  Lesions in surrounding tissue   
Location    None  7 (5.9) 
Face  32 (26.9)  Solar elastosis  63 (53.4) 
Ear  18 (15.1)  Actinic keratosis  26 (22.0) 
Lower lip  5 (5)  Cheilitis  3 (2.5) 
Neck  3 (2.5)  Scarring  0 (0.0) 
Chest  10 (8.4)  SCC in situ  6 (5.1) 
Back  1 (0.8)  Several  13 (11.0) 
Arm  6 (5)     
Hand  6 (5)     
Leg  8 (6.7)     
Scalp  29 (24.4)     

Abbreviation: SCC, squamous cell carcinoma.

a

Fitzpatrick scale

Bold face type marks statistically significant differences.

Table 2 compares patient characteristics, medical histories, and substance use between patients with tumors with a better prognosis (T1 classification) or a worse prognosis (T2). Patients with T2 SCCs were older. Men were more numerous than women in both groups, but the proportion of men was significantly higher in the T2 group (P=.084). The T2 group also had more smokers, who also had much higher levels of smoking exposure (3-fold higher proportion of smokers with >20 pack-years) than the smokers in the T1 group.

Table 2.

Comparison of Demographic and Anthropometric Characteristics, Comorbidity, and Smoking of Patients With T1 and T2 Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

  T1Mean (SD)or n (%)  T2Mean (SD)or n (%)  P Value 
No. of patients  45 (38.1)  73 (61.9)  .010 
Age, yr  74.24 (10.37)  79.74 (9.07)  .003 
Men  27 (60)  54 (74)  .084 
Body mass index, kg/m2  27.95 (3.26)  27.65 (4.54)  .698 
Waist circumference, cm  102.82 (9.27)  102.27 (11.41)  .786 
Hypertension  29 (64.4)  46 (63.0)  .518 
Diabetes  16 (35.6)  26 (35.6)  .995 
Dyslipidemia  14 (31.1)  19 (26.0)  .550 
Metabolic syndrome  21 (47.7)  26 (37.1)  .178 
Smoking exposure, pack-yearsa       
None  33 (73.3)  42 (57.5)   
<10 pack-years  1 (2.2)  5 (6.8)   
10-20 pack-hears  6 (13.3)  4 (5.5)   
>20 pack-years  5 (11.1)  22 (30.1)  .034 
Phototypeb
13 (28.9)  10 (13.7)   
II  26 (57.8)  51 (69.9)   
III  6 (13.3)  12 (16.4)  .129 
Sun exposure
Low  17 (37.8)  26 (35.6)   
Moderate  17 (37.8)  21 (28.8)   
High  11 (24.4)  26 (35.6)  .397 
a

Cumulative smoking, calculated according to the instructions of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR).

b

Fitzpatrick scale.

Bold face type marks statistically significant differences.

The average tumor growth rate was also higher in patients with class T2 tumors (P=.114) (Table 3). The remaining clinical characteristics and pathologic features are summarized in Tables 3 and 4.

Table 3.

Comparison of the Clinical Characteristics of Squamous Cell Carcinomas According to Lower (T1) or Higher (T2) Risk Classification.

  T1Mean (SD)or n (%)  T2Mean (SD)or n (%)  P Value 
Location
Ear/lip  5 (10.9)  19 (26.0)   
Other  41 (89.1)  57 (74)  .003 
Size, cm  1.06 (0.39)  2.10 (2.06)  .001 
Growth rate, mm·wk−1  0.94 (1.24)  1.32 (1.24)  .114 
Time since presentation, mo
17 (37.8)  17 (23.3)   
2.1–4  10 (22.2)  20 (27.4)   
4–11.9  7 (15.6)  15 (20.5)   
12  11 (24.4)  21 (28.8)  0.410 
Other skin lesions
None  14 (31.1)  38 (52.1)   
Actinic keratosis  5 (11.1)  9 (12.3)   
Basal cell carcinoma  12 (26.7)  4 (5.5)   
Squamous cell carcinoma  1 (2.2)  5 (6.8)   
Mixed types  11 (24.4)  15 (20.5)   
Chronic skin diseasea  2 (4.4)  2 (2.7)  .018 
Underlying lesion
None  37 (82.2)  61 (83.6)   
Actinic keratosis  6 (13.3)  11 (15.1)   
Stasis dermatitis  2 (4.4)   
Other  1 (1.4)  .270 
a

Any chronic skin disease, such as psoriasis, eczema, or lupus.

Bold face type marks statistically significant findings.

Table 4.

Comparison of Pathologic Features of T1 and T2 Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

  T1Media (SD)n (%)  T2Media (SD)n (%)  P Value 
Breslow depth, mm  2.48 (2.26)  4.94 (2.78)  .001 
Clark level
1 (2.2)  0 (0.0)   
II  10 (21.7)  4 (5.5)   
III  27 (58.7)  6 (8.2)   
IV  7 (15.2)  41 (56.2)   
1 (2.2)  22 (30.1)  .001 
Associated abnormalities in surrounding tissue
None  3 (6.7)  4 (5.7)   
Solar elastosis  19 (42.2)  44 (60.3)   
Actinic keratosis  13 (28.9)  13 (17.8)   
Cheilitis  1 (2.2)  2 (2.7)   
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ  1 (2.2)  5 (6.8)   
Mixed types  8 (17.8)  5 (6.8)  .184 
Necrosis  2 (4.4)  6 (8.2)  .428 
Increased vascularity  8 (17.8)  15 (20.5)  .712 
Perineural invasion  0 (0.0)  7 (9.6)  .032 
Lymphovascular invasion  0 (0.0)  1 (1.4)  .430 
Degree of differentiation
Well differentiated  37 (82.2)  43 (58.9)   
Moderately differentiated  8 (17.8)  27 (37.0)   
Poorly differentiated  0 (0.0)  3 (4.1)  .023 
Morphology
Keratinizing  18 (40.0)  32 (43.8)   
Nodular  10 (22.2)  15 (20.5)   
Ulcerated  7 (15.6)  12 (16.4)   
Verrucous  7 (15.6)  4 (5.5)   
Flat  2 (4.4)  1 (1.4)   
Clear cells  0 (0.0)  1 (1.4)   
Several types  0 (0.0)  6 (8.2)   
Other  1 (2.2)  2 (2.7)  .286 

Bold face type marks statistically significant findings.

Tables 5 and 6 show the results of initial and multivariate risk analysis. Age was associated with developing a class T2 SCC, and risk increased by age tertile (Table 5). Risk was 4-fold higher in the oldest group of patients (≥85years) (OR, 4.48; 95%CI,1.48–13.59).

Table 5.

Risk (Odds Ratios) for Developing SCCs With Poor Prognosis (T2) in Relation to Age.

Age Groups (Tertiles)  Odds Ratio  (95% CI) 
<72 yr  Reference   
72–84.9 yr  2.24  (0.91–5.51)a 
85 yr  4.48  (1.48–13.59)b 
a

P=.079.

b

P=.008.

Table 6.

Risk Factors for Developing T2 Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Odds Ratios Adjusted for Age, Sex, Body Mass Index, and Sun Exposure.

Risk Factor  OR  (95% CI) 
aHead-and-neck location  3.38  (1.31–8.66)e 
bSmoking, >20 pack-years  3.63  (1.10–11.96)f 
cGrowth rate, >1.5mm·wk−1  5.73  (1.64–20.0)g 
dSolar elastosis  2.08  (1–4.42) 

aVs. other sites.

bSmokers vs. nonsmokers.

cFaster- vs. slower-growing tumors.

dIn peritumoral tissue.

eP=.011.

fP=.034.

gP=.006.

The presence of peritumoral solar elastosis was also associated with T2 SCC classification (OR,2.08), as was location on the head or neck (4.12 times more frequent; OR,3.38 when adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and sun exposure) (Table 6). We also calculated the OR for head-and-neck SCCs adjusted for the same variables but eliminating SCCs on the lip and ear to correct for selection bias; that analysis confirmed that the risk that a head-and-neck location would indicate worse prognosis (OR,2.90; 95%CI,1.12–7.49).

Higher cumulative smoking exposure (>20 pack-years) also indicated higher risk (OR,3.42) of T2 classifiction, and risk remained high when adjusted for age and sex (OR,3.63) (Table 6). When lower lip SCCs were removed from the analysis to further correct for selection bias, given that smoking is known to predict SCC in oral mucosa, the OR increased to 4.04(95%CI,1.11–14.7).

Risk for T2 classification rose sharply for SCCs with higher growth rates (OR,4.58 in comparison with slower growing tumors) and when adjusted for age and sex the OR increased further to 5.73.

Discussion

Advanced age, head-and-neck location, rapid growth rate, and higher cumulative smoking exposure were the independent risk factors associated with T2 classification in this study of SCCs.

The prevalence of SCC meeting the criteria for T2 classification according to the seventh edition of the AJCC manual12,13 was 61.9%. A study of 257 SCCs also analyzed according to these AJCC criteria at a university medical center in the US city of St Louis found a much lower rate (13.9%) of T2 tumors.17

A finding we have not seen reported in the literature to date is the association we observed between T2 classification and the presence of solar elastosis in tissue surrounding the SCC, although this association has been reported for melanoma.18 In our study, this characteristic was associated with T2 classification, but as the grading of solar elastosis had not been specified in the pathology protocol, it could not be correlated with other variables, such as degree of sun exposure or tumor location.19

Advanced age was associated with T2 classification in this series of patients with SCC, in which the average patient age was around 79 years, and the group with lowest risk, or most likely to have T1 SCCs, were those aged under 74 years. In fact, on stratifying our patients into 3 age groups, risk of T2 classification in the oldest tertile (>85 years of age) was 4-fold greater than in the tertile of patients aged under 72 years. As age is associated with greater immune compromise, older patients are more likely to develop more aggressive tumors, an interpretation consistent with the findings of Corbalán-Vélez et al.19

How SCC location is related to higher risk of poor prognosis is currently much discussed; the only sites the AJCC considers high risk are the lip and ear, whereas other expert committees place all head-and-neck tumors in this risk category.20 In fact there are multiple publications reporting data on prognosis and survival that focus only on SCCs in this region.21–26 T2 classification remained strongly associated with a head-and-neck location in our series, even after we adjusted for possible confounders (such as tumors on the lip or ear).

SCCs with the highest growth rate of over 1.5 mm·wk−1 were 4-fold more likely to be classified as T2 tumors. This finding is consistent with data presented by Martorell et al.27 at the Spanish national dermatology society's 42nd National Conference of Dermatology and Venereology. Those authors observed that SCCs with growth rates of 5mm/mo were high-risk variants. Our results were very similar: high-risk was associated with a growth rate over 6mm/mo, even when we adjusted for other characteristics when looking at the association.

Our data confirmed that smoking is related to T2 SCC classification. Although smoking has traditionally been linked to higher incidences of SCC, as we mentioned in our introduction, cohort studies published in recent years28,29 have been unable to find an association between SCC and smoking intensity or duration; nor has system of nicotine delivery been associated with risk. In our study, however, T2 SCC classification was associated with higher cumulative exposure (>20pack-years), as confirmed by multivariate analysis.

We found no associations between the presence of high-risk SCC classification and degree of sun exposure, sex, skin phototype, or the presence of such concomitant conditions as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, or metabolic syndrome; we think this lack of association suggests that these characteristics do not influence prognosis in SCC.

Given SCC's high prevalence and associated complications, and the consequent public health importance of this disease, patients whose tumors can be predicted to behave more aggressively should be identified so that optimal management and careful follow-up can be implemented. Few studies like this one, aiming to define the relevant characteristics and risk factors associated with aggressive SCCs, have been done to date.

The limitations of our study are those inherent to any observational analysis: assessments of patient exposures and relevant events took place at specific moments, and some exposures or other assessments—e.g., smoking, sun exposure, time the lesion was first noticed—were estimated by the patients themselves. A degree of subjective judgement, therefore, was involved.

Because of the high prevalence of SCCs meeting the seventh-edition AJCC criteria for T2 (high-risk) staging, we wonder whether these criteria might not be overly broad. Therefore, we think that related risk factors should be explored further and that cohort studies should be undertaken to provide information on medium- to long-term survival and metastatic activity in SCC.

Ethical DisclosuresProtection of human and animal subjects

The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for the purpose of this study.

Data confidentiality

The authors declare that they followed their hospitals’ regulations regarding the publication of patient information and that written informed consent for voluntary participation was obtained for all patients.

Right to privacy and informed consent

The authors have obtained the informed consent of the patients and/or subjects referred to in this article. The signed forms are in the possession of the corresponding author.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References
[1]
J. García-Zuazaga, S.M. Olbricht.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Adv Dermatol, 24 (2008), pp. 33-57
[2]
T.L. Diepgen, V. Mahler.
The epidemiology of skin cancer.
Br J Dermatol, 146 (2002), pp. 1-6
[3]
G.L. Clayman, J.J. Lee, F.C. Holsinger, X. Zhou, M. Duvic, A.K. El-Naggar, et al.
Mortality risk from squamous cell skin cancer.
J Clin Oncol, 23 (2005), pp. 759-765
[4]
A. Lomas, J. Leonardi-Bee, F. Bath-Hextall.
A systematic review of worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer.
Br J Dermatol, 166 (2012), pp. 1069-1080
[5]
P. Aceituno-Madera, A. Buendia-Eisman, S. Arias-Santiago, S. Serrano-Ortega.
Evolución de la incidencia del cáncer de piel en el período 1978-2002.
Actas Dermosifiliogr, 101 (2010), pp. 39-46
[6]
M. Almahroos, A.K. Kurban.
Ultraviolet carcinogenesis in nonmelanoma skin cancer. Part I: Incidence rates in relation to geographic locations and in migrant populations.
Skinmed, 3 (2004), pp. 29-35
[7]
M.D. Lichter, M.R. Karagas, L.A. Mott, S.K. Spencer, T.A. Stukel, E.R. Greenberg.
Therapeutic ionizing radiation and the incidence of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The New Hampshire Skin Cancer Study Group.
Arch Dermatol, 136 (2000), pp. 1007-1011
[8]
P.P. Simeonova, M.I. Luster.
Mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenicity: Genetic or epigenetic mechanisms?.
J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 19 (2000), pp. 281-286
[9]
C.M. Proby, C.A. Harwood, R.E. Neale, A.C. Green, S. Euvrard, L. Naldi, EPI-HPV-UV-CA group, et al.
A case-control study of betapapillomavirus infection and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients.
Am J Transplant, 11 (2011), pp. 1498-1508
[10]
C.A. Harwood, T. Surentehran, J.M. McGregor, P.J. Spink, I.M. Leigh, J. Breuer, et al.
Human papillomavirus infection and non-melanoma skin cancer in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals.
J Med Virol, 61 (2000), pp. 289-297
[11]
R. Corbalán-Vélez, J.A. Ruiz-Maciá, C. Brufau, F.J. Carapeto.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and human papillomavirus.
Actas Dermosifiliogr, 98 (2007), pp. 583-593
[12]
S. Farasat, S.S. Yu, V.A. Neel, K.S. Nehal, T. Lardaro, M.C. Mihm.
A new American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Creation and rationale for inclusion of tumor (T) characteristics.
J Am Acad Dermatol, 64 (2011), pp. 1051-1059
[13]
S.B. Edge.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and other cutaneous carcinomas. AJCC Cancer staging handbook.
7th ed, Springer, (2010), pp. 359-375
[14]
D. Buethe, C. Warner, J. Miedler, C.J. Cockerell.
Focus issue on squamous cell carcinoma: Practical concerns regarding the 7th edition AJCC staging guidelines.
J Skin Cancer, 2011 (2011), pp. 156391
[15]
A. Nuño, F.J. Vicente, F. Pinedo.
Carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo de alto riesgo.
Actas Dermosifiliogr, 103 (2012), pp. 567-578
[16]
A. Martorell, O. Sanmartín, J. Cruz, C. Guillén.
Carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo: definiendo la variante de alto riesgo.
Actas Dermosifiliogr, 104 (2013), pp. 367-379
[17]
M.B. Chu, J.B. Slutsky, M.M. Dhandha, B.T. Beal, E.S. Armbrecht, R.J. Walker, et al.
Evaluation of the definitions of “high-risk” cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma using the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging criteria and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines.
J Skin Cancer, 2014 (2014), pp. 154340
[18]
R.T. Vollmer.
Solar elastosis in cutaneous melanoma.
Am J Clin Pathol, 128 (2007), pp. 260-264
[19]
R. Corbalán-Vélez, J.A. Ruiz-Macia, C. Brufau, I. Oviedo-Ramírez, E. Martínez-Barba, J.M. López-Lozano, et al.
Elastosis solar en carcinomas espinocelulares cutáneos.
Actas Dermosifiliogr, 101 (2010), pp. 517-523
[20]
NCCN Guidelines version 02.2014. Basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 2014. Available from: http://www.nccn.org.
[21]
B. Moore, R.S. Weber, V. Prieto, X. Zhou, M. Duvic, A.K. El-Naggar, et al.
Lymph node metastases from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
[22]
A. García-Serra, R.W. Hinerman, W.M. Mendenhall, R.J. Amdur, C.G. Morris, L.S. Williams, et al.
Carcinoma of the skin with perineural invasion.
Head Neck, 25 (2003), pp. 1027-1033
[23]
M.J. Veness, C.E. Palme, G.J. Morgan.
High-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Results from 266 treated patients with metastatic lymph node disease.
Cancer, 106 (2006), pp. 2389-2396
[24]
M.J. Veness.
High-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
J Biomed Biotechnol, 3 (2007), pp. 1-6
[25]
A. Ebrahimi, J.R. Clark, B.B. Lorincz, C.G. Milross, M.J. Veness.
Metastatic head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Defining a low-risk patient.
Head Neck, 34 (2012), pp. 365-370
[26]
V.V. Gurudutt, E.M. Henden.
Cutaneous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
J Skin Cancer, 2011 (2011), pp. 502723
[27]
Martorell Calatayud A, Nagore Enguídanos E, Alfaro A, Hueso L, Sanz-Motilva V, Guillén Barona C, et al. Impacto de la velocidad de crecimiento en el pronóstico del carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo. En: AEDV2014. 42 Congreso Nacional de Dermatología y Venereología. Gran Canaria 2014. Spain.
[28]
P. McBride, C.M. Olsen, A.C. Green.
Tobacco smoking and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A 16-year longitudinal population-based study.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 20 (2011), pp. 1778-1783
[29]
A. Odenbro, R. Bellocco, P. Boffetta, B. Lindelo, J. Adami.
Tobacco smoking, snuff dipping and the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A nationwide cohort study in Sweden.
Br J Cancer, 92 (2005), pp. 1326-1328

Please cite this article as: Díaz-Corpas T, Morales-Suárez-Varela M, Rausell Fontestad N, Fuertes Prósper A, Marquina-Vila A, Jordá-Cuevas E. Carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo: definición de sus características clínico-patológicas y factores de riesgo asociados en un estudio observacional de 118 pacientes. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106:806–815.

Copyright © 2015. Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV
Download PDF
Idiomas
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?