Información del artículo
Abstract
Xerosis or dry skin is a common skin disorder among the general population. It is characterized clinically by rough, scaly, and often itchy skin. This disorder is present in the course of some dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis, although it can also occur in healthy individuals if a combination of certain etiologic factors is present. It is characterized pathophysiologically by a disrupted stratum corneum, dehydration, and impaired keratinocyte differentiation. Treatment of xerosis should seek to restore physiologic lipids in the epidermis and provide substances that facilitate epidermal differentiation.
Key words:
xerosis
dry skin
stratum corneum
ceramides
lipids
Resumen
La xerosis o piel seca es un trastorno cutáneo de alta prevalencia en la población general que se caracteriza clínicamente por una piel áspera, descamativa y habitualmente pruriginosa. Ciertas dermatosis como la dermatitis atópica cursan con este trastorno, aunque puede presentarse en individuos sanos si coinciden varios factores etiológicos. Fisiopatológicamente consiste en la modificación estructural del estrato córneo, su contenido en agua y un defecto en la diferenciación queratinocitaria. El tratamiento de la xerosis debiera buscar la recomposición de los lípidos fisiológicos de la epidermis y el aporte de sustancias que faciliten la diferenciación epidérmica.
Palabras clave:
xerosis
piel seca
estrato córneo
ceramidas
lípidos
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
References
[1.]
S.R. Burdette-Taylor.
Eczema, ichthyosis, psoriasis: conditions of cornification.
Ostomy Wound Manage, 41 (1995), pp. 36-38
[2.]
E. Proksch, J.M. Lachapelle.
The management of dry skin with topical emollients–recent perspectives.
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges, 3 (2005), pp. 768-774
[3.]
K.R. Feingold, M. Mao-Quian, G.K. Menon, S.S. Cho, B.E. Brown, P.M. Elias.
Cholesterol synthesis is required for cutaneous barrier function in mice.
J Clin Invest, 86 (1990), pp. 1738-1745
[4.]
G. Grubauer, K.R. Feingold, R.M. Harris, P.M. Elias.
Lipid content and lipid type as determinants of the epidermal permeability barrier.
J Lipid Res, 30 (1989), pp. 89-96
[5.]
P.M. Elias.
Stratum corneum defensive functions: an integrated view.
J Invest Dermatol, 125 (2005), pp. 183-200
[6.]
N. Nakagawa, S. Sakai, M. Matsumoto, K. Yamada, M. Nagano, T. Yuki, et al.
Relationship between NMF (lactate and potassium) content and the physical properties of the stratum corneum in healthy subjects.
J Invest Dermatol, 122 (2004), pp. 755-763
[7.]
C. Clark.
How to choose a suitable emollient.
Pharm J, 273 (2004), pp. 351-353
[8.]
A.V. Rawlings, P.J. Matts.
Stratum corneum moisturization at the molecular level: an update in relation to the dry skin cycle.
J Invest Dermatol, 124 (2005), pp. 1099-1110
[10.]
A. Di Nardo, P. Werz, A. Giannetti, S. Deidenari.
Ceramide and cholesterol composition of the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis.
Acta Dermatol Venereol, 78 (1998), pp. 27-30
[11.]
N. Morar, W.O. Cookson, J.I. Harper, M.F. Moffatt.
Filaggrin mutations in children with severe atopic dermatitis.
J Invest Dermatol, 127 (2007), pp. 1667-1672
[12.]
M. Takahashi, T. Tezuka.
The content of free amino acids in the stratum corneum is increased in senile xerosis.
Arch Dermatol Res, 295 (2004), pp. 448-452
[13.]
C. Katagiri, J. Sato, J. Nomura, M. Denda.
Changes in environmental humidity affect the water-holding property of the stratum corneum and its free amino acid content, and the expression of the filaggrin in the epidermis of hairless mice.
J Dermatol Sci, 31 (2003), pp. 29-35
[14.]
P.M. Elias, J.C. Ansel, L.D. Woods, K.R. Feingold.
Signaling networks in barrier homeostasis: the mystery widens.
Arch Dermatol, 132 (1996), pp. 1505-1506
[15.]
P.M. Elias, L.D. Woods, K.R. Feingold.
Epidermal pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatoses.
Am J Contact Dermat, 10 (1999), pp. 119-126
[16.]
P.J.G. Rycroft, W.D.L. Smith.
Low humidity occupational dermatoses.
Contact Dermatitis, 6 (1980), pp. 488-492
[17.]
T. Agner, J. Serup.
Seasonal variation of skin resistance to irritants.
Br J Dermatol, 121 (1989), pp. 323-328
[18.]
M. Engelke, J.M. Jensen, S. Ekanayake-Mudiyanselage, E. Proksch.
Effects of xerosis and ageing on epidermal proliferation and differentiation.
Br J Dermatol, 137 (1997), pp. 219-225
[19.]
M.J. Cork, D.A. Robinson, Y. Vasilopoulos, A. Ferguson, M. Moustafa, A. MacGowan, et al.
New perspectives on epidermal barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis: geneenvironment interactions.
J Allergy Clin Immunol, 118 (2006), pp. 3-21
[20.]
Y. Werner, M. Lindberg.
Transepidermal water loss in dry and clinically normal skin in patients with atopic dermatitis.
Acta Derm Venereol, 65 (1985), pp. 102-105
[21.]
P. Thune.
Evaluation of the hydration and water binding capacity in atopic skin and so-called dry skin.
Acta Derm Venereol, 144 (1989), pp. 133-135
[22.]
L.J. Shapiro, R Weiss, Webster., J.T. Frances.
X-linked ichthyosis due to steroid sulphatase deficiency.
Lancet, 1 (1978), pp. 70-72
[23.]
J. Sato, M. Denda, J. Nakinishi, J. Nomura, J. Koyama.
Cholesterol sulphate inhibits proteases that are involved in desquamation of stratum corneum.
J Invest Dermatol, 111 (1998), pp. 189-194
[25.]
S.L. Chamlin, J. Kao, I.J. Freiden, M.Y. Sheu, A.J. Fowler, J.W. Fluhr, et al.
Ceramide-dominant barrier repair lipids alleviate childhood atopic dermatitis: changes in barrier function provide a sensitive indicator of disease activity.
J Am Acad Dermatol, 47 (2002), pp. 198-208
[26.]
M. Hara, A.S. Verkman.
Glycerol replacement corrects defective skin hydration, elasticity and barrier function in aquaporin-3-deficient mice.
PNAS, 100 (2003), pp. 7360-7365
[27.]
M. Paubert-Braquet, G. Lefrançois, S. Picquot.
Etude in vitro du pouvoir antiprurigineux du glycocolle: effet sur la dégranulation des mastocytes.
Thérapeutique, 95 (1992), pp. 2-3
[28.]
B.I. Weimann, D. Hermann.
Studies on wound healing: effects of calcium pantothenate on the migration, proliferation and protein synthesis of human dermal fibroblasts in culture.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 69 (1999), pp. 113-119
[29.]
B. Lacroix, E. Didier, J.F. Grenier.
Effects of pantothenic acid on fibroblastic cell cultures.
Res Exp Med, 188 (1988), pp. 391-396
[30.]
P. Girard, A. Beraud, C. Goujon.
Effect of bepanthen ointment on the graft-donor site wound-healing model: double-blind biometrological and clinical study, with assessment by the patient versus the vehicle.
Nouv Dermatol, 17 (1998), pp. 559-570
Copyright © 2008. Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología and Elsevier España, S.L.
