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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Actinic keratoses &#40;AKs&#41; are common cutaneous lesions that develop as a result of ultraviolet &#40;UV&#41; radiation damage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Risk factors associated with AKs include advanced age&#44; male gender&#44; high degree of sun and&#47;or artificial UV exposure&#44; and fair skin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Epidemiological studies within Europe are limited and have provided highly variable estimates of AK point prevalence &#40;1&#8211;38&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;6</span></a> Cumulative sun exposure&#44; demographic AK risk factors&#44; and lifestyle characteristics have likely contributed to the wide-ranging estimate of European AK prevalence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comprehensive studies that measure nationwide AK prevalence within Europe would provide essential information that would aid the development of pragmatic AK management guidelines&#46; The aim of the EPIQA study was to assess the prevalence of AKs among dermatology outpatient clinics in Spain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In this analysis&#44; we report the secondary objective of describing dermatology outpatient clinic AK prevalence within four regions of Spain with different climate conditions&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The EPIQA study was an observational&#44; cross-sectional&#44; multicentre study that included patients attending general dermatology outpatient clinics in Spain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In order to represent the entire country&#44; clinics were selected and divided into four geographical regions based on climatic conditions and lifestyle&#58; Northern &#40;Galicia&#44; Asturias&#44;Navarra and Arag&#243;n&#41;&#44; Central &#40;Castilla-Le&#243;n&#44; Madrid&#44; and Castilla-La-Mancha&#41;&#44; Mediterranean &#40;Catalu&#241;a&#44; Comunidad Valenciana and Murcia&#41; and Southern &#40;Extremadura and Andaluc&#237;a&#41; regions&#46; Whole-body examinations were performed by certified dermatologists who visually confirmed AKs&#46; Medical history&#44; profession&#44; and sun&#47;UV exposure habits were collected via standardised interviews&#46; Statistical analysis have been previously described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 3877 patients were included with characteristics shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Overall&#44; age and sex were similar between regions&#46; Age distributions were also similar between regions&#44; with ages 45&#8211;50 representing 11&#46;9&#37; and &#62;80 years old representing 14&#46;0&#37; of the population&#46; Actinic keratosis being the reason for the dermatology consultation varied from 15&#46;9&#37; to 23&#46;3&#37;&#46; Most patients reported low occupational but moderate recreational sun exposure&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the study population&#44; 1110 presented with AKs &#40;28&#46;6&#37;&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 27&#46;2&#44; 30&#46;1&#41;&#46; AK point prevalence &#40;95&#37; CI&#41; differed significantly between regions&#44; with 31&#46;4&#37; &#40;29&#46;1&#44; 33&#46;7&#41; in the Mediterranean&#44; 28&#46;1&#37; &#40;24&#46;5&#44; 31&#46;7&#41; in the South&#44; 27&#46;5&#37; &#40;24&#46;4&#44; 30&#46;6&#41; in the North and 24&#46;9&#37; &#40;22&#46;0&#44; 27&#46;8&#41; in the Central region &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;006&#41;&#46; The most significant difference in prevalence was observed between Central and Mediterranean regions &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; Communities with the highest AK point prevalence were located in the Northern &#40;Arag&#243;n&#44; 39&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; Mediterranean &#40;Catalu&#241;a&#44; 40&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; and Southern &#40;Extremadura&#44; 36&#46;6&#37;&#41; regions&#46; Point prevalence was highest in men aged &#8805;51 years old &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A comparison of patients diagnosed with AK found a significant difference between regional skin phototypes and no difference between regional history of non-melanoma skin cancer &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; In all regions&#44; the most prevalent phototypes were types II and III&#44; which cumulatively accounted for 80&#8211;90&#37; of all AK patients&#46; A significantly higher proportion of AK patients in all regions reported that AKs were the reason for consultation&#44; compared to other reasons &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;006&#41;&#46; Significant regional differences were observed when related to occupational &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; but not to recreational &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;267&#41;&#44; sun exposure &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The distribution of anatomical areas with AK lesions was similar between regions and&#44; in general&#44; significantly more frequently reported on the face for women and the scalp and ears for men &#40;Supplementary Table 1&#41;&#46; A comparison of the number of lesions by location showed no regional differences &#40;Supplementary Table 2&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Overall&#44; there were observed regional differences in skin phototype&#44; the reason for consultation&#44; and occupational sun exposure&#46; While skin phototype and occupational sun exposure were anticipated to differ due to regional demographic and employment variability&#44; significant differences in the percentage of patients seeking a consultation for AK suggests differing regional attitudes towards seeking healthcare services or healthcare availability&#46; Furthermore&#44; as 30&#8211;42&#37; of patients with AKs ignored these lesions&#44; it is clear that AK remains an underdiagnosed condition within Spain&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In agreement with previous results&#44; lesion location was consistent between regions&#59; more frequent on the scalp and ears for men&#44; and the face for women&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Furthermore&#44; despite regional variation in AK risk factor frequency&#44; no significant differences in the number of lesions were observed&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some limitations of this study include the unequal recruitment from each autonomous community that may have imbalanced regional comparisons and the restriction of the study population to patients visiting dermatology clinics&#46; However&#44; to the best of our knowledge&#44; this is the first study that has investigated regional variation of AK prevalence within a single European country&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary&#44; significant regional differences in AK prevalence have been observed in Spain&#59; predominantly related to sex and age&#46; Regional differences in skin phototype and occupational sun exposure do not appear to influence lesion location or severity&#46; It is striking that despite regional differences&#44; a high proportion of patients in Spain did not seek advice regarding their AKs&#46; These findings highlight that regional variation in AK prevalence exists and are of value to national AK screening and management initiatives&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">C&#46; Ferr&#225;ndiz-Pulido received speakers&#8217; honoraria and&#47;or consultation fees from Almirall&#44; Leo Pharma and Isdin&#46; C&#46; Ferr&#225;ndiz received speakers&#8217; honoraria and&#47;or consultation fees from Almirall&#44; Leo Pharma and Spherium Biomed&#46; M&#46;J&#46; Plazas was an employee of Almirall at the time of the study&#46; All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">North &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>808&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Centre &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>847&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mediterranean &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1616&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">South &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>606&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age &#40;years&#41;&#44; mean &#40;SD&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65&#46;4 &#40;12&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&#46;8 &#40;12&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">67&#46;2 &#40;12&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65&#46;6 &#40;12&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age &#40;groups&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45&#8211;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">102 &#40;12&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">121 &#40;14&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">169 &#40;10&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">71 &#40;11&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51&#8211;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">212 &#40;26&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">232 &#40;27&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">339 &#40;21&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">153 &#40;25&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>61&#8211;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">225 &#40;27&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">192 &#40;22&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">434 &#40;26&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">166 &#40;27&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>71&#8211;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">156 &#40;19&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">198 &#40;23&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">431 &#40;26&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">135 &#40;22&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">113 &#40;14&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">104 &#40;12&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">243 &#40;15&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81 &#40;13&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">346 &#40;42&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">351 &#40;41&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">757 &#40;46&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">267 &#40;44&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">462 &#40;57&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">496 &#40;58&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">859 &#40;53&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">339 &#40;55&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reason for consultation&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Actinic Keratosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">133 &#40;16&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">135 &#40;15&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">377 &#40;23&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">103 &#40;17&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">675 &#40;83&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">712 &#40;84&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1239 &#40;76&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">503 &#40;83&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Occupational sun exposure</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Low&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">141 &#40;17&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">475 &#40;56&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1035 &#40;64&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">355 &#40;58&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">417 &#40;51&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">176 &#40;20&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">255 &#40;15&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">92 &#40;15&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">250 &#40;30&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">196 &#40;23&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">326 &#40;20&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">159 &#40;26&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Recreational sun exposure</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Low&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">141 &#40;17&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">179 &#40;21&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">274 &#40;17&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">123 &#40;20&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">417 &#40;51&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">487 &#40;57&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">876 &#40;54&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">356 &#40;58&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">250 &#40;30&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">181 &#40;21&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">466 &#40;28&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">127 &#40;21&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Occupations with high sun exposure</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Elementary occupations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">233 &#40;28&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">313 &#40;37&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">453 &#40;28&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">198 &#40;32&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Service and sales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">92 &#40;11&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">126 &#40;14&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">238 &#40;14&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81 &#40;13&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Skilled agricultural&#44; forestry and fishery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">116 &#40;14&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94 &#40;11&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">157 &#40;9&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">101 &#40;16&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Accountants&#44; clerks and office&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88 &#40;10&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">117 &#40;13&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">178 &#40;11&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">75 &#40;12&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Construction&#44; craft and related trades&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63 &#40;7&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76 &#40;9&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">243 &#40;15&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49 &#40;8&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">North &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>222&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Centre &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>211&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mediterranean &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>507&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">South &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>170&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Skin phototype&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Type I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;0&#46;9&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16 &#40;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;5&#46;9&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Type II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94 &#40;42&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">103 &#40;48&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">219 &#40;43&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">91 &#40;53&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Type III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81 &#40;36&#46;4&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">87 &#40;41&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">250 &#40;49&#46;3&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">66 &#40;38&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Type IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35 &#40;15&#46;8&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19 &#40;9&#46;0&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22 &#40;4&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;1&#46;8&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">NMSC history&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">74 &#40;33&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">57 &#40;27&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">173 &#40;34&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51 &#40;30&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;271&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reason for consultation&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Actinic Keratosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">130 &#40;58&#46;6&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">134 &#40;63&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">355 &#40;70&#46;0&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">101 &#40;59&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">92 &#40;41&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">77 &#40;36&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">152 &#40;30&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">69 &#40;40&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Occupational sun exposure&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Low&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97 &#40;43&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">68 &#40;32&#46;2&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">269 &#40;53&#46;1&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70 &#40;41&#46;2&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45 &#40;20&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49 &#40;23&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80 &#40;15&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">31 &#40;18&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80 &#40;36&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94 &#40;44&#46;5&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">158 &#40;31&#46;2&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">69 &#40;40&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Recreational sun exposure&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Low&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35 &#40;15&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34 &#40;16&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60 &#40;11&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28 &#40;16&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;267&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">107 &#40;48&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">109 &#40;51&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">250 &#40;49&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">91 &#40;53&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80 &#40;36&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">68 &#40;32&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">197 &#40;38&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51 &#40;30&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Number of lesions&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55 &#40;24&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51 &#40;24&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">131 &#40;25&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32 &#40;18&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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        "texto" => "<p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We would like to thank to all the investigators of the EPIQA study group &#40;in alphabetical order&#41;&#58; Albares Tendero MP&#44; Alc&#225;ntara Reifs CM&#44; Alfaro Rubio A&#44; Alonso San Pablo MT&#44; Bassas Freixas P&#44; Blanco Barrios S&#44; Blanes Mart&#237;nez MM&#44; Botella Estrada R&#44; Brufau Redondo C&#44; Castellanos Gonz&#225;lez M&#44; Curto Barredo L&#44; De La Corte S&#225;nchez IS&#44; De La Cueva Dobao P&#44; Del Prado Sanz ME&#44; Eiris Salvado N&#44; El-Khalili Murjan BA&#44; Escutia Mu&#241;oz B&#44; Fern&#225;ndez L&#243;pez E&#44; Ferr&#225;ndiz Foraster C&#44; Ferr&#225;ndiz-Pulido L&#44; Ferr&#225;ndiz-Pulido C&#44; Figueroa Silva O&#44; Fuente Gonz&#225;lez MJ&#44; Galiano Mej&#237;as S&#44; Garc&#237;a Acebes CR&#44; Garc&#237;a Mart&#237;nez FJ&#44; Garc&#237;a Rodi&#241;o S&#44; Garc&#237;a-Melgares Linares ML&#44; Garc&#237;a-Patos V&#44; Gilaberte Calzada Y&#44; G&#243;mez Bernal SM&#44; G&#243;mez L&#243;pez A&#44; G&#243;mez Sanchez ME&#44; Gonzalez De Arriba M&#44; Heras Mendaza F&#44; Hern&#225;ndez-Gil Bordallo A&#44; Hern&#225;ndez-Gil S&#225;nchez J&#44; Hilari Carbonell H&#44; Hueso Gabriel L&#44; Lera Imbuluzqueta JM&#44; L&#243;pez Avent&#237;n D&#44; Mar&#237;n Corbal&#225;n N&#44; Martorell Calatayud A&#44; Mateo Su&#225;rez S&#44; Navarro Mira M&#44; Ojeda Vila&#44; T P&#233;rez Caballero JA&#44; P&#233;rez Garc&#237;a LJ&#44; Pujol R&#44; Ram&#237;rez Andreo A&#44; Ram&#243;n Sapena R&#44; Redondo Bell&#243;n P&#44; Rodr&#237;guez Mart&#237;n AM&#44; Rom&#225;n Curto C&#44; Romo Melgar A&#44; Roncero Riesco M&#44; Ruiz De Casas A&#44; Ruiz Mart&#237;nez MD&#44; Salas Garc&#237;a T&#44; Salido Vallejo R&#44; S&#225;nchez Aguilar MD&#44; Santos Duran JC&#44; Segurado Rodr&#237;guez MA&#44; Soria Mart&#237;nez C&#44; Vald&#233;s Pineda FJ&#44; Vargas D&#237;ez E&#44; V&#225;zques Veigas HA&#44; V&#225;zquez Osorio I&#44; Viz&#225;n de U&#241;a MC&#44; Yuste Chaves M&#46;</p> <p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors would also like to thank Xavier Cortes Gil for assistance in developing this article&#46; Writing support was provided by Jonathan Mackinnon&#44; PhD from TFS Develop with financial support provided by Almirall S&#46;A&#46; The study was sponsored and financially supported by Almirall S&#46;A&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 109. Issue 1.
Pages 83-86 (January - February 2018)
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Vol. 109. Issue 1.
Pages 83-86 (January - February 2018)
Case and Research Letter
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Prevalence of Actinic Keratosis in Different Regions of Spain: The EPIQA Study
Prevalencia de la queratosis actínica en diferentes regiones españolas: estudio EPIQA
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C. Ferrándiz-Pulidoa, M. Lera-Imbuluzquetab, C. Ferrándizc,
Corresponding author
40879cfp@comb.cat

Corresponding author.
, M.J. Plazas-Fernandezb,1, on behalf to EPIQA Study Group
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Área de Investigación Aplicada, GOC Networking, Barcelona, Spain
c Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Sociodemographic data.
Table 2. Lifestyle and clinical characteristics of AK patients.
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Dear Editor:

Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common cutaneous lesions that develop as a result of ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage.1 Risk factors associated with AKs include advanced age, male gender, high degree of sun and/or artificial UV exposure, and fair skin.2 Epidemiological studies within Europe are limited and have provided highly variable estimates of AK point prevalence (1–38%).2–6 Cumulative sun exposure, demographic AK risk factors, and lifestyle characteristics have likely contributed to the wide-ranging estimate of European AK prevalence.7,8

Comprehensive studies that measure nationwide AK prevalence within Europe would provide essential information that would aid the development of pragmatic AK management guidelines. The aim of the EPIQA study was to assess the prevalence of AKs among dermatology outpatient clinics in Spain.9 In this analysis, we report the secondary objective of describing dermatology outpatient clinic AK prevalence within four regions of Spain with different climate conditions.

The EPIQA study was an observational, cross-sectional, multicentre study that included patients attending general dermatology outpatient clinics in Spain.9 In order to represent the entire country, clinics were selected and divided into four geographical regions based on climatic conditions and lifestyle: Northern (Galicia, Asturias,Navarra and Aragón), Central (Castilla-León, Madrid, and Castilla-La-Mancha), Mediterranean (Cataluña, Comunidad Valenciana and Murcia) and Southern (Extremadura and Andalucía) regions. Whole-body examinations were performed by certified dermatologists who visually confirmed AKs. Medical history, profession, and sun/UV exposure habits were collected via standardised interviews. Statistical analysis have been previously described.9

A total of 3877 patients were included with characteristics shown in Table 1. Overall, age and sex were similar between regions. Age distributions were also similar between regions, with ages 45–50 representing 11.9% and >80 years old representing 14.0% of the population. Actinic keratosis being the reason for the dermatology consultation varied from 15.9% to 23.3%. Most patients reported low occupational but moderate recreational sun exposure.

Table 1.

Sociodemographic data.

  North (n=808)  Centre (n=847)  Mediterranean (n=1616)  South (n=606) 
Age (years), mean (SD)
  65.4 (12.3)  64.8 (12.4)  67.2 (12.0)  65.6 (12.0) 
Age (groups), n (%)
45–50  102 (12.6)  121 (14.3)  169 (10.5)  71 (11.7) 
51–60  212 (26.2)  232 (27.4)  339 (21.0)  153 (25.2) 
61–70  225 (27.9)  192 (22.7)  434 (26.9)  166 (27.4) 
71–80  156 (19.3)  198 (23.4)  431 (26.7)  135 (22.3) 
>80  113 (14.0)  104 (12.3)  243 (15.0)  81 (13.4) 
Sex, n (%)
Male  346 (42.8)  351 (41.4)  757 (46.8)  267 (44.1) 
Female  462 (57.2)  496 (58.6)  859 (53.2)  339 (55.9) 
Reason for consultation, n (%)
Actinic Keratosis  133 (16.5)  135 (15.9)  377 (23.3)  103 (17.0) 
Other  675 (83.5)  712 (84.1)  1239 (76.7)  503 (83.0) 
Occupational sun exposurea, n (%)
Low  141 (17.5)  475 (56.1)  1035 (64.0)  355 (58.6) 
Moderate  417 (51.6)  176 (20.8)  255 (15.8)  92 (15.2) 
High  250 (30.9)  196 (23.1)  326 (20.2)  159 (26.2) 
Recreational sun exposureb, n (%)
Low  141 (17.5)  179 (21.1)  274 (17.0)  123 (20.3) 
Moderate  417 (51.6)  487 (57.5)  876 (54.2)  356 (58.7) 
High  250 (30.9)  181 (21.4)  466 (28.8)  127 (21.0) 
Occupations with high sun exposurec, n (%)
Elementary occupations  233 (28.8)  313 (37.0)  453 (28.0)  198 (32.7) 
Service and sales  92 (11.4)  126 (14.9)  238 (14.7)  81 (13.4) 
Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery  116 (14.4)  94 (11.1)  157 (9.7)  101 (16.7) 
Accountants, clerks and office  88 (10.9)  117 (13.8)  178 (11.0)  75 (12.4) 
Construction, craft and related trades  63 (7.8)  76 (9.0)  243 (15.0)  49 (8.1) 
a

Low: none; moderate: under 2h outside; high: all day outside.

b

Low: none; moderate: irregular outdoor activity participation; high: regular participation in outdoor activities all year round.

c

Occupations listed which include ≥10% total sample population.

In the study population, 1110 presented with AKs (28.6%, 95% CI: 27.2, 30.1). AK point prevalence (95% CI) differed significantly between regions, with 31.4% (29.1, 33.7) in the Mediterranean, 28.1% (24.5, 31.7) in the South, 27.5% (24.4, 30.6) in the North and 24.9% (22.0, 27.8) in the Central region (p=0.006). The most significant difference in prevalence was observed between Central and Mediterranean regions (p<0.05). Communities with the highest AK point prevalence were located in the Northern (Aragón, 39.6%), Mediterranean (Cataluña, 40.1%), and Southern (Extremadura, 36.6%) regions. Point prevalence was highest in men aged ≥51 years old (p<0.001) (Fig. 1).

Figure 1.

Prevalence of AKs according to age and sex.

(0.33MB).

A comparison of patients diagnosed with AK found a significant difference between regional skin phototypes and no difference between regional history of non-melanoma skin cancer (Table 2). In all regions, the most prevalent phototypes were types II and III, which cumulatively accounted for 80–90% of all AK patients. A significantly higher proportion of AK patients in all regions reported that AKs were the reason for consultation, compared to other reasons (p=0.006). Significant regional differences were observed when related to occupational (p<0.001), but not to recreational (p=0.267), sun exposure (Table 2).

Table 2.

Lifestyle and clinical characteristics of AK patients.

  North (n=222)  Centre (n=211)  Mediterranean (n=507)  South (n=170)  p-Value 
Skin phototype, n (%)
Type I  12 (5.4)  2 (0.9)*  16 (3.2)  10 (5.9)*  <0.001 
Type II  94 (42.3)  103 (48.8)  219 (43.2)  91 (53.5)   
Type III  81 (36.4)*  87 (41.2)  250 (49.3)*  66 (38.8)   
Type IV  35 (15.8)*  19 (9.0)*  22 (4.3)  3 (1.8)*   
NMSC history, n (%)
  74 (33.3)  57 (27.0)  173 (34.1)  51 (30.0)  0.271 
Reason for consultation, n (%)
Actinic Keratosis  130 (58.6)¿  134 (63.5)  355 (70.0)¿  101 (59.4)  0.006 
Other  92 (41.4)  77 (36.5)  152 (30.0)  69 (40.6)   
Occupational sun exposure, n (%)
Low  97 (43.7)  68 (32.2)*  269 (53.1)*  70 (41.2)*  <0.001 
Moderate  45 (20.3)  49 (23.2)  80 (15.8)  31 (18.2)   
High  80 (36.0)  94 (44.5)*  158 (31.2)*  69 (40.6)   
Recreational sun exposure, n (%)
Low  35 (15.8)  34 (16.1)  60 (11.8)  28 (16.5)  0.267 
Moderate  107 (48.2)  109 (51.7)  250 (49.3)  91 (53.5)   
High  80 (36.0)  68 (32.2)  197 (38.9)  51 (30.0)   
Number of lesions, n (%)
55 (24.8)  51 (24.2)  131 (25.8)  32 (18.8)  0.688 
2–4  70 (31.5)  76 (36.0)  164 (32.3)  66 (38.8)   
5–10  62 (27.9)  54 (25.6)  137 (27.0)  46 (27.1)   
11–15  13 (5.9)  13 (6.2)  41 (8.1)  13 (7.6)   
16–20  11 (5.0)  8 (3.8)  13 (2.6)  8 (4.7)   
21–25  4 (1.8)  5 (2.4)  7 (1.4)  5 (2.9)   
26–30  4 (1.8)  3 (1.4)  8 (1.6)  0 (0.0)   
>30  3 (1.4)  1 (0.5)  6 (1.2)  0 (0.0)   
*

p<0.001.

¿

p<0.05. Chi-squared test used to calculate p-values. NMSC: non-melanoma skin cancer.

The distribution of anatomical areas with AK lesions was similar between regions and, in general, significantly more frequently reported on the face for women and the scalp and ears for men (Supplementary Table 1). A comparison of the number of lesions by location showed no regional differences (Supplementary Table 2).

Overall, there were observed regional differences in skin phototype, the reason for consultation, and occupational sun exposure. While skin phototype and occupational sun exposure were anticipated to differ due to regional demographic and employment variability, significant differences in the percentage of patients seeking a consultation for AK suggests differing regional attitudes towards seeking healthcare services or healthcare availability. Furthermore, as 30–42% of patients with AKs ignored these lesions, it is clear that AK remains an underdiagnosed condition within Spain.

In agreement with previous results, lesion location was consistent between regions; more frequent on the scalp and ears for men, and the face for women.10 Furthermore, despite regional variation in AK risk factor frequency, no significant differences in the number of lesions were observed.

Some limitations of this study include the unequal recruitment from each autonomous community that may have imbalanced regional comparisons and the restriction of the study population to patients visiting dermatology clinics. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has investigated regional variation of AK prevalence within a single European country.

In summary, significant regional differences in AK prevalence have been observed in Spain; predominantly related to sex and age. Regional differences in skin phototype and occupational sun exposure do not appear to influence lesion location or severity. It is striking that despite regional differences, a high proportion of patients in Spain did not seek advice regarding their AKs. These findings highlight that regional variation in AK prevalence exists and are of value to national AK screening and management initiatives.

Conflict of interest

C. Ferrándiz-Pulido received speakers’ honoraria and/or consultation fees from Almirall, Leo Pharma and Isdin. C. Ferrándiz received speakers’ honoraria and/or consultation fees from Almirall, Leo Pharma and Spherium Biomed. M.J. Plazas was an employee of Almirall at the time of the study. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank to all the investigators of the EPIQA study group (in alphabetical order): Albares Tendero MP, Alcántara Reifs CM, Alfaro Rubio A, Alonso San Pablo MT, Bassas Freixas P, Blanco Barrios S, Blanes Martínez MM, Botella Estrada R, Brufau Redondo C, Castellanos González M, Curto Barredo L, De La Corte Sánchez IS, De La Cueva Dobao P, Del Prado Sanz ME, Eiris Salvado N, El-Khalili Murjan BA, Escutia Muñoz B, Fernández López E, Ferrándiz Foraster C, Ferrándiz-Pulido L, Ferrándiz-Pulido C, Figueroa Silva O, Fuente González MJ, Galiano Mejías S, García Acebes CR, García Martínez FJ, García Rodiño S, García-Melgares Linares ML, García-Patos V, Gilaberte Calzada Y, Gómez Bernal SM, Gómez López A, Gómez Sanchez ME, Gonzalez De Arriba M, Heras Mendaza F, Hernández-Gil Bordallo A, Hernández-Gil Sánchez J, Hilari Carbonell H, Hueso Gabriel L, Lera Imbuluzqueta JM, López Aventín D, Marín Corbalán N, Martorell Calatayud A, Mateo Suárez S, Navarro Mira M, Ojeda Vila, T Pérez Caballero JA, Pérez García LJ, Pujol R, Ramírez Andreo A, Ramón Sapena R, Redondo Bellón P, Rodríguez Martín AM, Román Curto C, Romo Melgar A, Roncero Riesco M, Ruiz De Casas A, Ruiz Martínez MD, Salas García T, Salido Vallejo R, Sánchez Aguilar MD, Santos Duran JC, Segurado Rodríguez MA, Soria Martínez C, Valdés Pineda FJ, Vargas Díez E, Vázques Veigas HA, Vázquez Osorio I, Vizán de Uña MC, Yuste Chaves M.

The authors would also like to thank Xavier Cortes Gil for assistance in developing this article. Writing support was provided by Jonathan Mackinnon, PhD from TFS Develop with financial support provided by Almirall S.A. The study was sponsored and financially supported by Almirall S.A.

Appendix A
Supplementary data

The following are the supplementary data to this article:

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M.J. Plazas was employed at the Medical Department Spain, Almirall at the time the study was conducted.

Copyright © 2017. Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV
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