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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Subcutaneous lesions often raise diagnostic doubts in the dermatological consultation and require a more specific approach&#46; We describe a case in which skin ultrasound played a fundamental role in the diagnosis and management of a patient with a neck tumor&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was a 20-year-old woman with no personal medical history of interest who was seen for a progressively growing tumor in the left cervical region that had appeared suddenly 1 week earlier&#44; causing mild pain in the immediate area of the lesion&#46; Physical examination revealed a subcutaneous lesion &#40;3&#8239;&#215;&#8239;2&#8239;cm&#41; with a gummy consistency&#44; with no alteration in surface coloration and no epidermal involvement &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The differential diagnosis included adenopathies&#44; lipoma&#44; intramuscular hematoma&#44; and other subcutaneous tumors&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the diagnostic doubt&#44; the patient underwent skin ultrasound with a 15&#8211;18&#8211;MHz linear probe &#40;Esaote MyLab&#41;&#44; which revealed the presence beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle of a hypoechoic&#44; oval structure &#40;2&#46;8&#8239;&#215;&#8239;1&#46;5&#8239;&#215;&#8239;1&#46;4&#8239;cm&#41; with well-defined margins and a major axis in the longitudinal direction&#46; Color Doppler mode showed an absence of intralesional vascularization and the presence of peripheral vascularization &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0010">Figs&#46; 2 and 3</a>&#41;&#46; The ultrasound findings were compatible with an intramuscular hematoma&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In light of the ultrasound findings&#44; we further investigated the medical history of the patient&#44; who reported that she had visited a chiropractor 2 weeks earlier&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ultrasound examination of the path of the carotid artery showed no abnormalities&#46; Cervical computed tomography angiography revealed the presence of a hematoma&#44; the radiological characteristics of which corresponded to our ultrasound findings&#46; No alterations in the cervical vascular system were observed&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was discharged to her home and was prescribed analgesia and rest&#46; She improved gradually&#44; achieving full resolution within 3 weeks&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cervical hematoma after chiropractic manipulation is an uncommon complication&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> but can be indicative of a major vascular complication&#46; Indeed&#44; there are multiple reports of dissection of the vertebral or carotid artery &#40;pseudoaneurysm or intramural hematoma&#41; in this context&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Assessment with imaging tests&#44; analysis of risk factors &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; smoking&#44; contraception&#41;&#44; and study of the underlying disease &#40;vasculitis&#44; fibromuscular dysplasia&#44; Ehler-Danlos syndrome&#44; Marfan syndrome&#41; is therefore mandatory in patients with cervical hematoma associated with major vascular complication&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present case&#44; the ultrasound differential diagnosis included lipoma&#44; lymphadenopathy&#44; and thrombosis&#46; Lipomas show variable echogenicity and in some cases a characteristic hyperechogenic band&#46; They tend to be located in the subcutaneous cellular tissue and have poorly defined margins&#46; Lymphadenopathy is usually characterized by oval morphology with a hyperechoic center and a peripheral hypoechogenic halo&#46; In the presence of inflammation an increase in volume and vascularization may be observed&#44; although the general morphological and structural ultrasound features are retained&#46; Thrombosis lesions are usually hyperechogenic&#44; are located inside the vessels&#44; and may present peripheral vascularization &#40;recanalization&#41;&#46; On ultrasound hematoma appears as a hypoechoic or anechoic structure&#44; with no internal blood flow&#44; although Doppler mode reveals peripheral vascularization&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> as occurred in the present case&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Skin ultrasound is particularly useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of a wide variety of dermatological and nondermatological conditions&#46; This may explain the exponential increase in recent years in the use of this technique&#44; which has been incorporated into dermatology consultations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; we present the case of a young patient with a cervical hematoma resulting from chiropractic manipulation&#44; and emphasize the importance of considering additional tests given the possibility of associated cervical vessel involvement&#46; Moreover&#44; we wish to highlight the role of skin ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of this case&#44; which could have involved more serious complications&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Case and Research Letters
Subcutaneous Neck Lesion After Chiropractic Manipulation: The Role of Ultrasound Skin Imaging
Lesión subcutánea cervical tras manipulación quiropráctica: papel de la ecografía cutánea
C. Durán Viana,
Autor para correspondencia
cduranvian@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, I. Salgüero Fernándezb, F. Alfageme Roldánb, G. Roustán Gullónb
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
b Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Subcutaneous lesions often raise diagnostic doubts in the dermatological consultation and require a more specific approach&#46; We describe a case in which skin ultrasound played a fundamental role in the diagnosis and management of a patient with a neck tumor&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was a 20-year-old woman with no personal medical history of interest who was seen for a progressively growing tumor in the left cervical region that had appeared suddenly 1 week earlier&#44; causing mild pain in the immediate area of the lesion&#46; Physical examination revealed a subcutaneous lesion &#40;3&#8239;&#215;&#8239;2&#8239;cm&#41; with a gummy consistency&#44; with no alteration in surface coloration and no epidermal involvement &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The differential diagnosis included adenopathies&#44; lipoma&#44; intramuscular hematoma&#44; and other subcutaneous tumors&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the diagnostic doubt&#44; the patient underwent skin ultrasound with a 15&#8211;18&#8211;MHz linear probe &#40;Esaote MyLab&#41;&#44; which revealed the presence beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle of a hypoechoic&#44; oval structure &#40;2&#46;8&#8239;&#215;&#8239;1&#46;5&#8239;&#215;&#8239;1&#46;4&#8239;cm&#41; with well-defined margins and a major axis in the longitudinal direction&#46; Color Doppler mode showed an absence of intralesional vascularization and the presence of peripheral vascularization &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0010">Figs&#46; 2 and 3</a>&#41;&#46; The ultrasound findings were compatible with an intramuscular hematoma&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In light of the ultrasound findings&#44; we further investigated the medical history of the patient&#44; who reported that she had visited a chiropractor 2 weeks earlier&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ultrasound examination of the path of the carotid artery showed no abnormalities&#46; Cervical computed tomography angiography revealed the presence of a hematoma&#44; the radiological characteristics of which corresponded to our ultrasound findings&#46; No alterations in the cervical vascular system were observed&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was discharged to her home and was prescribed analgesia and rest&#46; She improved gradually&#44; achieving full resolution within 3 weeks&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cervical hematoma after chiropractic manipulation is an uncommon complication&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> but can be indicative of a major vascular complication&#46; Indeed&#44; there are multiple reports of dissection of the vertebral or carotid artery &#40;pseudoaneurysm or intramural hematoma&#41; in this context&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Assessment with imaging tests&#44; analysis of risk factors &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; smoking&#44; contraception&#41;&#44; and study of the underlying disease &#40;vasculitis&#44; fibromuscular dysplasia&#44; Ehler-Danlos syndrome&#44; Marfan syndrome&#41; is therefore mandatory in patients with cervical hematoma associated with major vascular complication&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present case&#44; the ultrasound differential diagnosis included lipoma&#44; lymphadenopathy&#44; and thrombosis&#46; Lipomas show variable echogenicity and in some cases a characteristic hyperechogenic band&#46; They tend to be located in the subcutaneous cellular tissue and have poorly defined margins&#46; Lymphadenopathy is usually characterized by oval morphology with a hyperechoic center and a peripheral hypoechogenic halo&#46; In the presence of inflammation an increase in volume and vascularization may be observed&#44; although the general morphological and structural ultrasound features are retained&#46; Thrombosis lesions are usually hyperechogenic&#44; are located inside the vessels&#44; and may present peripheral vascularization &#40;recanalization&#41;&#46; On ultrasound hematoma appears as a hypoechoic or anechoic structure&#44; with no internal blood flow&#44; although Doppler mode reveals peripheral vascularization&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> as occurred in the present case&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Skin ultrasound is particularly useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of a wide variety of dermatological and nondermatological conditions&#46; This may explain the exponential increase in recent years in the use of this technique&#44; which has been incorporated into dermatology consultations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; we present the case of a young patient with a cervical hematoma resulting from chiropractic manipulation&#44; and emphasize the importance of considering additional tests given the possibility of associated cervical vessel involvement&#46; Moreover&#44; we wish to highlight the role of skin ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of this case&#44; which could have involved more serious complications&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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                      "titulo" => "Ecograf&#237;a dermatol&#243;gica&#58; una nueva aproximaci&#243;n al conocimiento de la piel &#91;Ultrasound in dermatology&#58; a new approximation to knowledge of the skin&#93;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
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                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; de Troya Mart&#237;n"
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                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "106 Suppl 1"
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 15782190
Idioma original: Inglés
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