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Wortsman, F. Millard, L. Aranibar" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "X." "apellidos" => "Wortsman" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "xworts@yahoo.com" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Millard" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Aranibar" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Imágenes, Instituto de Investigación y Diagnóstico por Imágenes en Piel y Tejidos Blandos, Santiago, Chile" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Ecografía Doppler color en malformaciones glomuvenosas con correlación clínica e histológica" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1849 "Ancho" => 3333 "Tamanyo" => 680519 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A-B, Color Doppler spectral analysis showing single-phase venous vascularization in affected areas. C-F, Color Doppler spectral analysis showing two-phase (systolic and diastolic) arterial vascularization in affected areas.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Glomuvenous malformations (GVMs) are hamartomatous lesions characterized by the presence of glomus cells in the vascular smooth muscle.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Unlike most vascular malformations, histologic examination of GVMs reveals glomus cells. Unlike glomus tumors, histology does not show a hyperplastic or proliferative tumoral pattern of the glomus cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–4</span></a> The glomus cells correspond to modified smooth muscle cells surrounding arteriovenous anastomoses in the neuromyoarterial plexuses, which regulate blood flow and temperature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,5</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In more than 60% of cases, GVMs follow an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion in the presence of blue or violaceous nodular or elongated structures that are sensitive to the touch, although to a lesser degree than glomus tumors. GVMs are often arranged linearly and sometimes have a dermatomal distribution.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years, a growing number of studies have demonstrated the utility of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of skin diseases, including vascular malformations and glomus tumors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present the clinical and color Doppler ultrasound features of a series of 13 cases of histologically confirmed glomuvenous malformations (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). All Doppler ultrasound studies were ordered by a physician after a dermatologic evaluation and carried out in accordance with the medical ethics principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Clinical Evaluation</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thirteen patients were evaluated (62% men and 38% women; mean [SD] age, 15 [18] years; range, 8-66 years). Bluish-violaceous nodules sensitive to the touch were present in all patients. Multiple segments (2 or more) were affected in 62% of patients and only 1 site was affected in 38% of patients. The number of body segments affected in each patient ranged from 1 to 5, with a mean of 2 segments affected per patient (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Ultrasound Examination</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients were evaluated with color Doppler ultrasound with a compact high-frequency linear transducer (LOGIQ E9 XDclear, General Electric; maximum frequency 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MHz).</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The location (dermis or hypodermis), nature (solid, cystic, mixed), borders, echogenicity (hyperechoic, hypoechoic, anechoic), presence, type (arterial, venous, both), and flow velocity (cm/s) were described (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). In all cases, color Doppler ultrasound study revealed moderately delimited superficial dermal and hypodermal pseudonodular structures of mixed echogenicity, with hypoechoic and heterogeneous areas and anechoic, pseudocystic tubular and lacunar zones. Arterial and venous vessels, mainly with low-flow (≤ 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm/s), were observed in 85% of patients, but no arteriovenous shunts were present. Deeper structures were not affected and no phleboliths were detected (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0010">Figs. 2 and 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Histologic Examination</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In all cases, histologic examination revealed lesions composed of congestive blood vessels lined by a typical thin endothelium and surrounded by cells with a glomus appearance. Immunohistochemistry was positive for actin and negative for desmin.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Discussion</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinical diagnosis of GVM can be challenging. The use of ultrasound can help to clarify the diagnosis. More than 80% of patients with glomus tumors initially receive an incorrect clinical diagnosis, with a mean duration of 14 years from onset of symptoms to correct diagnosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although GVM could be considered a variant of glomus tumor or venous vascular malformation, the combination of clinical, sonographic, and histologic data and the presence of multiple, congenital, linearly distributed, sensitive but not highly painful lesions suggests a different entity.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In an ultrasound study, GVM is differentiated from glomus tumors by the absence of well-defined hypoechoic nodular formations, which are characteristic of intra- and extradigital glomus tumors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,9</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sonographic differential diagnosis with arteriovenous vascular malformations is possible because spectral analysis in GVM usually does not show arterialized venous flow-through suggestive of arteriovenous communications or flow velocities<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm/s.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">GVM is distinguished from venous vascular malformations by the presence of low-flow arterial vessels with concomitant venous vascular structures.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The frequent finding of low arterial and venous flow in GVM suggests that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">glomuvenous</span> is not the most accurate term, as it does not reflect the arterial component of this entity. A less confusing and more anatomically correct name would be <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">glomus vascular malformation</span>.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The utility of ultrasound in the study of GVM is limited by the sensitivity of the ultrasound equipment currently available, which is capable of detecting flow velocities of ≥ 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm/s. Therefore, vessels with capillary, slow, or ectatic flow would not be perceptible in color Doppler spectral analysis.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moreover, color Doppler ultrasound can help to rule out subclinical foci of lesions and areas of intralesional thrombosis and to detect and define the lesion's precise location, extent, and relationship with adjacent structures, which can be helpful if surgical intervention is necessary.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However, the use of color Doppler ultrasound in dermatology requires training in the operation of the equipment, a constant practice, and the use of a standardized protocol.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, clinical-sonographic correlation could help to improve diagnostic accuracy in GVM and assist in surgical planning or noninvasive follow-up.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Ethical Disclosures</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Protection of persons and animals</span>. The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for the purpose of this study.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Data confidentiality</span>. The authors declare that they followed their hospital's regulations regarding the publication of patient information.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Right to privacy and informed consent</span>. The authors declare that no private patient data appear in this article.</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1011125" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec970518" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1011126" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec970519" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Clinical Evaluation" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Ultrasound Examination" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Histologic Examination" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Ethical Disclosures" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec970518" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Glomuvenous malformation ultrasound" 1 => "Glomangioma ultrasound" 2 => "Dermatologic ultrasound" 3 => "Skin ultrasound" 4 => "Vascular malformations" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec970519" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Malformación glomuvenosa ecografía" 1 => "Glomangioma ecografía" 2 => "Ultrasonido dermatológico" 3 => "Ultrasonido piel" 4 => "Malformaciones vasculares" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Glomuvenous malformations are hamartomatous lesions characterized by the presence of glomus cells in the vascular smooth muscle. We present the clinical and color Doppler ultrasound features of a series of 13 cases of histologically confirmed glomuvenous malformations. In all cases, the ultrasound study revealed moderately delimited superficial dermal and hypodermal pseudonodular structures of mixed echogenicity, with hypoechoic and heterogeneous areas and anechoic, pseudocystic tubular and lacunar zones. Arterial and venous vessels, mainly with a low flow (≤ 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm/s) were observed in 85% of patients, but no arteriovenous shunts were present. Deeper structures were not affected and no phleboliths were detected. The clinical and ultrasound findings could facilitate diagnosis, surgical planning, and noninvasive follow-up in these tumors.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las malformaciones glomuvenosas son hamartomas originados por la presencia de células glómicas en el músculo liso de las estructuras vasculares. Presentamos una serie de 13 casos de malformaciones glomuvenosas evaluadas clínicamente, estudiadas con ecotomografía Doppler color y confirmadas histológicamente. En las ecografías se observaron en todos los casos formaciones dérmicas e hipodérmicas superficiales, moderadamente delimitadas, de ecoestructura mixta, pseudonodulares, hipoecogénicas y heterogéneas con áreas tubulares y lacunares anecogénicas pseudoquísticas. El 85% de los casos demostró presencia de vasos arteriales y venosos, con predominio de los de baja velocidad (≤ 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm/s) sin <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunts</span> arteriovenosos. No se visualizó compromiso de estructuras profundas ni flebolitos.</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los hallazgos clínicos y ecográficos podrían ayudar a precisar mejor el diagnóstico, la planificación quirúrgica o el seguimiento no invasivo en estas entidades.</p></span>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Wortsman X, Millard F, Aranibar L. Ecografía Doppler color en malformaciones glomuvenosas con correlación clínica e histológica. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2018;109:e17–e21.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1139 "Ancho" => 2333 "Tamanyo" => 412468 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A-E, Clinical presentations of glomuvenous malformations. Bluish or violaceous papules and nodules, some with a linear and dermatomal distribution.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1662 "Ancho" => 2917 "Tamanyo" => 464407 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A-F, Color Doppler ultrasound images showing the sonographic appearance of glomuvenous malformations, with dermal and hypodermal pseudonodular formations of mixed echogenicity, with hypoechoic areas and anechoic lacunar and tubular zones with variable vascularization.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1849 "Ancho" => 3333 "Tamanyo" => 680519 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A-B, Color Doppler spectral analysis showing single-phase venous vascularization in affected areas. C-F, Color Doppler spectral analysis showing two-phase (systolic and diastolic) arterial vascularization in affected areas.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations: F, female; M, male.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age, y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. of Segments \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Description \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Involvement \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Flow \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Flow Rate, cm/s \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Hand and foot \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Multiple \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Arterial and venous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Thigh and leg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Multiple \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lower back \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Single \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Arterial and venous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Heel \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Single \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Arterial \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Arm, forearm, costal region, dorsal region, knee \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Multiple \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Arterial and venous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Foot \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Single \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Arterial and venous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Periumbilical area, arm, forearms \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Multiple \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Arterial and venous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Chest \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Multiple \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Arterial and venous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Thigh \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Single \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Arterial and venous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Anterior abdominal wall \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Multiple \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Arterial and venous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Arm, thigh \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Multiple \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Arterial and venous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Forearm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Single \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Arterial and venous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Dorsal region, lower back \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Multiple \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Arterial and venous \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1712393.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical and Sonographic Characteristics.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Glomuvenous malformations with smooth muscle and eccrine glands: Unusual histopathologic features in a familial setting" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. 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año/Mes | Html | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
2024 Noviembre | 8 | 12 | 20 |
2024 Octubre | 93 | 38 | 131 |
2024 Septiembre | 99 | 20 | 119 |
2024 Agosto | 129 | 60 | 189 |
2024 Julio | 95 | 36 | 131 |
2024 Junio | 90 | 30 | 120 |
2024 Mayo | 77 | 38 | 115 |
2024 Abril | 93 | 46 | 139 |
2024 Marzo | 87 | 31 | 118 |
2024 Febrero | 92 | 44 | 136 |
2024 Enero | 90 | 29 | 119 |
2023 Diciembre | 94 | 30 | 124 |
2023 Noviembre | 97 | 30 | 127 |
2023 Octubre | 80 | 25 | 105 |
2023 Septiembre | 80 | 36 | 116 |
2023 Agosto | 65 | 21 | 86 |
2023 Julio | 94 | 55 | 149 |
2023 Junio | 103 | 30 | 133 |
2023 Mayo | 110 | 32 | 142 |
2023 Abril | 101 | 40 | 141 |
2023 Marzo | 109 | 49 | 158 |
2023 Febrero | 91 | 24 | 115 |
2023 Enero | 82 | 49 | 131 |
2022 Diciembre | 80 | 46 | 126 |
2022 Noviembre | 34 | 31 | 65 |
2022 Octubre | 45 | 30 | 75 |
2022 Septiembre | 37 | 54 | 91 |
2022 Agosto | 38 | 36 | 74 |
2022 Julio | 24 | 47 | 71 |
2022 Junio | 24 | 30 | 54 |
2022 Mayo | 92 | 59 | 151 |
2022 Abril | 104 | 45 | 149 |
2022 Marzo | 110 | 71 | 181 |
2022 Febrero | 112 | 45 | 157 |
2022 Enero | 136 | 60 | 196 |
2021 Diciembre | 95 | 51 | 146 |
2021 Noviembre | 72 | 73 | 145 |
2021 Octubre | 86 | 68 | 154 |
2021 Septiembre | 70 | 54 | 124 |
2021 Agosto | 55 | 68 | 123 |
2021 Julio | 50 | 46 | 96 |
2021 Junio | 53 | 52 | 105 |
2021 Mayo | 63 | 58 | 121 |
2021 Abril | 189 | 109 | 298 |
2021 Marzo | 99 | 59 | 158 |
2021 Febrero | 80 | 52 | 132 |
2021 Enero | 77 | 50 | 127 |
2020 Diciembre | 58 | 44 | 102 |
2020 Noviembre | 39 | 37 | 76 |
2020 Octubre | 30 | 14 | 44 |
2020 Septiembre | 48 | 30 | 78 |
2020 Agosto | 38 | 25 | 63 |
2020 Julio | 34 | 27 | 61 |
2020 Junio | 39 | 42 | 81 |
2020 Mayo | 43 | 11 | 54 |
2020 Abril | 44 | 22 | 66 |
2020 Marzo | 28 | 12 | 40 |
2020 Febrero | 3 | 0 | 3 |
2020 Enero | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2019 Diciembre | 8 | 0 | 8 |
2019 Noviembre | 4 | 0 | 4 |
2019 Septiembre | 10 | 0 | 10 |
2019 Agosto | 4 | 0 | 4 |
2019 Julio | 4 | 0 | 4 |
2019 Junio | 4 | 0 | 4 |
2019 Mayo | 6 | 0 | 6 |
2019 Abril | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2019 Marzo | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2019 Febrero | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2018 Diciembre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2018 Noviembre | 3 | 0 | 3 |
2018 Octubre | 1 | 2 | 3 |
2018 Septiembre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2018 Abril | 2 | 0 | 2 |