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Metastases involving the skin tend also to involve the bone&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Case 1</span></span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first patient in this report is a 76-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis and hypertension under treatment with valsartan&#44; paracetamol&#44; methotrexate&#44; and torsemide&#46; In July 2011&#44; she underwent surgery for myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast with squamous differentiation&#44; which was treated with surgical excision of the tumor and sentinel lymph node followed by tamoxifen&#46; Computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; of the chest&#44; abdomen&#44; and pelvis showed no signs of distant metastasis&#46; In July 2012&#44; she developed local recurrence in the same breast&#46; Follow-up examination identified a pulmonary nodule suggestive of neoplastic invasion and the patient was scheduled for removal of the lower right lobe&#59; the diagnosis was metastatic myoepithelial carcinoma&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In March 2013&#44; the patient presented with painful&#44; fast-growing lesions of 2 months&#8217; duration on the third finger of the right hand&#46; The physical examination showed an erythematous plaque that mainly affected the finger pad and featured several papules&#44; some of which were slightly eroded&#44; in addition to small palpable nodules &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#46; The lesion was particularly painful on palpation&#46; Given the suspicion of cutaneous metastasis&#44; we performed a 4-mm punch biopsy of 1 of the nodules&#46; Histopathologic examination showed solid nests with expansive borders that mainly affected the mid and deep dermis&#46; The epidermis had been pushed up and rejected by the expansive growth&#44; and there was no visible connection between the two&#46; The nests were formed by round cells with central and excentric nuclei&#44; lumpy chromatin&#44; and granular cytoplasm &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41;&#46; The immunohistochemical study showed positivity for actin and neuroendocrine markers &#40;enolase&#44; synaptophysin&#44; and CD56&#41; and negativity for CK7&#44; CK20&#44; EMA&#44; CEA&#44; GCDFP-15&#44; and hormone receptors &#40;Fig&#46;&#160;1 C and D&#41;&#46; The X-ray study of the affected joint showed no alterations&#46; In view of the patient&#39;s clinical situation&#44; a palliative approach was decided on in conjunction with the oncology department&#46; The patient died several months later&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Case 2</span></span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second patient was a 77-year-old man with a history of hypertension&#44; dyslipidemia&#44; and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under treatment with atorvastatin&#44; budesonide&#47;inhaled formoterol&#44; and valsartan&#47;hydrochlorothiazide&#46; He was an ex-smoker of over 150 pack-years and had quit in 2008 when operated on for cancer of the tongue&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">He presented in October 2014 with a lesion of 20 days&#8217; duration on the pulp of the little finger of his right hand&#46; The lesion was painful to the touch and the patient reported no history of trauma&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical examination showed an erythematous-pink tumor with a maximum diameter of 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm on the pulp of the right hand with keratotic areas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>A&#41;&#46; A 4-mm punch biopsy was performed and histopathologic examination showed a partially ulcerated epidermis&#46; In the dermis there was a proliferation of neoplastic cells with an epithelial appearance&#44; together with abundant mitotic figures and nuclear atypia &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>B&#41;&#46; The cells showed positive cytokeratin staining&#46; On suspecting an acral metastasis&#44; we performed a CT scan of the chest&#44; abdomen&#44; and pelvis&#44; which showed a large tumor with a 6-cm diameter on the right upper lobe with bronchial involvement and mediastinal invasion&#59; the scan also showed multiple intraparenchymal nodules on the left lung&#46; The diagnosis was acral metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer&#46; The phalanx of the affected finger was amputated as the X-ray study showed bone involvement&#46; The oncology team decided to administer chemotherapy&#46; The disease&#44; however&#44; progressed and the patient died several months later&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Discussion</span></span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An estimated 23&#46;9&#37; of patients with breast cancer develop cutaneous metastases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> This is the most common type of cutaneous metastasis seen in dermatology departments because of the high incidence of breast cancer&#46; The most common sites for metastasis from this location are the chest and abdomen&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The lesions generally appear as indurated nodules that tend to cluster together creating plaques that may become ulcerated&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Other lesions include inflammatory or erysipeloid lesions&#44; carcinoma en cuirasse&#44; alopecia neoplastica of the scalp&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> telangiectatic carcinoma&#44; and histiocytoid carcinoma of the eyelid&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Epidermotropic metastases from breast cancer mimicking extramammary Paget disease are also seen&#44; albeit infrequently&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous metastasis from lung cancer is the most common type of cutaneous metastasis in men&#44; and&#44; as occurred in our case&#44; it can be the first sign of a primary tumor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Over 50&#37; of cases are seen in patients with non-small cell lung cancers&#46; The most common sites for metastasis in this setting are the chest&#44; abdomen&#44; upper lip&#44; and back&#46; The lesions generally appear as solitary or multiple erythematous-violaceous nodular lesions that tend to ulcerate&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Acral metastases are rare&#44; but the most common site is the tip of the nose&#44; giving the appearance of what has been termed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clown nose</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The incidence of different types of cutaneous metastasis is directly linked to that of the most common cancers&#46; In women&#44; for example&#44; the most common cutaneous metastasis is from breast cancer&#44; the most common cancer in women&#44; while in men&#44; it is from lung cancer&#46; Analysis of age-standardized incidence&#44; however&#44; shows that most common cutaneous metastases in men under 45 years of age are from melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acral metastases are uncommon clinical findings and account for just 0&#46;1&#37; of all metastatic lesions&#46; They can be monostotic&#44; polyostotic&#44; unilateral&#44; or bilateral &#40;although they are rarely symmetric&#41;&#46; They can sometimes affect the fingers or toes&#46; Most metastases to the fingers and toes start in the bone and then spread to the skin rather than the other way round&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> The most common primary cancers that cause metastases to the fingers and toes are lung and endometrial cancer&#44; respectively&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Acral involvement in patients with metastatic breast cancer is rare&#46; In a retrospective study of 4020 patients with metastatic cancer by Lookingbill et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> of 212 women with cutaneous metastasis from breast cancer&#44; none of them had acral metastases&#46; This was also the case for patients with metastatic lung cancer&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histology is essential for diagnosing acral metastasis and investigating the site of the primary tumor via immunohistochemical studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In the first patient described in the present report&#44; the primary tumor and cutaneous metastases both corresponded to myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast&#46; This histologic subtype of breast cancer is extremely rare&#46; Microscopic findings include spindle cells with poorly defined borders forming a storiform pattern&#46; Three cell types can be observed&#58; clear cells&#44; plasmacytoid cells&#44; and epithelial cells&#46; The biologic behavior of malignant myoepithelioma of the breast is not yet fully understood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> In the case of skin involvement&#44; there tends to be continuity between the 2 foci&#46; To our knowledge&#44; ours is the first report of acral involvement&#46; The second patient in this report had non-small cell lung cancer that had large cells containing eosinophilic cytoplasm and expressed CK5&#47;6&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The differential diagnosis should include infections &#40;bacterial&#44; mycobacterial&#44; viral&#41;&#44; inflammatory disease &#40;gout&#44; rheumatoid arthritis&#44; granulation tissue&#41;&#44; benign tumors &#40;pyogenic granuloma&#44; glomus tumor&#44; epidermoid cyst&#41;&#44; primary malignant tumors &#40;Bowen disease&#44; epitheliomas&#44; melanoma&#44; eccrine porocarcinoma&#44; sarcoma&#41;&#44; and hematologic disease &#40;leukemia&#44; myeloma&#44; Langerhans cell histiocytosis&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13&#44;16</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have presented 2 cases of acral cutaneous metastases from the breast and lungs&#46; Of note in the first case&#44; the patient with breast cancer&#44; is the acral location of the metastasis&#44; the noninvolvement of the distal phalanx&#44; the rare histologic subtype &#40;myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast&#41;&#44; and its highly aggressive behavior&#46; Of note in the second case is the fact that the finger lesion enabled detection of a primary lung tumor&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conflicts of Interest</span></span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            2 => "Carcinoma"
            3 => "Lung"
            4 => "Myoepithelial cells"
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            0 => "Met&#225;stasis"
            1 => "Acral"
            2 => "Carcinoma"
            3 => "Pulm&#243;n"
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            5 => "Mama"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous metastases appear in 0&#46;6&#37; to 10&#46;4&#37; of malignant tumors and account for 2&#37; of all cutaneous tumors&#46; Metastasis to the skin may arise from progression of a known primary tumor or provide the first sign of an unsuspected one&#46; Acral metastases are particularly unusual&#46; Most derive from bone tumors&#46; Clinical signs vary and the lesions generally resemble infection or inflammation&#44; leading to diagnostic delays&#46; When metastasis involves the fingers&#44; the primary tumor is usually lung carcinoma&#46; In contrast&#44; toe involvement usually derives from a tumor in the genitourinary tract&#46; A pathologic diagnosis in these cases is necessary and will suggest the location of the primary tumor&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We report 2 cases of metastasis to the fingers&#46; One is the first report of acral metastasis of a myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast&#46; The other concerns acral metastasis as the first sign of lung carcinoma&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las met&#225;stasis cut&#225;neas aparecen en el 0&#44;6-10&#44;4&#37; de los pacientes con tumores malignos y representan hasta el 2&#37; de los tumores cut&#225;neos&#46; En algunos casos representan la primera manifestaci&#243;n de una neoplasia no conocida&#46; Adem&#225;s pueden poner de manifiesto la progresi&#243;n metast&#225;sica del tumor primario&#46; Las met&#225;stasis de localizaci&#243;n acral son particularmente raras&#46; En la mayor&#237;a de los casos aparecen secundariamente a afectaci&#243;n &#243;sea&#46; Aunque la cl&#237;nica es variable&#44; generalmente se confunden con un proceso infeccioso o inflamatorio&#44; retras&#225;ndose el diagn&#243;stico&#46; Cuando se localizan en los dedos de la mano la causa m&#225;s frecuente es el carcinoma de pulm&#243;n&#44; mientras que las localizadas en los dedos de los pies suelen deberse a tumores del tracto genitourinario&#46; El estudio dermatopatol&#243;gico en estos casos es fundamental para establecer el diagn&#243;stico y orientar hacia el origen del tumor primario&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presentamos 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>casos cl&#237;nicos de met&#225;stasis digital acral&#46; El primero de ellos representa el primer caso de la literatura de met&#225;stasis acral de mioepitelioma maligno &#40;carcinoma mioepitelial&#41; de mama y el otro una met&#225;stasis acral como manifestaci&#243;n inicial de carcinoma de pulm&#243;n&#46;</p></span>"
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        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Ba&#241;os-Ar&#233;valo AJ&#44; L&#243;pez-Navarro N&#44; Gallego-Dom&#237;nguez E&#44; Herrera E&#46; Acral Metastasis of the Fingers&#58; Report of 2 Cases&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2018&#59;109&#58;e1&#8211;e4&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#44; Painful erythematous plaque on the finger containing several superficial nodules and papules&#44; some of which are eroded&#46; B&#44; Proliferation of small cells with round&#44; hyperchromatic nuclei with scant eosinophilic cytoplasm forming cords immersed in a basophilic matrix&#46; Some mitotic figures are observed&#46; There are no areas of squamous differentiation&#46; C&#44; Actin staining showing strong cytoplasmic positivity&#46; D&#44; S-100 staining showing strong cytoplasmic positivity&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#44; Erythematous-pink tumor on the pulp of the little finger of the right hand containing several keratotic areas&#46; B&#44; Dermal proliferation of neoplastic cells with an epithelial appearance&#44; abundant mitotic figures&#44; and nuclear atypia&#46;</p>"
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e- Case Report
Acral Metastasis of the Fingers: Report of 2 Cases
Metástasis digital acral: presentación de 2casos clínicos
A.J. Baños-Arévalo, N. López-Navarro, E. Gallego-Domínguez
Autor para correspondencia
ajbare88@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, E. Herrera
Servicio de Dermatología y Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
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    "titulo" => "Acral Metastasis of the Fingers&#58; Report of 2 Cases"
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        "autoresLista" => "A&#46;J&#46; Ba&#241;os-Ar&#233;valo, N&#46; L&#243;pez-Navarro, E&#46; Gallego-Dom&#237;nguez, E&#46; Herrera"
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        "titulo" => "Met&#225;stasis digital acral&#58; presentaci&#243;n de 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>casos cl&#237;nicos"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#44; Erythematous-pink tumor on the pulp of the little finger of the right hand containing several keratotic areas&#46; B&#44; Dermal proliferation of neoplastic cells with an epithelial appearance&#44; abundant mitotic figures&#44; and nuclear atypia&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Introduction</span></span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Between 0&#46;6&#37; and 10&#46;4&#37; of patients with malignant tumors develop cutaneous metastases&#44; which can alert to the presence of an unknown tumor in up to 1&#37; of cases&#46; Based on data from different series&#44; cutaneous metastases account for up to 2&#37; of all tumors involving the skin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> At times&#44; they can be difficult to recognize because of their varying clinical presentations and histopathologic features&#46; This variability can lead to delayed diagnoses of both the metastasis and the primary tumor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Acral cutaneous metastases are uncommon and there have been very few reports in the literature&#46; Metastases involving the skin tend also to involve the bone&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Case 1</span></span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first patient in this report is a 76-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis and hypertension under treatment with valsartan&#44; paracetamol&#44; methotrexate&#44; and torsemide&#46; In July 2011&#44; she underwent surgery for myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast with squamous differentiation&#44; which was treated with surgical excision of the tumor and sentinel lymph node followed by tamoxifen&#46; Computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; of the chest&#44; abdomen&#44; and pelvis showed no signs of distant metastasis&#46; In July 2012&#44; she developed local recurrence in the same breast&#46; Follow-up examination identified a pulmonary nodule suggestive of neoplastic invasion and the patient was scheduled for removal of the lower right lobe&#59; the diagnosis was metastatic myoepithelial carcinoma&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In March 2013&#44; the patient presented with painful&#44; fast-growing lesions of 2 months&#8217; duration on the third finger of the right hand&#46; The physical examination showed an erythematous plaque that mainly affected the finger pad and featured several papules&#44; some of which were slightly eroded&#44; in addition to small palpable nodules &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#46; The lesion was particularly painful on palpation&#46; Given the suspicion of cutaneous metastasis&#44; we performed a 4-mm punch biopsy of 1 of the nodules&#46; Histopathologic examination showed solid nests with expansive borders that mainly affected the mid and deep dermis&#46; The epidermis had been pushed up and rejected by the expansive growth&#44; and there was no visible connection between the two&#46; The nests were formed by round cells with central and excentric nuclei&#44; lumpy chromatin&#44; and granular cytoplasm &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41;&#46; The immunohistochemical study showed positivity for actin and neuroendocrine markers &#40;enolase&#44; synaptophysin&#44; and CD56&#41; and negativity for CK7&#44; CK20&#44; EMA&#44; CEA&#44; GCDFP-15&#44; and hormone receptors &#40;Fig&#46;&#160;1 C and D&#41;&#46; The X-ray study of the affected joint showed no alterations&#46; In view of the patient&#39;s clinical situation&#44; a palliative approach was decided on in conjunction with the oncology department&#46; The patient died several months later&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Case 2</span></span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second patient was a 77-year-old man with a history of hypertension&#44; dyslipidemia&#44; and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under treatment with atorvastatin&#44; budesonide&#47;inhaled formoterol&#44; and valsartan&#47;hydrochlorothiazide&#46; He was an ex-smoker of over 150 pack-years and had quit in 2008 when operated on for cancer of the tongue&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">He presented in October 2014 with a lesion of 20 days&#8217; duration on the pulp of the little finger of his right hand&#46; The lesion was painful to the touch and the patient reported no history of trauma&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical examination showed an erythematous-pink tumor with a maximum diameter of 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm on the pulp of the right hand with keratotic areas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>A&#41;&#46; A 4-mm punch biopsy was performed and histopathologic examination showed a partially ulcerated epidermis&#46; In the dermis there was a proliferation of neoplastic cells with an epithelial appearance&#44; together with abundant mitotic figures and nuclear atypia &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>B&#41;&#46; The cells showed positive cytokeratin staining&#46; On suspecting an acral metastasis&#44; we performed a CT scan of the chest&#44; abdomen&#44; and pelvis&#44; which showed a large tumor with a 6-cm diameter on the right upper lobe with bronchial involvement and mediastinal invasion&#59; the scan also showed multiple intraparenchymal nodules on the left lung&#46; The diagnosis was acral metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer&#46; The phalanx of the affected finger was amputated as the X-ray study showed bone involvement&#46; The oncology team decided to administer chemotherapy&#46; The disease&#44; however&#44; progressed and the patient died several months later&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Discussion</span></span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An estimated 23&#46;9&#37; of patients with breast cancer develop cutaneous metastases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> This is the most common type of cutaneous metastasis seen in dermatology departments because of the high incidence of breast cancer&#46; The most common sites for metastasis from this location are the chest and abdomen&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The lesions generally appear as indurated nodules that tend to cluster together creating plaques that may become ulcerated&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Other lesions include inflammatory or erysipeloid lesions&#44; carcinoma en cuirasse&#44; alopecia neoplastica of the scalp&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> telangiectatic carcinoma&#44; and histiocytoid carcinoma of the eyelid&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Epidermotropic metastases from breast cancer mimicking extramammary Paget disease are also seen&#44; albeit infrequently&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous metastasis from lung cancer is the most common type of cutaneous metastasis in men&#44; and&#44; as occurred in our case&#44; it can be the first sign of a primary tumor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Over 50&#37; of cases are seen in patients with non-small cell lung cancers&#46; The most common sites for metastasis in this setting are the chest&#44; abdomen&#44; upper lip&#44; and back&#46; The lesions generally appear as solitary or multiple erythematous-violaceous nodular lesions that tend to ulcerate&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Acral metastases are rare&#44; but the most common site is the tip of the nose&#44; giving the appearance of what has been termed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clown nose</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The incidence of different types of cutaneous metastasis is directly linked to that of the most common cancers&#46; In women&#44; for example&#44; the most common cutaneous metastasis is from breast cancer&#44; the most common cancer in women&#44; while in men&#44; it is from lung cancer&#46; Analysis of age-standardized incidence&#44; however&#44; shows that most common cutaneous metastases in men under 45 years of age are from melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acral metastases are uncommon clinical findings and account for just 0&#46;1&#37; of all metastatic lesions&#46; They can be monostotic&#44; polyostotic&#44; unilateral&#44; or bilateral &#40;although they are rarely symmetric&#41;&#46; They can sometimes affect the fingers or toes&#46; Most metastases to the fingers and toes start in the bone and then spread to the skin rather than the other way round&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> The most common primary cancers that cause metastases to the fingers and toes are lung and endometrial cancer&#44; respectively&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Acral involvement in patients with metastatic breast cancer is rare&#46; In a retrospective study of 4020 patients with metastatic cancer by Lookingbill et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> of 212 women with cutaneous metastasis from breast cancer&#44; none of them had acral metastases&#46; This was also the case for patients with metastatic lung cancer&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histology is essential for diagnosing acral metastasis and investigating the site of the primary tumor via immunohistochemical studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In the first patient described in the present report&#44; the primary tumor and cutaneous metastases both corresponded to myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast&#46; This histologic subtype of breast cancer is extremely rare&#46; Microscopic findings include spindle cells with poorly defined borders forming a storiform pattern&#46; Three cell types can be observed&#58; clear cells&#44; plasmacytoid cells&#44; and epithelial cells&#46; The biologic behavior of malignant myoepithelioma of the breast is not yet fully understood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> In the case of skin involvement&#44; there tends to be continuity between the 2 foci&#46; To our knowledge&#44; ours is the first report of acral involvement&#46; The second patient in this report had non-small cell lung cancer that had large cells containing eosinophilic cytoplasm and expressed CK5&#47;6&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The differential diagnosis should include infections &#40;bacterial&#44; mycobacterial&#44; viral&#41;&#44; inflammatory disease &#40;gout&#44; rheumatoid arthritis&#44; granulation tissue&#41;&#44; benign tumors &#40;pyogenic granuloma&#44; glomus tumor&#44; epidermoid cyst&#41;&#44; primary malignant tumors &#40;Bowen disease&#44; epitheliomas&#44; melanoma&#44; eccrine porocarcinoma&#44; sarcoma&#41;&#44; and hematologic disease &#40;leukemia&#44; myeloma&#44; Langerhans cell histiocytosis&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13&#44;16</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have presented 2 cases of acral cutaneous metastases from the breast and lungs&#46; Of note in the first case&#44; the patient with breast cancer&#44; is the acral location of the metastasis&#44; the noninvolvement of the distal phalanx&#44; the rare histologic subtype &#40;myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast&#41;&#44; and its highly aggressive behavior&#46; Of note in the second case is the fact that the finger lesion enabled detection of a primary lung tumor&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conflicts of Interest</span></span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            0 => "Met&#225;stasis"
            1 => "Acral"
            2 => "Carcinoma"
            3 => "Pulm&#243;n"
            4 => "Mioepitelial"
            5 => "Mama"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous metastases appear in 0&#46;6&#37; to 10&#46;4&#37; of malignant tumors and account for 2&#37; of all cutaneous tumors&#46; Metastasis to the skin may arise from progression of a known primary tumor or provide the first sign of an unsuspected one&#46; Acral metastases are particularly unusual&#46; Most derive from bone tumors&#46; Clinical signs vary and the lesions generally resemble infection or inflammation&#44; leading to diagnostic delays&#46; When metastasis involves the fingers&#44; the primary tumor is usually lung carcinoma&#46; In contrast&#44; toe involvement usually derives from a tumor in the genitourinary tract&#46; A pathologic diagnosis in these cases is necessary and will suggest the location of the primary tumor&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We report 2 cases of metastasis to the fingers&#46; One is the first report of acral metastasis of a myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast&#46; The other concerns acral metastasis as the first sign of lung carcinoma&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las met&#225;stasis cut&#225;neas aparecen en el 0&#44;6-10&#44;4&#37; de los pacientes con tumores malignos y representan hasta el 2&#37; de los tumores cut&#225;neos&#46; En algunos casos representan la primera manifestaci&#243;n de una neoplasia no conocida&#46; Adem&#225;s pueden poner de manifiesto la progresi&#243;n metast&#225;sica del tumor primario&#46; Las met&#225;stasis de localizaci&#243;n acral son particularmente raras&#46; En la mayor&#237;a de los casos aparecen secundariamente a afectaci&#243;n &#243;sea&#46; Aunque la cl&#237;nica es variable&#44; generalmente se confunden con un proceso infeccioso o inflamatorio&#44; retras&#225;ndose el diagn&#243;stico&#46; Cuando se localizan en los dedos de la mano la causa m&#225;s frecuente es el carcinoma de pulm&#243;n&#44; mientras que las localizadas en los dedos de los pies suelen deberse a tumores del tracto genitourinario&#46; El estudio dermatopatol&#243;gico en estos casos es fundamental para establecer el diagn&#243;stico y orientar hacia el origen del tumor primario&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presentamos 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>casos cl&#237;nicos de met&#225;stasis digital acral&#46; El primero de ellos representa el primer caso de la literatura de met&#225;stasis acral de mioepitelioma maligno &#40;carcinoma mioepitelial&#41; de mama y el otro una met&#225;stasis acral como manifestaci&#243;n inicial de carcinoma de pulm&#243;n&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Ba&#241;os-Ar&#233;valo AJ&#44; L&#243;pez-Navarro N&#44; Gallego-Dom&#237;nguez E&#44; Herrera E&#46; Acral Metastasis of the Fingers&#58; Report of 2 Cases&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2018&#59;109&#58;e1&#8211;e4&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#44; Painful erythematous plaque on the finger containing several superficial nodules and papules&#44; some of which are eroded&#46; B&#44; Proliferation of small cells with round&#44; hyperchromatic nuclei with scant eosinophilic cytoplasm forming cords immersed in a basophilic matrix&#46; Some mitotic figures are observed&#46; There are no areas of squamous differentiation&#46; C&#44; Actin staining showing strong cytoplasmic positivity&#46; D&#44; S-100 staining showing strong cytoplasmic positivity&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#44; Erythematous-pink tumor on the pulp of the little finger of the right hand containing several keratotic areas&#46; B&#44; Dermal proliferation of neoplastic cells with an epithelial appearance&#44; abundant mitotic figures&#44; and nuclear atypia&#46;</p>"
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                            0 => "D&#46;P&#46; Lookingbill"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol&#46;"
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                      "titulo" => "Cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies&#58; A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical review"
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                            0 => "I&#46; Alcaraz"
                            1 => "L&#46; Cerroni"
                            2 => "A&#46; R&#252;tten"
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                            4 => "L&#46; Requena"
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                      "doi" => "10.1097/DAD.0b013e31823069cf"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Dermatopathol&#46;"
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