Case and Research Letters
Can Psoriasis Produce Irreversible Alopecia?
¿La psoriasis produce alopecia irreversible?
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Utilidad de la ecografía cutánea" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1066 "Ancho" => 990 "Tamanyo" => 169185 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Well-defined, round and oval plaques affecting the anterior aspect of both lower legs. B, Detail of an isolated erythematous lesion, with orange, yellowish, brownish, and whitish areas; superficial atrophy and numerous telangiectasias can be observed. C, Dermoscopic image showing a dense network of branching anastomosing vessels on a yellow-orange background with whitish areas.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J. García-Gavín, L. Comba Pérez-Pérez, L. Requena, X. Wortsman" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "García-Gavín" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Comba Pérez-Pérez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Requena" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "X." 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"tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dear Editor:</span>" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "527" "paginaFinal" => "530" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Gutiérrez García-Rodrigo, R. Rivera Díaz, F. Vanaclocha Sebastián, J.L. Rodríguez Peralto" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Gutiérrez García-Rodrigo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "carlota.gutierrez.gr@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Rivera Díaz" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Vanaclocha Sebastián" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez Peralto" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "¿La psoriasis produce alopecia irreversible?" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 628 "Ancho" => 1750 "Tamanyo" => 255930 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Bilateral parietal and temporal alopecic plaques.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Can psoriasis cause irreversible alopecia? This was the question posed by one of our patients, a 21-year-old woman with no medical history of interest who had plaque psoriasis affecting the scalp, the upper part of the chest, and the midface area. Her condition, which had first developed more than 10 years earlier, was initially well controlled with topical drugs, but deteriorated rapidly when she was 18 years of age, causing significant psychosocial stress. Methotrexate, the first systemic treatment prescribed, was withdrawn due to poor tolerance. After that a very good response was achieved with ciclosporin, but her condition relapsed immediately when an attempt was made to reduce the dose. Ciclosporin was followed by etanercept, with minimal improvement; ustekinumab, which required frequent cycles of oral corticosteroids to control flares; and infliximab, to which she had a good response until the eighth cycle, when her condition became progressively more severe. The scalp was the site with the most severe and extensive lesions, and hair density was significantly reduced on the psoriatic plaques. When infliximab was discontinued, the patient was admitted to hospital to facilitate more intensive topical care and to start treatment with prednisone and methotrexate 12.5 mg/wk, a regimen that achieved significant improvement and good tolerance. Three months after the hospitalization, inflammation and scaling on the scalp were minimal, but the patient had large alopecic plaques on the parietal and temporal scalp, cicatricial in appearance. Histologic study of tissue from the edge of one of these plaques revealed psoriasiform epidermal changes, reduced hair follicle density, patchy peri-infundibular lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate, and fiber tracts as well as absent and atrophic sebaceous glands (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). After excluding other possible causes of alopecia (including bacterial and fungal superinfection), a diagnosis of psoriatic scarring alopecia was made. Two years later, the bald plaques persist, although partial repopulation has occurred (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). The patient has continued to experience psoriasis outbreaks, which some months ago required treatment with a combination of adalimumab and methotrexate, a regimen that achieved partial control of the lesions.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Scarring alopecia associated with scalp psoriasis was first described by Shuster in 1972,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> but has not yet been fully accepted; major doubts require clarification. In recent editions of dermatology books, psoriatic alopecia is described as a form of nonscarring alopecia; however, some 20 cases of scarring alopecia related to psoriasis have been reported in the international literature (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). The article by Runne and Kroneisen-Wiersma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> is the one that comes closest to the initial descriptive study by Shuster, encompassing the various clinical forms of alopecia in psoriasis, including a cicatricial type. Psoriatic scarring alopecia is usually characterized by a circumscribed pattern of hair loss and histology showing psoriasiform changes with perifollicular, or more specifically peri-infundibular, lymphocytic infiltrate and fibrous tracts. Atrophy of the sebaceous glands was initially described as characteristic of psoriatic plaques, with or without alopecia, but other authors have subsequently related this finding more specifically with psoriatic scarring alopecia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Also of note is the patchy follicular involvement, which would explain the subsequent hair repopulation, even when fibrosis is detected in the biopsy sample.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A more recent development is psoriatic alopecia induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. The prevalence of psoriasis as a paradoxical reaction to anti-TNF is estimated to be between 1.5% and 5%. It is considered to be particularly associated with infliximab and to frequently affect flexural areas and the scalp. Associated alopecia is exceptional, and scarring alopecia has been reported in only 1 case.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The etiology and pathogenesis of psoriatic scarring alopecia is not clear and several questions arise. If psoriasis causes inflammation and abnormal keratinization of the epidermis, why does it not have the same effect on follicular epithelium and alter the maturation of hair follicles with dystrophic bulbs, fine hairs and predominance of hairs in the telogen phase. If inflammation is severe, it is not surprising that inflammatory cells should invade the follicular epithelium, leading eventually to its destruction. On the other hand, if neutrophils are one of the cells primarily involved in the psoriatic process, why is folliculotropic lymphocytosis observed? Neither can we ignore the possible role of external factors, such as scratching, superinfection and even the weight exerted by the thick scales on the scalp, which may impede the normal growth and maturation of the follicle.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, psoriatic scarring alopecia is a rare and controversial condition which some authors consider to be a separate entity and others see as a secondary alteration. How then should we answer our patient's question? Does she have irreversible scarring alopecia? We do not know, and more clinical studies with histologic correlation and longer-term follow-up are needed. For the moment, for us and our patient, her condition is a “persistent” alopecia.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Gutiérrez García-Rodrigo C, Rivera Díaz R, Vanaclocha Sebastián F, Rodríguez Peralto JL. ¿La psoriasis produce alopecia irreversible?. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2016;107:527–530.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 802 "Ancho" => 1025 "Tamanyo" => 335972 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Vertical section. Note the marked reduction in hair follicle density and how follicles have been replaced by fibrous tracts.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 628 "Ancho" => 1750 "Tamanyo" => 255930 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Bilateral parietal and temporal alopecic plaques.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Year</th><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Authors</th><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases</th><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Psoriasiform</th><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fibrosis</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Histology</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Cultures \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Follow-Up</th><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Repopulation</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Perifollicular infiltrate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sebaceous Gland Atrophy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Bacteria and fungi \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1972 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Shuster<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 patient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1983 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Fernandes Rodrigues et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lymphohistiocytic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">— \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">— \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1990 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Wright and Messenger<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes, patchy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Peri-infundibular lymphocytic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3 mo \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">— \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1992 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Van de Kerkhof and Chang<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lymphohistiocytic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">— \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">— \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1992 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Runne and Kroneisen-Wiersma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes, patchy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Peri-infundibular lymphocytic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">— \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">— \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1995 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Kretzschmar et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lymphohistiocytic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">— \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">— \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1999 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bardazzi et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Peri-infundibular lymphocytic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">— \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">— \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Schön et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes, patchy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lymphocytic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">— \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">— \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2013 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Almeida et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3 wks \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">— \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Our case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes, patchy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lymphocytic peri-infundibular \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 y \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Partial \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1386717.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of Reported Cases of Scarring Alopecia Associated With Psoriasis.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Psoriatic alopecia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S. 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 4 | 10 | 14 |
| 2024 Octubre | 84 | 51 | 135 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 84 | 29 | 113 |
| 2024 Agosto | 110 | 50 | 160 |
| 2024 Julio | 77 | 44 | 121 |
| 2024 Junio | 103 | 39 | 142 |
| 2024 Mayo | 73 | 37 | 110 |
| 2024 Abril | 82 | 25 | 107 |
| 2024 Marzo | 65 | 33 | 98 |
| 2024 Febrero | 64 | 41 | 105 |
| 2024 Enero | 66 | 36 | 102 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 71 | 14 | 85 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 93 | 28 | 121 |
| 2023 Octubre | 67 | 28 | 95 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 61 | 33 | 94 |
| 2023 Agosto | 45 | 17 | 62 |
| 2023 Julio | 69 | 34 | 103 |
| 2023 Junio | 60 | 17 | 77 |
| 2023 Mayo | 61 | 25 | 86 |
| 2023 Abril | 55 | 15 | 70 |
| 2023 Marzo | 58 | 24 | 82 |
| 2023 Febrero | 82 | 27 | 109 |
| 2023 Enero | 43 | 44 | 87 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 91 | 37 | 128 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 53 | 25 | 78 |
| 2022 Octubre | 59 | 24 | 83 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 28 | 26 | 54 |
| 2022 Agosto | 18 | 36 | 54 |
| 2022 Julio | 39 | 37 | 76 |
| 2022 Junio | 29 | 24 | 53 |
| 2022 Mayo | 32 | 31 | 63 |
| 2022 Abril | 32 | 31 | 63 |
| 2022 Marzo | 30 | 42 | 72 |
| 2022 Febrero | 24 | 31 | 55 |
| 2022 Enero | 24 | 43 | 67 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 18 | 43 | 61 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 34 | 39 | 73 |
| 2021 Octubre | 34 | 42 | 76 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 35 | 44 | 79 |
| 2021 Agosto | 19 | 18 | 37 |
| 2021 Julio | 29 | 24 | 53 |
| 2021 Junio | 31 | 22 | 53 |
| 2021 Mayo | 29 | 43 | 72 |
| 2021 Abril | 56 | 64 | 120 |
| 2021 Marzo | 51 | 29 | 80 |
| 2021 Febrero | 55 | 28 | 83 |
| 2021 Enero | 30 | 12 | 42 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 27 | 9 | 36 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 15 | 20 | 35 |
| 2020 Octubre | 26 | 14 | 40 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 27 | 9 | 36 |
| 2020 Agosto | 19 | 16 | 35 |
| 2020 Julio | 63 | 13 | 76 |
| 2020 Junio | 32 | 27 | 59 |
| 2020 Mayo | 26 | 21 | 47 |
| 2020 Abril | 27 | 17 | 44 |
| 2020 Marzo | 31 | 23 | 54 |
| 2020 Febrero | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2020 Enero | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Agosto | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Julio | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Junio | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Mayo | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| 2019 Abril | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2019 Marzo | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2019 Febrero | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2019 Enero | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 Octubre | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 Febrero | 47 | 6 | 53 |
| 2018 Enero | 134 | 6 | 140 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 145 | 9 | 154 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 39 | 2 | 41 |
| 2017 Octubre | 36 | 5 | 41 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 18 | 7 | 25 |
| 2017 Agosto | 31 | 4 | 35 |
| 2017 Julio | 32 | 5 | 37 |
| 2017 Junio | 38 | 9 | 47 |
| 2017 Mayo | 42 | 9 | 51 |
| 2017 Abril | 29 | 12 | 41 |
| 2017 Marzo | 16 | 10 | 26 |
| 2017 Febrero | 21 | 8 | 29 |
| 2017 Enero | 16 | 6 | 22 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 31 | 12 | 43 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 33 | 13 | 46 |
| 2016 Octubre | 25 | 16 | 41 |
| 2016 Julio | 1 | 3 | 4 |
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