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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous lymphomas are a neoplastic abnormality of the skin that present in 4&#37; of all lymphomas&#46; Eighty percent of cutaneous lymphomas originate in T lymphocytes and&#44; of these&#44; half are mycosis fungoides&#46; The incidence of this disease has been calculated at 0&#46;4 cases per 100&#44;000 inhabitants per year and it mainly presents in older adults&#44; with an average age of 60 years&#46; Approximately 70&#37; of patients are white and the disease occurs more frequently in men than in women&#46; Follicular or folliculotropic mycosis fungoides is a rare variant of this type of T-cell cutaneous lymphoma&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 28-year-old man born on the Pacific coast of Colombia&#44; who was a member of an outlawed armed group living in the jungle&#44; visited the emergency department with skin lesions that had appeared 4 years earlier and which had become generalized&#46; The patient had no prior diagnosis and had not received any treatment&#46; Physical examination revealed multiple coalescing hyperkeratotic infiltrated tumorous lesions on the face&#44; scalp&#44; torso&#44; back&#44; arms&#44; and legs&#46; The patient presented facies leonina on the face&#44; with loss of adnexa&#44; madarosis&#44; and loss of eyelashes and body hair&#46; The scalp showed suppurating cerebriform lesions&#46; No involvement of the oral or genital mucosa was observed&#46; Palpation revealed no enlarged lymph nodes or organs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Empirical treatment with ampicillin&#8211;sulbactam and vancomycin was instated&#44; skin biopsies were taken&#44; and an analysis of disease extension was performed&#46; The patient died from cardiorespiratory failure due to sepsis and multiorgan failure&#46; The skin biopsies were reviewed post mortem by the dermatology department and revealed findings suggestive of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides&#59; this finding was also supported by immune-staining tests &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Owing to the suspected diagnosis&#44; a molecular study was performed of the tissue embedded in paraffin&#59; the study confirmed clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gamma &#40;TCRG&#41; chain&#46; These findings support the diagnosis of a lymphoid tumor &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Tests for infection with human immunodeficiency virus&#44; syphilis&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> were negative&#46; Leprosy was ruled out by serologic studies and lymph node aspirates&#46; Cultures for deep mycoses and mycobacteria were also negative&#46; Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen revealed no abnormalities&#46; The study of the bone-marrow sample was normal&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Follicular or folliculotropic mycosis fungoides is a rare variant of this type of T-cell cutaneous lymphoma&#44; which affects the hair follicles and generally does not affect the epidermis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The World Health Organization and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer &#40;WHO-EORTC&#41; consider it to be a variant of mycosis fungoides&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides affects the head and neck in 85&#37; of cases&#44; in the form of pruritic follicular papules&#44; acneiform lesions&#44; or cysts&#44; associated with alopecia&#44; and often with involvement of the eyebrows&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The lesions tend to be local and generalized forms are extremely rare&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The manifestation of facies leonina has been described in folliculotropic mycosis fungoides&#44; although it is rare&#59; a 2015 systematic review found only 24 patients with this association&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Ishibashi et al&#46; reported the case of a patient who also had a severe presentation of this disease with facies leonina&#44; images of which are very similar to the patient described by us&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The folliculotropic variant tends to be more aggressive than the plaque phase in mycosis fungoides and the mortality rate is similar to that of the tumoral phase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides is also more refractory&#46; Molecular clonality testing can be of considerable help in determining the diagnosis in cases such as this&#44; where diagnosis is difficult&#46; The test can be performed on samples of skin&#44; lymph node&#44; bone marrow&#44; or peripheral blood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Detection of one or more clones does not necessarily indicate neoplasia and the test results should therefore be assessed together with the clinical&#44; histologic&#44; and immunophenotyping findings&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; we report the case of a patient with folliculotropic mycosis fungoides confirmed by means of skin biopsy&#44; immune staining&#44; and molecular biology study&#44; with severe and generalized presentation involving more than 90&#37; of the body surface and associated with facies leonina&#46; The skin disease led to a bacterial superinfection&#44; which is frequently reported with this entity&#44; followed by sepsis and death of the patient&#46; This case is perhaps one of the most severe and aggressive forms of the disease reported to date&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Case and Research Letters
Severe and Lethal Presentation of Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides
Micosis fungoide foliculotropa de presentación grave y letal
E. Uribe-Bojaninia,
Autor para correspondencia
uribe.esteban@uces.edu.co

Corresponding author.
, C. Santa-Véleza,b, X. Rueda-Cadenab, S.D. Moralesb
a Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
b Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous lymphomas are a neoplastic abnormality of the skin that present in 4&#37; of all lymphomas&#46; Eighty percent of cutaneous lymphomas originate in T lymphocytes and&#44; of these&#44; half are mycosis fungoides&#46; The incidence of this disease has been calculated at 0&#46;4 cases per 100&#44;000 inhabitants per year and it mainly presents in older adults&#44; with an average age of 60 years&#46; Approximately 70&#37; of patients are white and the disease occurs more frequently in men than in women&#46; Follicular or folliculotropic mycosis fungoides is a rare variant of this type of T-cell cutaneous lymphoma&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 28-year-old man born on the Pacific coast of Colombia&#44; who was a member of an outlawed armed group living in the jungle&#44; visited the emergency department with skin lesions that had appeared 4 years earlier and which had become generalized&#46; The patient had no prior diagnosis and had not received any treatment&#46; Physical examination revealed multiple coalescing hyperkeratotic infiltrated tumorous lesions on the face&#44; scalp&#44; torso&#44; back&#44; arms&#44; and legs&#46; The patient presented facies leonina on the face&#44; with loss of adnexa&#44; madarosis&#44; and loss of eyelashes and body hair&#46; The scalp showed suppurating cerebriform lesions&#46; No involvement of the oral or genital mucosa was observed&#46; Palpation revealed no enlarged lymph nodes or organs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Empirical treatment with ampicillin&#8211;sulbactam and vancomycin was instated&#44; skin biopsies were taken&#44; and an analysis of disease extension was performed&#46; The patient died from cardiorespiratory failure due to sepsis and multiorgan failure&#46; The skin biopsies were reviewed post mortem by the dermatology department and revealed findings suggestive of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides&#59; this finding was also supported by immune-staining tests &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Owing to the suspected diagnosis&#44; a molecular study was performed of the tissue embedded in paraffin&#59; the study confirmed clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gamma &#40;TCRG&#41; chain&#46; These findings support the diagnosis of a lymphoid tumor &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Tests for infection with human immunodeficiency virus&#44; syphilis&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> were negative&#46; Leprosy was ruled out by serologic studies and lymph node aspirates&#46; Cultures for deep mycoses and mycobacteria were also negative&#46; Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen revealed no abnormalities&#46; The study of the bone-marrow sample was normal&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Follicular or folliculotropic mycosis fungoides is a rare variant of this type of T-cell cutaneous lymphoma&#44; which affects the hair follicles and generally does not affect the epidermis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The World Health Organization and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer &#40;WHO-EORTC&#41; consider it to be a variant of mycosis fungoides&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides affects the head and neck in 85&#37; of cases&#44; in the form of pruritic follicular papules&#44; acneiform lesions&#44; or cysts&#44; associated with alopecia&#44; and often with involvement of the eyebrows&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The lesions tend to be local and generalized forms are extremely rare&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The manifestation of facies leonina has been described in folliculotropic mycosis fungoides&#44; although it is rare&#59; a 2015 systematic review found only 24 patients with this association&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Ishibashi et al&#46; reported the case of a patient who also had a severe presentation of this disease with facies leonina&#44; images of which are very similar to the patient described by us&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The folliculotropic variant tends to be more aggressive than the plaque phase in mycosis fungoides and the mortality rate is similar to that of the tumoral phase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides is also more refractory&#46; Molecular clonality testing can be of considerable help in determining the diagnosis in cases such as this&#44; where diagnosis is difficult&#46; The test can be performed on samples of skin&#44; lymph node&#44; bone marrow&#44; or peripheral blood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Detection of one or more clones does not necessarily indicate neoplasia and the test results should therefore be assessed together with the clinical&#44; histologic&#44; and immunophenotyping findings&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; we report the case of a patient with folliculotropic mycosis fungoides confirmed by means of skin biopsy&#44; immune staining&#44; and molecular biology study&#44; with severe and generalized presentation involving more than 90&#37; of the body surface and associated with facies leonina&#46; The skin disease led to a bacterial superinfection&#44; which is frequently reported with this entity&#44; followed by sepsis and death of the patient&#46; This case is perhaps one of the most severe and aggressive forms of the disease reported to date&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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