Case and Research Letters
Pityriasis Rotunda and Hyperprolactinemia
Pitiriasis rotunda e hiperprolactinemia
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B y C) Múltiples lesiones ovales en muslos. D) Acercamiento que evidencia descamación ictiosiforme de bordes regulares y delimitados. E) Hiperqueratosis compacta, adelgazamiento de la epidermis, ausencia de capa granulosa, aplanamiento de las crestas epidérmicas, hiperpigmentación de los queratinocitos basales, escaso infiltrado perivascular y escasa cantidad de anexos cutáneos (H&E ×10).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "V. Pinos-León, M. Núñez, M. Salazar, V. Solís-Bowen" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Pinos-León" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Núñez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Salazar" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." 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Pinos-León, M. Núñez, M. Salazar, V. Solís-Bowen" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Pinos-León" "email" => array:2 [ 0 => "vh_neo@msn.com" 1 => "vhpinosmd@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Núñez" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Salazar" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Solís-Bowen" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital San Francisco de Quito, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social, Quito, Ecuador" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Pitiriasis rotunda e hiperprolactinemia" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1318 "Ancho" => 1750 "Tamanyo" => 603810 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Hyperpigmented oval plaques on the back. B and C, Multiple oval lesions on the thighs. D, Close-up image showing ichthyosiform flaking with sharp, well-defined borders. E, Compact hyperkeratosis, thinning of the epidermis, absence of the granular layer, flattening of the epidermal crests, hyperpigmentation of the basal keratinocytes, a mild perivascular infiltrate, and few skin adnexa. Hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×10.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pityriasis rotunda (PR) is a rare acquired disease of keratinization. It presents as well-defined, scaly round plaques that can be hyper- or hypopigmented. PR mainly affects young adults of African descent and shows no gender preference. It has been associated with systemic diseases and malignant tumors, though many cases present no associated disorders.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> We present a case of intense PR associated with hyperprolactinemia.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was a 38-year-old African American woman with a history of hyperprolactinemia on treatment with cabergoline for the previous 7 months. She attended dermatology outpatients for a 9-month history of sharply outlined, circumscribed hyperpigmented plaques of ichthyosiform appearance, measuring 3 to 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in diameter (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). The patient stated that the lesions had first appeared on her chest and that they had gradually increased in size and number, spreading to the abdomen, buttocks, and upper and lower limbs. She reported no associated symptoms or previous treatment. Histopathology revealed hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, a reduction in the granular layer, increased pigmentation of the basal keratinocytes, loss of the crest pattern, and a mild superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). The findings were consistent with a diagnosis of PR.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Laboratory tests including complete blood count, biochemistry, urinalysis, Mantoux test, and tumor markers (α-fetoprotein, Ca 19.9, Ca 125, β<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>-microglobulin, and carcinoembryonic antigen) were normal or negative. Computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and colonoscopy were normal.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After making the diagnosis, treatment was started with 10% salicylic acid cream and a combination of betamethasone plus calcipotriol, which led to a partial response.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PR, a rare disorder of keratinization, was described by Toyoma in 1906 as pityriasis circinata.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The frequency in the American continent is unknown, but it is considered a common disease in Japan, western India, and South Africa, where the prevalence is of 63 cases per 5800 population. PR affects men and women equally and is most common between the ages of 20 and 45 years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The etiology is unknown, though the majority of authors believe PR to be an acquired form of ichthyosis, a late presentation of congenital ichthyosis, or a cutaneous manifestation of systemic diseases such as malnutrition, tuberculosis, cirrhosis, or tumors. It has also been associated with leprosy, lung and liver diseases, multiple myeloma, chronic myeloid leukemia, heart disease, and diabetes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Concerning the pathogenesis of PR, Makino et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> recently described a reduction or absence of expression of filaggrin 2 in the epidermis of PR lesions, similar to the findings in lesions of atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis vulgaris, and psoriasis vulgaris.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinically, PR is characterized by the appearance of very well-defined, hyper- or hypopigmented circular plaques of ichthyosiform appearance, with no associated inflammatory signs. Lesions occur on the back, upper and lower limbs, abdomen, and buttocks; their number can vary between 1 and 100,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and they can persist for months to years, with exacerbations during the winter.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Various changes can be seen on histopathology, including hyperkeratosis, flattening of the epidermal crests, a reduction or absence of the granular layer, hyperpigmentation of basal layer, mild spongiosis, comedo-like openings, incontinentia pigmenti, and a superficial perivascular infiltrate; the histopathological appearance may even be normal in some cases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,4</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two subtypes have been proposed. Type 1, common in African American and Asian individuals, is characterized by a small number of hyperpigmented lesions in patients with no family history of the disease and it is associated with malignant and systemic diseases. Type 2, which, in contrast, is more common in white patients with a family history of the disease, presents more numerous, hypopigmented plaques and is not associated with malignant diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Despite this classification, some reported cases show characteristics of both subtypes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical differential diagnosis includes tinea versicolor, tinea corporis, nummular eczema, fixed drug reaction, erythrasma, pityriasis rosea, figurate erythema, and leprosy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment is difficult in most cases. Topical corticosteroids, antifungal agents, salicylic acid, topical and oral retinoids, lactic acid lotions, and tars have been used without success.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,4</span></a> Recently, treatment with vitamin D3 has produced a gradual improvement in the lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> When an underlying disease is present, its treatment can lead to improvement or even resolution of the PR lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PR associated with hyperprolactinemia, and we therefore consider its publication important. The finding of this dermatosis should always alert the physician to the possibility of malignancy, systemic diseases, or hormonal disorders.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Pinos-León V, Núñez M, Salazar M, Solís-Bowen V. Pitiriasis rotunda e hiperprolactinemia. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2016;107:535–537.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1318 "Ancho" => 1750 "Tamanyo" => 603810 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Hyperpigmented oval plaques on the back. B and C, Multiple oval lesions on the thighs. D, Close-up image showing ichthyosiform flaking with sharp, well-defined borders. E, Compact hyperkeratosis, thinning of the epidermis, absence of the granular layer, flattening of the epidermal crests, hyperpigmentation of the basal keratinocytes, a mild perivascular infiltrate, and few skin adnexa. Hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×10.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Photoletter to the editor: Pityriasis rotunda" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "O.A. Bakry" 1 => "R.M. 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 7 | 11 | 18 |
| 2024 Octubre | 93 | 69 | 162 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 90 | 59 | 149 |
| 2024 Agosto | 124 | 62 | 186 |
| 2024 Julio | 121 | 52 | 173 |
| 2024 Junio | 77 | 76 | 153 |
| 2024 Mayo | 84 | 43 | 127 |
| 2024 Abril | 74 | 34 | 108 |
| 2024 Marzo | 106 | 37 | 143 |
| 2024 Febrero | 86 | 43 | 129 |
| 2024 Enero | 72 | 33 | 105 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 80 | 31 | 111 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 91 | 35 | 126 |
| 2023 Octubre | 86 | 38 | 124 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 91 | 36 | 127 |
| 2023 Agosto | 76 | 20 | 96 |
| 2023 Julio | 106 | 41 | 147 |
| 2023 Junio | 85 | 29 | 114 |
| 2023 Mayo | 156 | 34 | 190 |
| 2023 Abril | 99 | 21 | 120 |
| 2023 Marzo | 131 | 25 | 156 |
| 2023 Febrero | 118 | 30 | 148 |
| 2023 Enero | 72 | 33 | 105 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 91 | 33 | 124 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 52 | 39 | 91 |
| 2022 Octubre | 72 | 37 | 109 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 50 | 43 | 93 |
| 2022 Agosto | 55 | 37 | 92 |
| 2022 Julio | 60 | 52 | 112 |
| 2022 Junio | 52 | 37 | 89 |
| 2022 Mayo | 132 | 39 | 171 |
| 2022 Abril | 104 | 38 | 142 |
| 2022 Marzo | 132 | 53 | 185 |
| 2022 Febrero | 106 | 33 | 139 |
| 2022 Enero | 157 | 47 | 204 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 116 | 51 | 167 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 119 | 39 | 158 |
| 2021 Octubre | 110 | 49 | 159 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 115 | 53 | 168 |
| 2021 Agosto | 116 | 30 | 146 |
| 2021 Julio | 119 | 33 | 152 |
| 2021 Junio | 117 | 26 | 143 |
| 2021 Mayo | 136 | 46 | 182 |
| 2021 Abril | 322 | 67 | 389 |
| 2021 Marzo | 205 | 30 | 235 |
| 2021 Febrero | 156 | 38 | 194 |
| 2021 Enero | 113 | 16 | 129 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 140 | 17 | 157 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 69 | 18 | 87 |
| 2020 Octubre | 75 | 9 | 84 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 68 | 16 | 84 |
| 2020 Agosto | 55 | 18 | 73 |
| 2020 Julio | 46 | 12 | 58 |
| 2020 Junio | 48 | 26 | 74 |
| 2020 Mayo | 30 | 19 | 49 |
| 2020 Abril | 18 | 14 | 32 |
| 2020 Marzo | 24 | 11 | 35 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2019 Junio | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2019 Mayo | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Abril | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2019 Marzo | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 2019 Enero | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2018 Octubre | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 Agosto | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 Marzo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 Febrero | 44 | 2 | 46 |
| 2018 Enero | 61 | 6 | 67 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 69 | 6 | 75 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 48 | 4 | 52 |
| 2017 Octubre | 39 | 6 | 45 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 49 | 5 | 54 |
| 2017 Agosto | 32 | 7 | 39 |
| 2017 Julio | 51 | 8 | 59 |
| 2017 Junio | 41 | 6 | 47 |
| 2017 Mayo | 48 | 16 | 64 |
| 2017 Abril | 31 | 19 | 50 |
| 2017 Marzo | 23 | 17 | 40 |
| 2017 Febrero | 46 | 4 | 50 |
| 2017 Enero | 34 | 5 | 39 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 36 | 15 | 51 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 30 | 17 | 47 |
| 2016 Octubre | 31 | 17 | 48 |
| 2016 Julio | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2016 Mayo | 0 | 2 | 2 |
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