Case and Research Letters
Lymphangioma-Like Kaposi Sarcoma
Sarcoma de Kaposi a tipo linfangioma
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(hematoxilina-eosina x10).</p> <p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">B:</span> Luces vasculares dilatadas dispuestas entre los haces de colágeno, revestidas por un endotelio plano de aspecto benigno, sin atipia nuclear, pleomorfismo celular ni mitosis. (hematoxilina-eosina x100).</p> <p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">C:</span> Los núcleos de las células endoteliales, que revestían las luces de las áreas a tipo linfangioma, se tiñeron con el marcador inmunohistoquímico para herpes virus tipo 8 (x200)</p> <p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">D:</span> Positividad para podoplanina en las células endoteliales (x200).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Agustí-Mejias, F. Messeguer, A. Pérez, V. Alegre de Miquel" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." 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Agustí-Mejias, F. Messeguer, A. Pérez, V. Alegre de Miquel" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Agustí-Mejias" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "annaagusti@comv.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Messeguer" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Pérez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Alegre de Miquel" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Sarcoma de Kaposi a tipo linfangioma" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1172 "Ancho" => 1588 "Tamanyo" => 181034 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Initial presentation of the lesion on the flexor aspect of the forearm. Pliable, erythematous-violaceous plaques with poorly defined borders are shown. B, Lesion on the forearm during the fourth recurrence 3 years before development of the most recent lesion. This lesion is indurated and brownish, and the borders of the erythematous plaque are poorly defined. C, Lesion on the right thigh during the recurrence 6 months before the most recently developed lesion. The multinodular tumor is superficial and ulcerated and has a fleshy appearance.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report on a recent lesion in a 75-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with classic Kaposi sarcoma (KS) 8 years earlier, at which time she presented with plaques on the right thigh and right forearm (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A) and no metastasis was detected. Findings from the initial biopsy of the forearm lesions were compatible with nodular KS. During the 8-year follow-up, the patient developed 7 recurrent skin tumors on the forearm and legs. Each tumor had the same clinical appearance in the form of plaques (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B), and no systemic involvement was detected at any time. The lesions were treated with liposomal doxorubicin. Biopsies were taken from the forearm at each recurrence and histology continued to show findings consistent with nodular KS mixed with lymphangioma-like areas. These areas were comprised of irregularly-dilated ectatic vascular spaces in the reticular dermis that were lined by moderately atypical endothelial cells. These spaces were greater in number and size than normal lymphatic vessels (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). Immunohistochemistry showed strong CD34 positivity. Endothelial cells lining the lymphangioma-like areas of the tumor were also positive on staining with human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) antibody (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>C) and the lymphatic endothelial marker podoplanin (D2-40) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>D). Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with lymphangioma-like KS. Seven months after completing the most recent cycle of chemotherapy with doxorubicin, the patient presented with a serious recurrence consisting of localized, multinodular, ulcerated lesions on both legs but more severe on the right thigh; severe lymphedema was also noted (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>C). She was given radiotherapy, second-line chemotherapy with paclitaxel (taxol), and thorough local treatments. At the time of writing the lesions remained ulcerated and had not changed in size. The patient attended scheduled follow-up visits and did not show signs of systemic spread of disease.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lymphangioma-like KS was first described in 1957 by Ronchese and Kern,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> but the histologic characteristics of these tumors were not reported until the 1979 publication of Gange and Jones.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> This tumor is a rare histopathologic variant comprising fewer than 5% of all KS cases and appearing among all KS epidemiological subtypes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–5</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinically, the presence of blistering vascular lesions has been described as a characteristic finding in lymphangioma-like KS, although such lesions may also appear in other more common KS presentations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–7</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histologically, and in contrast with classic KS, the lymphangioma-like variant does not normally have hemosiderin deposits. Red blood cells are found neither outside nor inside the vascular lumen, and spindle-shaped cells are scarce, contributing to the lymphangioma-like appearance of these lesions. As lymphangioma-like areas are typically found at points within a classic KS, the presence of classic KS areas would be an important factor to consider in the diagnosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> However, classic KS areas have been absent from some lymphangioma-like KSs, and the differential diagnosis with other benign and malignant vascular tumors is therefore considerably more complex and must include benign lymphangioma, spindle cell hemangioendothelioma, low-grade angiosarcoma, retiform hemangioendothelioma, and targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma (hobnail hemangioma).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,8,9</span></a> Immunohistochemistry with antibodies to HHV-8 plays an essential role in establishing the definitive diagnosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,9,10</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The histogenesis of KS has been the subject of considerable debate; discussion centers on whether this disease is blood-borne or originates in the lymphatic endothelial cells. With regard to lymphangioma-like KS specifically, histologic findings suggest that it originates from lymphatic endothelial cells, as initially suggested by Gange and Jones.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> This interpretation is consistent with recent immunohistochemical findings showing intense expression of several markers that are specific for the lymphatic endothelium; this was the pattern we saw in the neoplastic cells from our patient. It has been postulated that chronic lymphedema or a history of radiotherapy in the affected area could increase the risk of developing lymphangioma-like KS lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,5</span></a> Our patient had never received radiotherapy and did not present with chronic lymphedema. In addition, the lesion in which we detected the lymphangioma-like KS was located on the forearm, not on a lower limb as described in most cases of this type of KS.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This new case of lymphangioma-like KS involved a history of histologically classic KS with successive recurrences consisting of lesions with the same clinical appearance, but with histopathologic findings suggestive of lymphangioma. A detailed histologic study in combination with immunohistochemistry, such as staining for HHV-8 latent nuclear antigen, is essential for correctly diagnosing lymphangioma-like KS.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as: A. Agustí-Mejias, F. Messeguer, A. Pérez, V. Alegre de Miquel. Sarcoma de Kaposi a tipo linfangioma. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:547-9.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1172 "Ancho" => 1588 "Tamanyo" => 181034 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Initial presentation of the lesion on the flexor aspect of the forearm. Pliable, erythematous-violaceous plaques with poorly defined borders are shown. B, Lesion on the forearm during the fourth recurrence 3 years before development of the most recent lesion. This lesion is indurated and brownish, and the borders of the erythematous plaque are poorly defined. C, Lesion on the right thigh during the recurrence 6 months before the most recently developed lesion. The multinodular tumor is superficial and ulcerated and has a fleshy appearance.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1000 "Ancho" => 1324 "Tamanyo" => 503516 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Poorly defined dermal tumor comprised of wide vascular spaces. Hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×10. B, Dilated vascular lumen located among collagen bundles and lined by a flat endothelium with a benign appearance and without nuclear atypia, cellular pleomorphism, or mitosis. Hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×100. C, Nuclei of endothelial cells lining the lumen in the lymphangioma-like areas, stained with the immunohistochemical marker for human herpes virus type 8, original magnification ×200. D, Podoplanin-positive endothelial cells, original magnification ×200.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lymphangioma-like tumors in Kaposi's sarcoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "F. Ronchese" 1 => "A.B. 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 8 | 12 | 20 |
| 2024 Octubre | 66 | 30 | 96 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 75 | 28 | 103 |
| 2024 Agosto | 98 | 79 | 177 |
| 2024 Julio | 75 | 35 | 110 |
| 2024 Junio | 82 | 25 | 107 |
| 2024 Mayo | 63 | 43 | 106 |
| 2024 Abril | 69 | 24 | 93 |
| 2024 Marzo | 73 | 33 | 106 |
| 2024 Febrero | 52 | 21 | 73 |
| 2024 Enero | 45 | 32 | 77 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 51 | 15 | 66 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 57 | 24 | 81 |
| 2023 Octubre | 53 | 18 | 71 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 67 | 38 | 105 |
| 2023 Agosto | 58 | 11 | 69 |
| 2023 Julio | 42 | 29 | 71 |
| 2023 Junio | 54 | 22 | 76 |
| 2023 Mayo | 56 | 25 | 81 |
| 2023 Abril | 48 | 30 | 78 |
| 2023 Marzo | 68 | 29 | 97 |
| 2023 Febrero | 44 | 21 | 65 |
| 2023 Enero | 41 | 26 | 67 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 61 | 40 | 101 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 25 | 23 | 48 |
| 2022 Octubre | 31 | 33 | 64 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 30 | 33 | 63 |
| 2022 Agosto | 36 | 33 | 69 |
| 2022 Julio | 21 | 27 | 48 |
| 2022 Junio | 25 | 34 | 59 |
| 2022 Mayo | 35 | 22 | 57 |
| 2022 Abril | 41 | 50 | 91 |
| 2022 Marzo | 31 | 44 | 75 |
| 2022 Febrero | 42 | 27 | 69 |
| 2022 Enero | 30 | 31 | 61 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 22 | 45 | 67 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 38 | 38 | 76 |
| 2021 Octubre | 35 | 57 | 92 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 28 | 32 | 60 |
| 2021 Agosto | 26 | 36 | 62 |
| 2021 Julio | 24 | 24 | 48 |
| 2021 Junio | 33 | 33 | 66 |
| 2021 Mayo | 33 | 52 | 85 |
| 2021 Abril | 71 | 54 | 125 |
| 2021 Marzo | 60 | 30 | 90 |
| 2021 Febrero | 62 | 35 | 97 |
| 2021 Enero | 41 | 22 | 63 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 40 | 22 | 62 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 24 | 17 | 41 |
| 2020 Octubre | 27 | 13 | 40 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 38 | 22 | 60 |
| 2020 Agosto | 24 | 23 | 47 |
| 2020 Julio | 27 | 17 | 44 |
| 2020 Junio | 42 | 25 | 67 |
| 2020 Mayo | 25 | 26 | 51 |
| 2020 Abril | 28 | 29 | 57 |
| 2020 Marzo | 37 | 24 | 61 |
| 2020 Febrero | 5 | 9 | 14 |
| 2020 Enero | 3 | 11 | 14 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 7 | 4 | 11 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2019 Octubre | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2019 Agosto | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2019 Julio | 4 | 11 | 15 |
| 2019 Junio | 6 | 19 | 25 |
| 2019 Mayo | 7 | 11 | 18 |
| 2019 Abril | 2 | 14 | 16 |
| 2019 Marzo | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2019 Febrero | 0 | 7 | 7 |
| 2019 Enero | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 1 | 7 | 8 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2018 Octubre | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 2018 Agosto | 0 | 11 | 11 |
| 2018 Julio | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 Junio | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2018 Mayo | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2018 Abril | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 Marzo | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2018 Febrero | 32 | 13 | 45 |
| 2018 Enero | 40 | 12 | 52 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 42 | 4 | 46 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 26 | 6 | 32 |
| 2017 Octubre | 32 | 6 | 38 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 31 | 6 | 37 |
| 2017 Agosto | 30 | 15 | 45 |
| 2017 Julio | 31 | 9 | 40 |
| 2017 Junio | 51 | 21 | 72 |
| 2017 Mayo | 37 | 10 | 47 |
| 2017 Abril | 36 | 10 | 46 |
| 2017 Marzo | 20 | 23 | 43 |
| 2017 Febrero | 27 | 7 | 34 |
| 2017 Enero | 24 | 7 | 31 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 43 | 5 | 48 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 51 | 29 | 80 |
| 2016 Octubre | 76 | 19 | 95 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 64 | 8 | 72 |
| 2016 Agosto | 60 | 12 | 72 |
| 2016 Julio | 36 | 12 | 48 |
| 2016 Junio | 8 | 11 | 19 |
| 2016 Mayo | 6 | 17 | 23 |
| 2016 Abril | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2016 Marzo | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2016 Febrero | 7 | 3 | 10 |
| 2016 Enero | 12 | 3 | 15 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 11 | 1 | 12 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 10 | 40 | 50 |
| 2015 Octubre | 23 | 52 | 75 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 15 | 14 | 29 |
| 2015 Agosto | 19 | 3 | 22 |
| 2015 Julio | 67 | 14 | 81 |
| 2015 Junio | 46 | 11 | 57 |
| 2015 Mayo | 81 | 16 | 97 |
| 2015 Abril | 64 | 9 | 73 |
| 2015 Marzo | 53 | 11 | 64 |
| 2015 Febrero | 53 | 6 | 59 |
| 2015 Enero | 63 | 17 | 80 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 62 | 6 | 68 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 54 | 12 | 66 |
| 2014 Octubre | 70 | 13 | 83 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 55 | 16 | 71 |
| 2014 Agosto | 61 | 13 | 74 |
| 2014 Julio | 65 | 21 | 86 |
| 2014 Junio | 49 | 2 | 51 |
| 2014 Mayo | 33 | 8 | 41 |
| 2014 Abril | 41 | 8 | 49 |
| 2014 Marzo | 50 | 7 | 57 |
| 2014 Febrero | 26 | 9 | 35 |
| 2014 Enero | 21 | 6 | 27 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 39 | 6 | 45 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 20 | 8 | 28 |
| 2013 Octubre | 20 | 9 | 29 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 16 | 10 | 26 |
| 2013 Agosto | 10 | 7 | 17 |
| 2013 Julio | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| 2013 Junio | 12 | 6 | 18 |
| 2013 Mayo | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2013 Abril | 12 | 10 | 22 |
| 2013 Marzo | 21 | 7 | 28 |
| 2013 Febrero | 35 | 3 | 38 |
| 2013 Enero | 31 | 7 | 38 |
| 2012 Diciembre | 16 | 6 | 22 |
| 2012 Noviembre | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2012 Octubre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2012 Septiembre | 0 | 3 | 3 |
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