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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After Gaucher disease&#44; Fabry disease is the most common storage disease caused by the progressive accumulation of glycosphingolipids in multiple organs&#46; Clinical presentation is very varied&#44; and furthermore&#44; the manifestations in many of the organs affected are nonspecific&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Diagnosis is thus challenging and often delayed&#46; The average time from onset of symptoms to a diagnosis of Fabry disease is around 10 years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Cutaneous involvement is common and is one of the key signs that can lead a physician to suspect the disease&#46; Skin manifestations include angiokeratomas&#44; telangiectasias&#44; abnormal sweating&#44; and lymphedema&#46; Recent studies of cutaneous involvement in Fabry disease have shown that the clinical spectrum of angiokeratomas is also varied&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> We performed a retrospective review of skin lesions in 5 patients &#40;4 males and 1 female&#41; with Fabry disease&#44; with a particular focus on the clinical variants of angiokeratomas&#46; The main clinical features are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; The majority of patients&#44; including the only woman&#44; had classic extracutaneous manifestations&#46; The mean age at onset of angiokeratomas was 17&#46;2 years&#46; Patients &#35;4 and &#35;5 had a classic bathing trunk appearance&#44; and patient &#35;5 also had less hyperkeratotic vascular lesions on the palms of both hands&#46; The other 3 patients had less characteristic angiokeratomas&#46; Patient &#35;1 had small&#44; isolated lesions around the mouth and the umbilicus &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; while patient &#35;3 had extensive angiokeratomas distributed almost exclusively on the left side of the body&#46; Finally&#44; patient &#35;2&#44; who was heterozygous&#44; had lesions in the form of angiokeratomas on the left side of the vulva &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; and small isolated lesions on the anterior surface of the trunk&#46; Just 2 of the patients had hypohidrosis&#46; With the exception of patient &#35;1&#44; all the patients were receiving enzyme replacement treatment&#44; with a mean uninterrupted treatment period of 9 years&#59; there had been no signs of the angiokeratomas disappearing or becoming smaller or any improvements in the other skin manifestations&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum is one of the 5 known types of angiokeratoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> It is highly characteristic of Fabry disease&#44; but can also be seen in other lysosomal storage diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> Angiokeratomas&#44; which can appear in childhood or adulthood&#44; develop in 66&#37; of male patients with Fabry disease and in 36&#37; of female patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> While the term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">angiokeratoma corporis diffusum</span> suggests the presence of multiple angiokeratomas&#44; this is not always the case&#46; Furthermore&#44; as seen in 3 of the 5 cases we describe&#44; the lesions can appear in isolation or in clusters and can affect any part of the skin&#44; mucous membranes&#44; or genitals&#46; Angiokeratomas classically occur in a bathing trunk distribution&#44; referred to as such because the lesions typically affect the buttocks&#44; the thighs&#44; and the genitals&#46; Of particular interest in our series was the unilateral&#44; left-sided&#44; distribution observed in 1 patient and the presence of small lesions in 2 patients &#40;around the mouth and the umbilicus in one case and on the genital mucosa in the other&#41;&#46; The detection of angiokeratomas on the genital mucosa can erroneously lead to a diagnosis of angiokeratoma of Fordyce&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnosis of Fabry disease in a patient with lesions in less common sites is more difficult&#44; but physicians should maintain a high level of clinical suspicion&#46; While manifestations of the disease generally appear after the first decade of life&#44; with acroparesthesia&#44; angiokeratomas&#44; exercise intolerance&#44; and eye and gastrointestinal disorders&#44; the main complications appear in young adults&#44; who develop renal&#44; cardiac&#44; and cerebrovascular signs and symptoms&#46; Considering that specific treatment is available for Fabry disease&#44; early diagnosis &#40;often based on the detection of angiokeratomas&#41; is important&#44; as timely treatment can prevent the development of serious&#44; irreversible complications&#46; Dermatologists can play a key role in this respect&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enzyme replacement therapy &#40;with agalsidase alpha&#41; is the only specific treatment available for Fabry disease&#44; and has been shown to stabilize renal function and reduce left ventricular hypertrophy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;10</span></a> In our series&#44; treatment did not improve any of the skin manifestations present before treatment initiation&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; the detection of angiokeratomas&#44; regardless of their location or distribution&#44; should alert the dermatologist to a possible diagnosis of Fabry disease and prompt the performance of relevant tests to confirm or rule out this serious&#44; treatable disease&#46; Young relatives of newly diagnosed patients should also be studied&#44; with a particular focus on symptoms that may have been missed or interpreted incorrectly&#46;</p></span>"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Small lesions in the form of angiokeratomas around the umbilicus &#40;patient &#35;1&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
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        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Angiokeratomas on the left side of the vulva &#40;patient &#35;2&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; ERT&#44; enzyme replacement therapy&#59; F&#44; female&#59; M&#44; male&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex &#40;M&#47;F&#41;&#47;Age&#44; y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Extracutaneous Manifestations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Location of Angiokeratomas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age at Onset of Angiokeratomas&#44; y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Duration of ERT&#44; y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Other Skin Manifestations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">M&#47;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Exercise intoleranceCornea verticillata&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Around mouth and umbilicus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">F&#47;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AcroparesthesiaExercise intoleranceTinnitusDiarrheaCornea verticillata&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Left lumbar region&#44; vulva&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hypohidrosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">M&#47;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AcroparesthesiaExercise intoleranceTinnitusAbdominal painCornea verticillata&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Left body&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">M&#47;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Left ventricular hypertrophyProteinuriaExercise intoleranceDiarrhea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Flank&#44; waist&#44; and medial aspect of thighs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hypohidrosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">M&#47;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AcroparesthesiaVascular tortuosity in both eyes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thighs&#44; buttocks&#44; genitals&#44; and palms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical Findings&#46;</p>"
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      "titulo" => "References"
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            1 => array:3 [
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
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                        0 => array:2 [
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                  ]
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            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "E&#46; Vargas-D&#237;ez"
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                            2 => "M&#46;J&#46; Coll"
                            3 => "J&#46; S&#225;nchez-P&#233;rez"
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                            5 => "J&#46;M&#46; Fern&#225;ndez-Herrera"
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
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                        "paginaInicial" => "760"
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Case and Research Letters
Fabry Disease and the Clinical Spectrum of Angiokeratomas
Enfermedad de Fabry: espectro clínico de los angioqueratomas
R.M. Guinovarta,
Autor para correspondencia
rosa_guinovart@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, I. Bielsaa, G. Pintos-Morellb, C. Ferrándiza
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
b Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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            "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol&#44; Badalona&#44; Universitat Aut&#242;noma de Barcelona&#44; Badalona&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
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      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Enfermedad de Fabry&#58; espectro cl&#237;nico de los angioqueratomas"
      ]
    ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Angiokeratomas on the left side of the vulva &#40;patient &#35;2&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After Gaucher disease&#44; Fabry disease is the most common storage disease caused by the progressive accumulation of glycosphingolipids in multiple organs&#46; Clinical presentation is very varied&#44; and furthermore&#44; the manifestations in many of the organs affected are nonspecific&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Diagnosis is thus challenging and often delayed&#46; The average time from onset of symptoms to a diagnosis of Fabry disease is around 10 years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Cutaneous involvement is common and is one of the key signs that can lead a physician to suspect the disease&#46; Skin manifestations include angiokeratomas&#44; telangiectasias&#44; abnormal sweating&#44; and lymphedema&#46; Recent studies of cutaneous involvement in Fabry disease have shown that the clinical spectrum of angiokeratomas is also varied&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> We performed a retrospective review of skin lesions in 5 patients &#40;4 males and 1 female&#41; with Fabry disease&#44; with a particular focus on the clinical variants of angiokeratomas&#46; The main clinical features are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; The majority of patients&#44; including the only woman&#44; had classic extracutaneous manifestations&#46; The mean age at onset of angiokeratomas was 17&#46;2 years&#46; Patients &#35;4 and &#35;5 had a classic bathing trunk appearance&#44; and patient &#35;5 also had less hyperkeratotic vascular lesions on the palms of both hands&#46; The other 3 patients had less characteristic angiokeratomas&#46; Patient &#35;1 had small&#44; isolated lesions around the mouth and the umbilicus &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; while patient &#35;3 had extensive angiokeratomas distributed almost exclusively on the left side of the body&#46; Finally&#44; patient &#35;2&#44; who was heterozygous&#44; had lesions in the form of angiokeratomas on the left side of the vulva &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; and small isolated lesions on the anterior surface of the trunk&#46; Just 2 of the patients had hypohidrosis&#46; With the exception of patient &#35;1&#44; all the patients were receiving enzyme replacement treatment&#44; with a mean uninterrupted treatment period of 9 years&#59; there had been no signs of the angiokeratomas disappearing or becoming smaller or any improvements in the other skin manifestations&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum is one of the 5 known types of angiokeratoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> It is highly characteristic of Fabry disease&#44; but can also be seen in other lysosomal storage diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> Angiokeratomas&#44; which can appear in childhood or adulthood&#44; develop in 66&#37; of male patients with Fabry disease and in 36&#37; of female patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> While the term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">angiokeratoma corporis diffusum</span> suggests the presence of multiple angiokeratomas&#44; this is not always the case&#46; Furthermore&#44; as seen in 3 of the 5 cases we describe&#44; the lesions can appear in isolation or in clusters and can affect any part of the skin&#44; mucous membranes&#44; or genitals&#46; Angiokeratomas classically occur in a bathing trunk distribution&#44; referred to as such because the lesions typically affect the buttocks&#44; the thighs&#44; and the genitals&#46; Of particular interest in our series was the unilateral&#44; left-sided&#44; distribution observed in 1 patient and the presence of small lesions in 2 patients &#40;around the mouth and the umbilicus in one case and on the genital mucosa in the other&#41;&#46; The detection of angiokeratomas on the genital mucosa can erroneously lead to a diagnosis of angiokeratoma of Fordyce&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnosis of Fabry disease in a patient with lesions in less common sites is more difficult&#44; but physicians should maintain a high level of clinical suspicion&#46; While manifestations of the disease generally appear after the first decade of life&#44; with acroparesthesia&#44; angiokeratomas&#44; exercise intolerance&#44; and eye and gastrointestinal disorders&#44; the main complications appear in young adults&#44; who develop renal&#44; cardiac&#44; and cerebrovascular signs and symptoms&#46; Considering that specific treatment is available for Fabry disease&#44; early diagnosis &#40;often based on the detection of angiokeratomas&#41; is important&#44; as timely treatment can prevent the development of serious&#44; irreversible complications&#46; Dermatologists can play a key role in this respect&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enzyme replacement therapy &#40;with agalsidase alpha&#41; is the only specific treatment available for Fabry disease&#44; and has been shown to stabilize renal function and reduce left ventricular hypertrophy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;10</span></a> In our series&#44; treatment did not improve any of the skin manifestations present before treatment initiation&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; the detection of angiokeratomas&#44; regardless of their location or distribution&#44; should alert the dermatologist to a possible diagnosis of Fabry disease and prompt the performance of relevant tests to confirm or rule out this serious&#44; treatable disease&#46; Young relatives of newly diagnosed patients should also be studied&#44; with a particular focus on symptoms that may have been missed or interpreted incorrectly&#46;</p></span>"
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        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as&#58; Guinovart RM&#44; et al&#46; Enfermedad de Fabry&#58; espectro cl&#237;nico de los angioqueratomas&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2013&#59;104&#58;261&#8211;3&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Small lesions in the form of angiokeratomas around the umbilicus &#40;patient &#35;1&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; ERT&#44; enzyme replacement therapy&#59; F&#44; female&#59; M&#44; male&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex &#40;M&#47;F&#41;&#47;Age&#44; y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Extracutaneous Manifestations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Location of Angiokeratomas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age at Onset of Angiokeratomas&#44; y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Duration of ERT&#44; y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Other Skin Manifestations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">M&#47;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Exercise intoleranceCornea verticillata&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Around mouth and umbilicus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">F&#47;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AcroparesthesiaExercise intoleranceTinnitusDiarrheaCornea verticillata&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Left lumbar region&#44; vulva&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hypohidrosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">M&#47;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AcroparesthesiaExercise intoleranceTinnitusAbdominal painCornea verticillata&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Left body&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">M&#47;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Left ventricular hypertrophyProteinuriaExercise intoleranceDiarrhea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Flank&#44; waist&#44; and medial aspect of thighs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hypohidrosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">M&#47;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AcroparesthesiaVascular tortuosity in both eyes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thighs&#44; buttocks&#44; genitals&#44; and palms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
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        0 => array:2 [
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