Case for Diagnosis
Violaceous erythematous plaques on a lower limb
Placas eritematovioláceas en miembro inferior
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La belleza «radiante»" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1013 "Ancho" => 805 "Tamanyo" => 193370 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Advertisement for Ramey’s Crème Radiacée, which not only made skin feel velvety and removed wrinkles but also regenerated the epidermis. <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0015" href="http://media.topito.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/500x603xramey-e1295787652834.jpeg.pagespeed.ic_.G-sZwoBPZR.jpg">http://media.topito.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/500x603xramey-e1295787652834.jpeg.pagespeed.ic_.G-sZwoBPZR.jpg</span>.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "R.M. 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Villegas-Romero, K. Tello-Collantes, D. Jiménez-Gallo" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Villegas-Romero" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "imvr91@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "K." "apellidos" => "Tello-Collantes" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Jiménez-Gallo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Dermatología Médico-Quirúrgica y Venereología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Placas eritematovioláceas en miembro inferior" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1250 "Ancho" => 1250 "Tamanyo" => 162829 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Medical History</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An 8-month-old boy consulted for a lesion on the right lower limb that had been present from birth. Since then, it had grown progressively, although its appearance remained unchanged. The patient’s medical history revealed no diseases of note. After a controlled pregnancy, he had been born at full term by caesarean section, without complications.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Physical Examination</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical examination revealed 5 well-defined, dark red plaques, the largest of which was 1.5 cm long, that had irregular borders and were distributed between the medial malleolus and the dorsum of the right foot (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A). Dermoscopy showed wine colored dots on a homogeneous pink background (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Histopathology</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histology showed an orthokeratotic epidermis with acanthosis and papillomatosis (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>A) and dilated vessels in a lobular pattern, surrounded by scant perivascular inflammatory infiltrate in the superficial and deep dermis (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>B and C). Immunohistochemical staining was positive for Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and negative for D2-40 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Additional Tests</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ultrasound showed that the lesions were superficial, and revealed a slight increase in soft tissue thickness in the medial dorsal region of the right foot, with no detectable flow. A complete laboratory work-up revealed no alterations in the hemogram, liver or kidney profile, or D-dimer levels.</p></span><span id="sec0021" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0021">What is Your Diagnosis?</span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Verrucous venous malformation (VVM).</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Clinical Course and Treatment</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Daily topical treatment with 0.5% timolol was prescribed for 6 months, but was discontinued in the absence of any improvement.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Comment</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">VVM is a vascular anomaly. There has been much discussion as to whether it constitutes a malformation or a tumor. The lesions, which are usually present at birth or appear in early childhood, consist of single or multiple dark red patches. These most frequently occur on the lower limbs, tend to darken, thicken, and become hyperkeratotic, and rarely undergo remission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> VVM is characterized by compact hyperkeratosis of the epidermis and papillomatosis, irregular acanthosis, and dilated capillaries in the papillary and deep dermis and the subcutaneous cellular tissue.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Although its clinical characteristics resemble those of a vascular malformation, it was initially considered a vascular tumor by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies due to its positive immunostaining for WT1 and GLUT1.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinically, VVM can be confused with other vascular lesions, such as angiokeratoma, and with capillary, venous, and lymphatic vascular malformations that are negative for GLUT1 and WT1, despite displaying hyperkeratosis and acanthosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recently, Couto et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> described the presence in VVM tissue of a somatic missense mutation in mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3, which is involved in the angiopoietin-1 and tunica intima endothelial cell kinase signaling cascade, and is implicated in both hereditary and sporadic venous malformations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Based on its clinical course and recent genetic findings, VVM is currently considered a venous malformation,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> despite its immunohistochemical characteristics.</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Medical History" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Physical Examination" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Histopathology" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Additional Tests" ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0021" "titulo" => "What is Your Diagnosis?" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Diagnosis" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Clinical Course and Treatment" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Comment" ] ] ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 6 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Villegas-Romero I, Tello-Collantes K, Jiménez-Gallo D. Placas eritematovioláceas en miembro inferior. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2020;111:861–862.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1250 "Ancho" => 1250 "Tamanyo" => 162829 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1333 "Ancho" => 1333 "Tamanyo" => 593849 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×1 (A) and ×10 (B and C).</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 884 "Ancho" => 1333 "Tamanyo" => 274581 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemistry for glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) (A), Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) (B), and D2-40 (C); original magnification ×10.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Linear verrucous hemangioma-a rare case and dermoscopic clues to diagnosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2024 Octubre | 91 | 41 | 132 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 96 | 20 | 116 |
| 2024 Agosto | 109 | 62 | 171 |
| 2024 Julio | 112 | 35 | 147 |
| 2024 Junio | 111 | 37 | 148 |
| 2024 Mayo | 97 | 31 | 128 |
| 2024 Abril | 70 | 23 | 93 |
| 2024 Marzo | 82 | 33 | 115 |
| 2024 Febrero | 84 | 29 | 113 |
| 2024 Enero | 76 | 37 | 113 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 65 | 13 | 78 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 100 | 27 | 127 |
| 2023 Octubre | 85 | 23 | 108 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 62 | 24 | 86 |
| 2023 Agosto | 46 | 16 | 62 |
| 2023 Julio | 75 | 36 | 111 |
| 2023 Junio | 51 | 18 | 69 |
| 2023 Mayo | 73 | 27 | 100 |
| 2023 Abril | 38 | 22 | 60 |
| 2023 Marzo | 68 | 28 | 96 |
| 2023 Febrero | 54 | 30 | 84 |
| 2023 Enero | 65 | 24 | 89 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 68 | 43 | 111 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 20 | 25 | 45 |
| 2022 Octubre | 32 | 18 | 50 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 21 | 38 | 59 |
| 2022 Agosto | 22 | 38 | 60 |
| 2022 Julio | 22 | 37 | 59 |
| 2022 Junio | 24 | 19 | 43 |
| 2022 Mayo | 82 | 53 | 135 |
| 2022 Abril | 69 | 26 | 95 |
| 2022 Marzo | 89 | 62 | 151 |
| 2022 Febrero | 62 | 21 | 83 |
| 2022 Enero | 89 | 43 | 132 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 76 | 48 | 124 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 68 | 54 | 122 |
| 2021 Octubre | 73 | 73 | 146 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 57 | 54 | 111 |
| 2021 Agosto | 52 | 51 | 103 |
| 2021 Julio | 35 | 42 | 77 |
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| 2021 Mayo | 56 | 50 | 106 |
| 2021 Abril | 155 | 88 | 243 |
| 2021 Marzo | 123 | 65 | 188 |
| 2021 Febrero | 76 | 69 | 145 |
| 2021 Enero | 73 | 47 | 120 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 39 | 25 | 64 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 27 | 19 | 46 |
| 2020 Octubre | 5 | 8 | 13 |
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