Case and Research Letters
Dermal Leiomyosarcoma at the End of the Left Eyebrow
Leiomiosarcoma dérmico en la cola de la ceja izquierda
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La imagen microscópica panorámica muestra una neoplasia de crecimiento expansivo que no afecta al borde de resección (HE ×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4). b. La neoplasia está constituida por células fusiformes dispuestas en fascículos, con marcada atipia y abundantes figuras de mitosis (HE ×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40). c. Expresión de actina de músculo liso (PAP ×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40). d. El índice de proliferación celular (PAP, Ki-67) es de un 20%.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A.D. Lozano Salazar, A. Márquez García, I. Ortega Medina, J.J. Ríos-Martín" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A.D." "apellidos" => "Lozano Salazar" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Márquez García" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Ortega Medina" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.J." 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Lozano Salazar, A. Márquez García, I. Ortega Medina, J.J. Ríos-Martín" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A.D." "apellidos" => "Lozano Salazar" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "ananalozano@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Márquez García" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Ortega Medina" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.J." "apellidos" => "Ríos-Martín" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Leiomiosarcoma dérmico en la cola de la ceja izquierda" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1141 "Ancho" => 1401 "Tamanyo" => 328602 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Panoramic microscopic image shows a neoplasm with an expansive growth pattern, which does not affect the resection margin (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×4). B, The neoplasm is composed of spindle cells arranged in fascicles with marked atypia and abundant mitotic figures (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×40). C, Expression of smooth muscle actin (Papanicolaou, original magnification ×40). D, The proliferative index (Papanicolaou, Ki-67) is 20%.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous sarcomas constitute less than 1% of superficial soft tissue neoplasms. Leiomyosarcomas (LMSs), which account for between 3% and 6.5% of cutaneous sarcomas, are classified as dermal (derived from the hair erector muscle) or subcutaneous (derived from the smooth muscle of vessel walls).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> This classification has prognostic relevance, as dermal LMS has a more favorable clinical course and outcome; metastasis occurs in 5% to 10% of dermal cases as compared with 30% to 40% of subcutaneous cases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 63-year-old man with a medical history of hypertension, hyperuricemia, and dilated cardiomyopathy, who presented with an asymptomatic and progressively growing nodular lesion in the ciliary region of the left eye that had appeared 6 months previously (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). Physical examination revealed a raised, indurated, and erythematous lesion, with destruction of hair follicles, that was surrounded by a halo of firm, edematous skin. Dermoscopy showed a homogeneous brown pattern with no other notable features. Based on a clinical diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma the lesion was excised and the surgical defect reconstructed with a transposition flap.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histologic examination revealed a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in diameter, with expansive borders. The tumor occupied the entire thickness of the dermis, extended into the hypodermis, and was located within 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm of the deep resection margin (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). The tumor was composed of spindle cells arranged in intersecting fascicles. The nuclei were atypical, pleomorphic, elongated, and had rounded edges. The mitotic index was 15 mitoses per 10 high power fields (HPF). Immunohistochemistry was positive for muscle markers (smooth muscle actin, desmin, caldesmon) and negative for S-100 and CD34. The Ki-67 proliferative index was 20%. A diagnosis of dermal leiomyosarcoma with infiltration of the hypodermis was established. No metastasis was detected in the staging study. Ten months after surgery, the patient remains free of disease.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LMSs are rare cutaneous neoplasms that occur in middle-aged men, some of whom may have a medical history of trauma. The most common site of LMS is the flexor surfaces of the lower extremities, followed by the scalp and trunk. Facial localization is rare.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While LMSs that are confined to the dermis do not usually metastasize,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> the rate of recurrence is over 30%. Deeper tumors may metastasize in up to 30% to 40% of cases, especially to the lungs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In general, LMSs are asymptomatic and grow slowly. In rare cases these tumors can cause pain, itching, tenderness, or bleeding.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> They usually appear as a solitary, firm, raised lesion of between 0.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm and 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm, sometimes with ulceration.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histologically, LMS tumors have infiltrative borders, consisting of spindle cells embedded in a collagenous stroma. They sometimes show a fascicular arrangement and may be accompanied by a peritumoral or intratumoral lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Two growth patterns have been described: a nodular pattern, with high cellularity, nuclear atypia, and mitoses, and a diffuse pattern, with low cellularity and proliferative activity.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The malignancy criteria established by the World Health Organization include high cellularity, nuclear atypia, and at least 1 mitosis per 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HPF.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinical suspicion of LMS is uncommon.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Histopathological examination is usually necessary for diagnosis, as physical examination reveals no specific findings that facilitate the identification of LMS. The differential diagnosis includes other soft-tissue spindle-cell tumors (e.g., fibrosarcoma, malignant histiocytoma, dermatofibroma, atypical fibroxanthoma, spindle cell melanoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, leiomyoma) and immunohistochemical techniques are required for proper grading (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,7,8</span></a> A recent study described the usefulness of phosphohistone H3, an immunohistochemical marker of mitosis, in distinguishing between leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2003 Hornick and Fletcher<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> proposed the term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">atypical smooth muscle tumors</span> for cutaneous smooth muscle tumors with mitotic figures and cellular atypia, and proposed reserving the term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">leiomyosarcoma</span> for tumors affecting subcutaneous tissue. In 2011, Kraft and Fletcher<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> published an analysis of 84 cases of primary LMS (atypical smooth muscle tumors); 61 (72.9%) of these were limited to the dermis and 23 (27.1%) involved superficial extension into the subcutaneous tissue. No metastasis was detected in any of these cases, with a mean follow-up of 51 months. Given the low (or absent) risk of metastasis, those authors concluded that it was inappropriate to classify this lesion as a sarcoma, preferring the term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">atypical intradermal smooth muscle neoplasm</span>. We disagree with this view, as other histologically malignant cutaneous neoplasms (e.g., dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans) have a more benign biological behavior, with very low metastatic potential in most cases, and thus should be referred to using the original terminology.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The treatment for cutaneous LMS is excision with wide margins (at least 3-5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm). These tumors show a poor response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, although the latter may be indicated for high-grade tumors of more than 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in diameter, in cases of excision of recurrent tumors, or after surgery with inadequate margins.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Lozano Salazar A, Márquez García A, Ortega Medina I, Ríos-Martín J. Leiomiosarcoma dérmico en la cola de la ceja izquierda. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2014;105:879–882.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1196 "Ancho" => 900 "Tamanyo" => 182739 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nodular lesion of 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in diameter located at the tail of the left eyebrow. A higher magnification image of the lesion is shown in the inset.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1141 "Ancho" => 1401 "Tamanyo" => 328602 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Panoramic microscopic image shows a neoplasm with an expansive growth pattern, which does not affect the resection margin (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×4). B, The neoplasm is composed of spindle cells arranged in fascicles with marked atypia and abundant mitotic figures (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×40). C, Expression of smooth muscle actin (Papanicolaou, original magnification ×40). D, The proliferative index (Papanicolaou, Ki-67) is 20%.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations: AFX, atypical fibroxanthoma; AS, angiosarcoma; DFSP, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans; DM, desmoplastic melanoma; HMW, high molecular-weight; LMS, leiomyosarcoma; MFH, malignant fibrous histiocytoma; SCSCC, spindle-cell squamous cell carcinoma.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MarkerTumor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CD10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CD34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vimentin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Desmin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Smooth Muscle Actin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">S-100 Protein \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HMB-45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HMW Cytokeratins \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">DFSP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">AFX \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-/+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-/+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MFH \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-/+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-/+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SCSCC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+/- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">LMS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-/+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-/+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">DM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-/+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-/+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-/+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-/+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-/+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">AS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">+/- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab576623.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemistry of Cutaneous Spindle-Cell Tumors.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "C.S. Kilgour" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Plast Surg" "fecha" => "1955" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "144" "paginaFinal" => "146" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13240050" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Spindle cell neoplasms encountered in dermatologic surgery: A review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.T. Hollmig" 1 => "R. Sachdev" 2 => "C.J. Cockerell" 3 => "W. Posten" 4 => "M. Chiang" 5 => "J. 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2024 Octubre | 84 | 52 | 136 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 93 | 37 | 130 |
| 2024 Agosto | 131 | 61 | 192 |
| 2024 Julio | 97 | 43 | 140 |
| 2024 Junio | 108 | 39 | 147 |
| 2024 Mayo | 55 | 30 | 85 |
| 2024 Abril | 64 | 23 | 87 |
| 2024 Marzo | 79 | 29 | 108 |
| 2024 Febrero | 67 | 29 | 96 |
| 2024 Enero | 63 | 31 | 94 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 58 | 19 | 77 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 66 | 22 | 88 |
| 2023 Octubre | 72 | 22 | 94 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 92 | 40 | 132 |
| 2023 Agosto | 68 | 21 | 89 |
| 2023 Julio | 88 | 36 | 124 |
| 2023 Junio | 68 | 19 | 87 |
| 2023 Mayo | 78 | 26 | 104 |
| 2023 Abril | 61 | 24 | 85 |
| 2023 Marzo | 64 | 28 | 92 |
| 2023 Febrero | 46 | 18 | 64 |
| 2023 Enero | 49 | 27 | 76 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 79 | 49 | 128 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 60 | 23 | 83 |
| 2022 Octubre | 23 | 21 | 44 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 32 | 40 | 72 |
| 2022 Agosto | 23 | 28 | 51 |
| 2022 Julio | 24 | 33 | 57 |
| 2022 Junio | 37 | 27 | 64 |
| 2022 Mayo | 43 | 39 | 82 |
| 2022 Abril | 59 | 40 | 99 |
| 2022 Marzo | 39 | 39 | 78 |
| 2022 Febrero | 42 | 26 | 68 |
| 2022 Enero | 67 | 40 | 107 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 46 | 39 | 85 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 57 | 37 | 94 |
| 2021 Octubre | 50 | 65 | 115 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 39 | 40 | 79 |
| 2021 Agosto | 27 | 21 | 48 |
| 2021 Julio | 27 | 29 | 56 |
| 2021 Junio | 26 | 33 | 59 |
| 2021 Mayo | 26 | 17 | 43 |
| 2021 Abril | 49 | 50 | 99 |
| 2021 Marzo | 48 | 19 | 67 |
| 2021 Febrero | 66 | 36 | 102 |
| 2021 Enero | 17 | 12 | 29 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 21 | 13 | 34 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 18 | 17 | 35 |
| 2020 Octubre | 14 | 1 | 15 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 20 | 11 | 31 |
| 2020 Agosto | 21 | 12 | 33 |
| 2020 Julio | 24 | 7 | 31 |
| 2020 Junio | 25 | 21 | 46 |
| 2020 Mayo | 25 | 19 | 44 |
| 2020 Abril | 37 | 17 | 54 |
| 2020 Marzo | 25 | 15 | 40 |
| 2020 Enero | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Agosto | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Julio | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2019 Junio | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2019 Mayo | 10 | 11 | 21 |
| 2019 Abril | 2 | 8 | 10 |
| 2019 Marzo | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2019 Febrero | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 Octubre | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2018 Junio | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 Mayo | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2018 Abril | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2018 Marzo | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 Febrero | 21 | 6 | 27 |
| 2018 Enero | 37 | 6 | 43 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 35 | 6 | 41 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 23 | 8 | 31 |
| 2017 Octubre | 23 | 9 | 32 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 31 | 18 | 49 |
| 2017 Agosto | 33 | 16 | 49 |
| 2017 Julio | 30 | 4 | 34 |
| 2017 Junio | 35 | 21 | 56 |
| 2017 Mayo | 23 | 19 | 42 |
| 2017 Abril | 29 | 18 | 47 |
| 2017 Marzo | 17 | 38 | 55 |
| 2017 Febrero | 15 | 10 | 25 |
| 2017 Enero | 17 | 11 | 28 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 32 | 11 | 43 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 41 | 8 | 49 |
| 2016 Octubre | 30 | 12 | 42 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2016 Agosto | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2016 Julio | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2016 Junio | 14 | 3 | 17 |
| 2016 Mayo | 8 | 16 | 24 |
| 2016 Abril | 4 | 8 | 12 |
| 2016 Marzo | 7 | 8 | 15 |
| 2016 Febrero | 6 | 11 | 17 |
| 2016 Enero | 12 | 15 | 27 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 10 | 7 | 17 |
| 2015 Octubre | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2015 Agosto | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| 2015 Julio | 46 | 1 | 47 |
| 2015 Junio | 31 | 1 | 32 |
| 2015 Mayo | 29 | 5 | 34 |
| 2015 Abril | 14 | 3 | 17 |
| 2015 Marzo | 27 | 4 | 31 |
| 2015 Febrero | 11 | 1 | 12 |
| 2015 Enero | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 7 | 3 | 10 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2014 Octubre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
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