Case and Research Letters
Congenital Molluscum Contagiosum
Molluscum contagiosum congénito
C. Méndez, A. Vicente
, M. Suñol, M.A. González-Enseñat
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Sección de Dermatología y Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
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Méndez, A. Vicente, M. Suñol, M.A. González-Enseñat" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Méndez" ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Vicente" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "Avicente@hsjdbcn.org" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Suñol" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.A." "apellidos" => "González-Enseñat" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Sección de Dermatología y Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Molluscum contagiosum</span> congénito" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 599 "Ancho" => 900 "Tamanyo" => 66665 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Umbilicated papule on the right arm of a 4-day-old neonate.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Molluscum contagiosum infection is very common in children and is one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in outpatient and hospital pediatric care.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Infection occurs as a result of direct person-to-person contact through infected skin, contact with fomites, or autoinoculation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In adolescence and adulthood, infection may occur through sexual contact. Occurrence during the neonatal period is rare.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Case 1</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 12-month-old girl with no relevant history born following a full-term pregnancy and vaginal delivery. The patient was brought for consultation due to 3 congenital lesions in the left occipital region. The patient's mother reported a history of molluscum contagiosum infection of the groin and the labia majora during pregnancy; the diagnosis was confirmed at the time by biopsy. An examination of the girl revealed 2 translucent umbilical papules 1 and 2 mm in diameter and another papule 4 mm in diameter with a crusted surface. The clinical suspicion of molluscum contagiosum was confirmed following curettage of the lesions (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Case 2</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 2-year-old boy with no relevant history was brought for consultation due to a lesion on the right shoulder which had developed in the first 4 days of life and had grown over the previous months. He had been born following a full-term pregnancy and vaginal delivery. The mother was healthy and had no history of cutaneous lesions. An examination revealed a single papule 6 mm in size on the right shoulder. The papule had well-defined borders, was the color of normal skin, and had a slightly umbilicated center (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). Based on a clinical suspicion of molluscum contagiosum, curettage was performed of the lesion following application of a topical anesthetic cream. The procedure was carried out with ease and the lesion was removed completely. The pathology findings were consistent with molluscum contagiosum (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a member of the poxvirus family, and manifests clinically as a flesh-colored or translucent, pearl-like papule with an umbilicated center measuring 1 to 5 mm in diameter.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The most frequently affected areas are the trunk, the limbs, and the scalp. The diagnosis of this disorder is clinical. A pathology study is performed only occasionally, when the diagnosis is uncertain. Histology reveals a well-defined hyperplastic lesion of the epidermis sometimes with a central crater, and, commonly, eosinophilic inclusion bodies within the keratinocytes that later become basophilic inclusion bodies as they rise in the epithelium.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Molluscum contagiosum infection results in benign lesions that usually resolve spontaneously, although this may take months to years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Treatment is the subject of debate. Because of the self-resolving nature of the disease, one option is no treatment. The aim of active treatment is to prevent contagion and autoinoculation. A number of treatment approaches exist, but these are all the subject of debate and none are free of risk; some examples include topical treatments (e.g., cantharidin, potassium hydroxide 5%, salicylic acid, imiquimod, tretinoin, podophyllotoxin, topical cidofovir, tincture of iodine, trichloroacetic acid) and physical treatment with cryotherapy, curettage, electrosurgery, or laser.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Few cases of congenital molluscum contagiosum lesions or molluscum contagiosum developing in the neonatal period have been described in the literature. A search of PubMed yielded only 9 cases of molluscum contagiosum lesions presenting congenitally or in the first days of life. In 6 of these cases the lesions were located on the scalp, with the rest appearing on the foot, the thigh, and the sacrum.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,8–10</span></a> Only the most recently published of these cases reports in the clinical history that the mother had a history of molluscum contagiosum infection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors of the previous cases all agree that the infection may have occurred through vertical transmission during delivery. This same mechanism is behind other viral infections such as those caused by the herpes virus and the human papillomavirus. The human papillomavirus has a long latency period from infection to clinical manifestation, potentially leading to laryngeal papillomatosis or common warts appearing years after infection; the incubation period of molluscum contagiosum, on the other hand, is quite short (2-8 weeks), thus causing the lesions to appear in the neonatal period.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have presented 2 new cases of congenital molluscum contagiosum, including a case of maternal genital infection during pregnancy and delivery. This is the second case to appear in the literature in which molluscum lesions that developed during gestation were treated and the diagnosis was confirmed by histological study. These histological findings provide firm support for the theory of vertical transmission of the virus during delivery. In the second case, the lesions appeared on the shoulder, a location not described previously. In cases where the mother's genitals are not identified as infected, transmission probably occurs through undiagnosed vaginal infection, as the poxvirus causing molluscum contagiosum may also affect the mucous membranes.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is important to consider congenital molluscum contagiosum as a possible diagnosis in neonatal patients with one or more umbilicated papules.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Case 1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Case 2" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Méndez C, Vicente A, Suñol MA, González-Enseñat M. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Molluscum contagiosum</span> congénito. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2013;104:836–837.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 599 "Ancho" => 900 "Tamanyo" => 186299 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Three molluscum contagiosum lesions in a newborn. Occipital region.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 599 "Ancho" => 900 "Tamanyo" => 66665 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Umbilicated papule on the right arm of a 4-day-old neonate.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 675 "Ancho" => 900 "Tamanyo" => 245670 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histopathology: molluscum contagiosum. The inclusion bodies in the keratinocytes are observed. Hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×10.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Épidémiologie,clinique et traitements du <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">molluscum contagiosum:</span> revue de la littérature" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "O. Vanhooteghem" 1 => "A. 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Lewis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol" "fecha" => "1971" "volumen" => "84" "paginaInicial" => "370" "paginaFinal" => "372" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4102505" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Congenital <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">molluscum contagiosum</span>: report of four cases and review of the literature" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C. O’Connell" 1 => "A. Oranje" 2 => "D. Van Gysel" 3 => "N. Silverberg" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00730.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Dermatol" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "553" "paginaFinal" => "556" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18950398" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Vertically transmitted <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">molluscum contagiosum</span> infection" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.D. Luke" 1 => "N.B. Silverberg" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1542/peds.2009-2774" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "125" "paginaInicial" => "e423" "paginaFinal" => "e425" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064865" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15782190/0000010400000009/v1_201310240051/S1578219013002217/v1_201310240051/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "6157" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Case and Research Letters" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15782190/0000010400000009/v1_201310240051/S1578219013002217/v1_201310240051/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219013002217?idApp=UINPBA000044" ]
| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 16 | 14 | 30 |
| 2024 Octubre | 142 | 86 | 228 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 151 | 80 | 231 |
| 2024 Agosto | 215 | 103 | 318 |
| 2024 Julio | 173 | 95 | 268 |
| 2024 Junio | 152 | 66 | 218 |
| 2024 Mayo | 108 | 103 | 211 |
| 2024 Abril | 97 | 51 | 148 |
| 2024 Marzo | 97 | 60 | 157 |
| 2024 Febrero | 120 | 108 | 228 |
| 2024 Enero | 89 | 70 | 159 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 107 | 48 | 155 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 109 | 29 | 138 |
| 2023 Octubre | 72 | 93 | 165 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 84 | 115 | 199 |
| 2023 Agosto | 84 | 80 | 164 |
| 2023 Julio | 88 | 114 | 202 |
| 2023 Junio | 84 | 62 | 146 |
| 2023 Mayo | 126 | 117 | 243 |
| 2023 Abril | 100 | 65 | 165 |
| 2023 Marzo | 94 | 82 | 176 |
| 2023 Febrero | 64 | 66 | 130 |
| 2023 Enero | 70 | 74 | 144 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 85 | 83 | 168 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 77 | 60 | 137 |
| 2022 Octubre | 78 | 67 | 145 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 81 | 59 | 140 |
| 2022 Agosto | 42 | 59 | 101 |
| 2022 Julio | 63 | 52 | 115 |
| 2022 Junio | 81 | 39 | 120 |
| 2022 Mayo | 103 | 73 | 176 |
| 2022 Abril | 94 | 45 | 139 |
| 2022 Marzo | 95 | 68 | 163 |
| 2022 Febrero | 94 | 65 | 159 |
| 2022 Enero | 104 | 85 | 189 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 85 | 67 | 152 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 106 | 78 | 184 |
| 2021 Octubre | 102 | 85 | 187 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 109 | 86 | 195 |
| 2021 Agosto | 137 | 94 | 231 |
| 2021 Julio | 121 | 71 | 192 |
| 2021 Junio | 93 | 77 | 170 |
| 2021 Mayo | 82 | 91 | 173 |
| 2021 Abril | 204 | 101 | 305 |
| 2021 Marzo | 107 | 93 | 200 |
| 2021 Febrero | 56 | 59 | 115 |
| 2021 Enero | 52 | 54 | 106 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 34 | 59 | 93 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 49 | 49 | 98 |
| 2020 Octubre | 42 | 34 | 76 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 48 | 39 | 87 |
| 2020 Agosto | 49 | 81 | 130 |
| 2020 Julio | 38 | 55 | 93 |
| 2020 Junio | 59 | 52 | 111 |
| 2020 Mayo | 39 | 60 | 99 |
| 2020 Abril | 53 | 60 | 113 |
| 2020 Marzo | 31 | 64 | 95 |
| 2020 Febrero | 5 | 49 | 54 |
| 2020 Enero | 4 | 30 | 34 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 8 | 32 | 40 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 4 | 29 | 33 |
| 2019 Octubre | 0 | 38 | 38 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 8 | 47 | 55 |
| 2019 Agosto | 4 | 22 | 26 |
| 2019 Julio | 4 | 47 | 51 |
| 2019 Junio | 5 | 79 | 84 |
| 2019 Mayo | 6 | 149 | 155 |
| 2019 Abril | 2 | 116 | 118 |
| 2019 Marzo | 2 | 39 | 41 |
| 2019 Febrero | 4 | 32 | 36 |
| 2019 Enero | 0 | 20 | 20 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 5 | 13 | 18 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2018 Octubre | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 3 | 23 | 26 |
| 2018 Agosto | 0 | 52 | 52 |
| 2018 Julio | 0 | 33 | 33 |
| 2018 Junio | 0 | 29 | 29 |
| 2018 Mayo | 0 | 35 | 35 |
| 2018 Abril | 0 | 26 | 26 |
| 2018 Marzo | 28 | 15 | 43 |
| 2018 Febrero | 170 | 20 | 190 |
| 2018 Enero | 153 | 21 | 174 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 136 | 28 | 164 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 115 | 31 | 146 |
| 2017 Octubre | 84 | 31 | 115 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 110 | 36 | 146 |
| 2017 Agosto | 89 | 36 | 125 |
| 2017 Julio | 125 | 39 | 164 |
| 2017 Junio | 102 | 49 | 151 |
| 2017 Mayo | 72 | 32 | 104 |
| 2017 Abril | 79 | 45 | 124 |
| 2017 Marzo | 77 | 37 | 114 |
| 2017 Febrero | 74 | 21 | 95 |
| 2017 Enero | 41 | 18 | 59 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 100 | 31 | 131 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 126 | 32 | 158 |
| 2016 Octubre | 195 | 48 | 243 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 237 | 20 | 257 |
| 2016 Agosto | 224 | 21 | 245 |
| 2016 Julio | 109 | 15 | 124 |
| 2016 Junio | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| 2016 Mayo | 8 | 10 | 18 |
| 2016 Abril | 10 | 22 | 32 |
| 2016 Marzo | 11 | 16 | 27 |
| 2016 Febrero | 18 | 19 | 37 |
| 2016 Enero | 16 | 8 | 24 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2015 Octubre | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2015 Agosto | 10 | 1 | 11 |
| 2015 Julio | 137 | 3 | 140 |
| 2015 Junio | 94 | 6 | 100 |
| 2015 Mayo | 77 | 6 | 83 |
| 2015 Abril | 93 | 3 | 96 |
| 2015 Marzo | 57 | 4 | 61 |
| 2015 Febrero | 88 | 4 | 92 |
| 2015 Enero | 87 | 6 | 93 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 76 | 8 | 84 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 49 | 8 | 57 |
| 2014 Octubre | 54 | 3 | 57 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 51 | 1 | 52 |
| 2014 Agosto | 35 | 4 | 39 |
| 2014 Julio | 44 | 5 | 49 |
| 2014 Junio | 52 | 2 | 54 |
| 2014 Mayo | 68 | 7 | 75 |
| 2014 Abril | 58 | 2 | 60 |
| 2014 Marzo | 55 | 7 | 62 |
| 2014 Febrero | 45 | 3 | 48 |
| 2014 Enero | 34 | 4 | 38 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 27 | 4 | 31 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 14 | 2 | 16 |
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