Journal Information
Vol. 98. Issue 8.
Pages 531-538 (October 2007)
Vol. 98. Issue 8.
Pages 531-538 (October 2007)
Original articles
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Longitudinal Study of Different Metastatic Patterns in the Progression of Cutaneous Melanoma
Estudio Temporal de los Diferentes Patrones Metastásicos en la Progresión del Melanoma Cutáneo
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A. Tejera-Vaquerizoa,
Corresponding author
antoniotejera@aedv.es

Correspondence: Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria. Campus Universitario Teatinos. 29010 Málaga. Spain.
, M.V. Barrera-Vigoa, I. Fernández-Canedob, N. Blázquez-Sánchezb, M. Mendiola-Fernándeza, A. Fernández-Orlanda, R. Bosch-Garcíaa, M. de Troya-Martínb, E. Herrera-Ceballosa
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
b Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Compared with other tumors, melanoma has displayed one of the largest increases in incidence in recent years, and it is known to have a high metastatic potential. In cases of metastasis, approximately two-thirds of patients have lymph-node metastases and one-third develop systemic metastases. However, few studies have been reported that analyzed different metastatic patterns according to the natural history of melanoma. The main aim of this study was to analyze the different metastatic pathways and patterns and to assess the time course of development of metastases from cutaneous melanoma.

Material and methods

A retrospective study was performed in 575 patients with onset of primary melanoma between 1990 and 2004. During follow-up, 67 patients developed metastases. Different pathways for metastasis were established and evaluated. We identified 4 metastatic pathways according to the metastatic pattern during progression of the melanoma. The time course of metastases was also evaluated. Finally, we analyzed melanomas with local recurrence in terms of whether or not systemic progression occurred.

Results

Melanoma metastases first occurred in local lymph nodes in 55.2% of the patients. Initial metastasis was systemic in 14.9% of the patients. The anatomical location and tumor thickness influenced which metastatic pathway was followed. Distant metastases occurred after a mean of 25 months regardless of the pathway followed.

Conclusions

The development of distant metastases displays a constant time course and the time to onset is independent of the metastatic pathway. This observation may explain why sentinel lymph node biopsy has a limited impact on overall survival of melanoma patients.

Key words:
melanoma
metastatic pathways
natural history
prognostic factors
time course
melanoma
Resumen
Introducción

El melanoma es uno de los tumores que más ha aumentado en las últimas décadas y posee un elevado potencial de diseminación. Cuando metastatiza, hasta en dos tercios de las ocasiones lo hace a los ganglios linfáticos regionales y aproximadamente en un tercio de los casos a nivel sistémico. Existen, sin embargo, pocos estudios en la literatura que hayan analizado los diferentes patrones metastásicos en el contexto de la historia natural del melanoma. El objetivo principal del presente estudio es analizar las diferentes vías y patrones metastásicos y el tiempo de evolución en el desarrollo de metástasis en el melanoma cutáneo.

Material y métodos

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en una serie de 575 pacientes con melanoma primario como primera presentación entre los años 1990 y 2004. En el seguimiento, 67 pacientes desarrollaron metástasis. Se establecieron y evaluaron diferentes vías de diseminación. También se establecieron cuatro rutas de diseminación dependiendo del patrón de diseminación en la progresión del melanoma. Se evaluó el curso temporal de las metástasis. Por último, se analizaron aquellos melanomas con recurrencia locorregional comparando los melanomas con y sin progresión sistémica.

Resultados

Las metástasis linfáticas regionales constituyen la primera vía de diseminación de los melanomas (55,2%). Las metástasis sistémicas aparecieron como primera vía metastásica en el 14,9% de los casos. La localización anatómica y el grosor tumoral influyen en las diferentes vías metastásicas. Las metástasis a distancia aparecieron con una media de 25 meses, independientemente de la ruta de diseminación.

Conclusiones

La aparición de metástasis a distancia es un evento con un curso temporal constante. Surgen al mismo tiempo independientemente de la ruta metastásica del melanoma. Esto podría explicar el beneficio limitado de la biopsia del ganglio centinela sobre la supervivencia global de los pacientes con melanoma.

Palabras clave:
melanoma
vías metastásicas
historia natural
factores pronóstico
tiempo de evolución
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Copyright © 2007. Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología and Elsevier España, S.L.
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