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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The history of the Olavide Museum&#44; with its sculpted models and figures&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> is rich in legends and anecdotes passed along in hospital corridors and retold in other medical circles at the end of the 19th century&#46; Medicine at this time still wavered between charlatanism and science&#58; in these social and medical circles those who thrived often practiced well outside the bounds of science&#44; yet attained fame while promulgating irrational notions&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Olavide Museum maintained close ties with Hospital San Juan de Dios in Madrid&#44; and most of the wax models created were based on cases treated in this facility&#44; which served prostitutes and those with skin diseases &#40;leprosy&#44; tuberculosis&#44; forms of ringworm&#41; from the time it opened until the middle of the 20th century&#46; Such patients were barred from other hospitals at the time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the type of patients admitted&#44; the hospital&#39;s location was set apart from other centers and even from Madrid&#39;s social life itself&#46; Dark legends about brothels and secret diseases&#44; mercury cures and shame grew up around it&#46; Some legends were told about patients&#44; others about the staff who attended them&#46; Many appeared in newspaper accounts&#44; magazines&#44; or even in books as important as P&#237;o Baroja&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arbol de la Ciencia</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tree of Knowledge</span>&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> in which the protagonist&#44; Andr&#233;s Hurtado&#44; visits the hospital as a student&#46; Hurtado&#44; a character identified with P&#237;o Baroja&#44; tells a story about a physician&#39;s cruelty to a cat and a prostitute&#46; According to a PhD thesis by del R&#237;o&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> the doctor in the anecdote corresponds to the historical figure of Dr L&#243;pez Cerezo&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of all these legends and tales&#44; one in particular caught our attention&#44; that of the boy&#8212;or girl&#8212;with generalized favus&#46; This patient is the subject of one of the museum&#39;s most emblematic wax models&#46; Restored in 2009&#44; this complete figure &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; had been found when a group of boxes were opened in 2005&#46; The box was in good condition and the figure was intact inside a glass case&#44; although some of the colors had faded&#46; There was also a label &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; naming the sculptor &#40;Zof&#237;o&#41; but giving no further information that could be used to date the work&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enrique Zof&#237;o D&#225;vila &#40;1835&#8211;1915&#63;&#41; was the most important of 3 sculptors who worked at the museum&#59; Jos&#233; Barta and Rafael L&#243;pez &#193;lvarez were the others&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Zof&#237;o&#44; who created over 80&#37; of the models found thus far&#44; worked in the military hospital system and began to create models for its medical anatomy museum in 1864&#46; When he retired in 1911&#44; he was working at the museum of the Hospital Militar de Madrid-Carabanchel&#46; We cannot document an association between Zof&#237;o and Hospital de San Juan de Dios or its museum&#44; but we do know that he was a friend of Dr Jos&#233; Eugenio Olavide and that the entire medical staff of the hospital held him in respect as a creator of wax moulages&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Taking this information as our starting point&#44; we reexamined the figures and searched through the available documents for relevant information&#46; Two articles&#44; one in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ABC</span> &#40;dated December 14&#44; 1966&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and another in the magazine <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">QU&#201;</span> &#40;April 6&#44; 1978&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> were cited in the 1990 doctoral thesis of Padr&#243;n Lleo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> These articles reported interviews with one of the Olavide Museum&#39;s other modelers&#44; L&#243;pez &#193;lvarez &#40;1898&#8211;1987&#41;&#46; This colorful character collaborated with Barta on 23 figures and completed a single figure on his own&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When interviewed&#44; L&#243;pez &#193;lvarez referred to himself as the last sculptor to head the Olavide Museum<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> and as the creator of the figure this article is about&#44; stating that he ordered it to be packed for storage when the museum was closed in 1967&#46; One of the articles<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> gave further information about the young patient with generalized favus&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0005"><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Around 40 years ago&#44; a 12-year-old boy was admitted to Hospital San Juan de Dios with generalized favus&#44; in a condition that left him truly monstrous&#46; He stayed in the hospital several months and&#44; as his case was quite interesting&#44; we made a model to illustrate it&#46; The boy was later cured and we heard no more about him &#91;until&#93; a letter from America&#8212;from New York&#8212;suddenly arrived&#46; The boy had become a millionaire and wrote to ask if the model we had made of his skin was still in the museum&#46; When we replied that it was&#44; he asked if he could buy it at any price so it would serve as a reminder of those difficult years&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; that figure&#8212;one of two depicting favus &#40;the other patient was a woman&#41;&#8212;still remain with the collection&#46; We shall now learn why&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Until recently we assumed all the foregoing information to be true&#44; although doubts were raised because dates given were inconsistent with what was known of the life of Zof&#237;o&#44; the artist named as creator of the figure we are concerned with here&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As information about the museum came to light&#44; we found many more facts that did not square with the story told by L&#243;pez &#193;lvarez&#46; We cite some examples&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The figure in question was made by Zof&#237;o according to the original label &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#44; which was found along with the glass-enclosed model&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Zof&#237;o seems to have died sometime between 1915 and 1917&#46; Although the exact date of death has not been documented thus far&#44; the approximate one is inconsistent with L&#243;pez &#193;lvarez&#39;s statement in 1966 that Zof&#237;o came to Hospital San Juan de Dios &#8220;about 40 years ago&#46;&#8221;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An inventory of the museum figures showed that Zof&#237;o produced 9 depicting favus lesions appearing on the scalp&#44; arm&#44; and nails&#46; One figure&#8212;which we understand to be the one in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#8212;modeled the patient&#39;s entire body&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4&#46;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We found 2 contemporary publications referring to the inauguration of a museum at the hospital&#44; one in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">La &#201;poca</span> &#40;December 28&#44; 1882&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and the other in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">El D&#237;a</span> &#40;December 26&#44; 1882&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">La &#201;poca</span> described the scope of the museum as relating to medicine&#44; surgery&#44; and histochemistry&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">El D&#237;a</span> referred to it as the provincial anatomy museum and gave a detailed description of its content&#44; specifically mentioning &#8220;a reclining figure of a 10-year-old girl with generalized favus&#46;&#8221; An excerpt from the story in the evening edition follows&#58;</p></li></ul><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0010"><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Among the pieces that are outstanding for their accurate coloring and precise depiction of these diseases&#44; we mention a reclining figure of a 10-year-old girl with generalized favus&#44; &#91;and also models of&#93; collections of erosive lupus lesions on the face&#44; and epithelial sores also on the face&#46; All the models show the lesions in their true size&#44; having been created from casts&#46; Worth noting because of the rarity of the conditions depicted are a model of molluscum pendulum and another showing a malignant form of generalized exfoliative herpes&#46; Thirty-seven watercolors illustrating interesting cases&#44; and belonging to Mr Castelo&#44; are also included in the collection&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; we were able to locate the case notes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41; for the child with generalized favus&#58; patient number 132&#44; who was assigned bed 17 in ward 12&#46; The description&#8211;which coincides with all the aforementioned data &#40;date of admission&#44; age&#44; clinical picture&#44; diagnosis&#44; course&#44; treatment&#44; and death&#41;&#8211;is translated as follows&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq9010"><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Generalized Favus</span>&#46;&#8212;No&#46; 132&#44; ward 12&#44; bed 17&#44; clinic of Dr Olavide&#46;</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq9110"><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patient E&#46;G&#46;G&#46; of Madrid&#44; 8 years old&#44; a girl&#44; of a lymphatic-nervous temperament and passive constitution&#44; was admitted to this clinic on September 20&#44; 1879&#46;</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq9210"><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No family history&#46; Our information about the patient&#39;s personal medical history comes from her mother&#44; who reports her daughter had measles when she was younger&#44; after which she became delicate of health&#44; had a poor appetite&#44; remained very pallid&#44; and grew very slowly&#59; all of this was undoubtedly the effect of profound anemia&#46; Some 6 months &#91;before she was brought to the clinic&#93;&#44; an eruption appeared on her trunk and extremities&#44; later on the scalp&#59; the yellowish crusts of the eruption converged&#44; and rather than resolving&#44; they became more numerous&#44; obliging admission to this hospital&#46;</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq9310"><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Current status</span>&#46;&#8212;Crusted favus lesions form large plaques that affect all surfaces of the patient&#39;s body and are particularly numerous on the head and sacral and gluteal regions&#46; These crusts are elevated over the surface of the skin and are the result of the convergence of concentric layers&#59; the crusts have the appearance and consistency of stratum corneum and are of a uniform whitish-yellowish color&#46; Surrounding the crusts are red inflammatory halos&#44; and when a crust breaks off the underlying skin is depressed&#44; pale&#44; and appears to be atrophied&#46; The patient is extremely weak&#44; showing signs of anemia and lymphatism&#46;</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq9410"><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Treatment&#46;</span>&#8211; Poultice of rice flour on the crusts&#44; which fell off with the help of full-body emersion in a warm bath&#46; Once the crusts fell off&#44; hair was systematically removed from the scalp&#44; which was then rubbed with an ointment of corrosive sublimate &#40;15 cg to 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g of salve&#41;&#46; An ointment made from juniper oil was applied to other regions of the body with this type of lesion&#46; From the start of treatment&#44; the girl was also given cod liver oil &#40;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g with 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg of iron iodide&#41;&#59; when after 3 days she could no longer tolerate the oil&#44; this treatment was replaced with 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg of iron in 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g of simple syrup&#46; On October 10 the juniper oil was replaced with a coal tar ointment&#46;</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq9510"><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The patient improved considerably under this treatment but died on January 6&#44; 1880&#44; after developing acute albuminuria&#46;</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq9610"><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Palacios</p></span></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This information provides sufficient grounds for concluding that the so-called boy with generalized favus of the figure was really of a girl around 9 years old&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We also conclude that the legend&#44; or anecdote&#44; so charmingly told by the museum&#39;s last sculptor&#44; Rafael L&#243;pez &#193;lvarez&#44; is just one more of the many tales that circulated around the Hospital de San Juan de Dios and the Olavide Museum&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">From the moment the Olavide Museum opened its doors in 1882 until its content was packed up around 1965 and lost sight of for a time&#44; it underwent a succession of changes&#46; Some of those changes cannot be fully documented now because the archives of the Provincial Council &#40;Diputaci&#243;n&#41; of Madrid were lost during the Spanish Civil War&#46; The museum was initially housed in Hospital de San Juan de Dios&#44; in the neighborhood of Atocha&#46; Because this hospital treated mainly venereal diseases&#44; much of the information we have about it comes from newspapers or magazines of the period&#44; and their accounts were often sensationalistic&#46; When a large number of the museum&#39;s wax figures were rediscovered&#44; along with a great many accompanying documents&#44; in December 2005&#44; the material allowed 3 sculptors&#8212;Zof&#237;o&#44; Barta&#44; and L&#243;pez &#193;lvarez&#8212;to be identified&#46; Case histories corresponding to the figures were also among the papers found&#46; As a result&#44; the truth about certain legends associated with the museum&#44; the sculptors&#44; and the patients could be unraveled&#46; Among the patients whose stories were brought to light was one referred to as the boy with generalized tinea favosa&#44; or crusted ringworm&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El Museo Olavide&#44; desde su inauguraci&#243;n en 1882 hasta su desaparici&#243;n en 1965&#44; ha sufrido m&#250;ltiples vicisitudes&#44; algunas de ellas no contrastadas de forma oficial debido a la desaparici&#243;n durante la Guerra Civil de la documentaci&#243;n existente en la Diputaci&#243;n de Madrid&#46; El museo estaba localizado inicialmente en el Hospital de San Juan de Dios en Atocha&#46; El hecho de que en este hospital predominasen las enfermedades ven&#233;reas hizo que muchas &#171;noticias&#187; que hoy tenemos sea a trav&#233;s de peri&#243;dicos o revistas de la &#233;poca&#44; en muchos casos con cierto car&#225;cter sensacionalista&#46; Con la recuperaci&#243;n de las figuras del museo en diciembre de 2005 encontramos abundante documentaci&#243;n que sirvi&#243; para que se pudiera identificar a los 3 escultores&#44; Zof&#237;o&#44; Barta y L&#243;pez &#193;lvarez&#44; as&#237; como historiales cl&#237;nicos de las figuras&#46; Con ello se pudo desmitificar leyendas existentes en torno al museo&#44; a los escultores y a los enfermos&#44; una de estas es la del &#171;muchacho de la ti&#241;a favosa&#187;&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Conde-Salazar G&#243;mez L&#44; Heras Mendaza F&#46; Ti&#241;a favosa&#44; historia de una leyenda&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2015&#59;106&#58;383&#8211;386&#46;</p>"
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