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Se han utilizado corticoides&#44; inmunosupresores cl&#225;sicos&#44; anti-TNF alfa&#44; inmunoglobulinas endovenosas &#40;IGEV&#41; y plasmaf&#233;resis sin clara evidencia de su efectividad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gonz&#225;lez-Herrada et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> publicaron recientemente los resultados de un estudio realizado en 2 unidades de quemados de Madrid&#46; En la primera&#44; el Hospital Universitario de Getafe &#40;HUG&#41; se ha utilizado principalmente ciclosporina &#40;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d hasta la reepitelizaci&#243;n &#91;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#93;&#41; para tratar las NE&#44; y en la segunda&#44; el Hospital Universitario La Paz &#40;HULP&#41;&#44; mayoritariamente terapias sin ciclosporina&#44; basadas fundamentalmente en IGEV&#46; Estas condiciones permitieron analizar un &#171;ensayo cl&#237;nico natural&#187;&#46; Se incluyeron 71 pacientes mayores de 14 a&#241;os con esta enfermedad&#46; Se realizaron 3 tipos de an&#225;lisis&#44; primero seleccionaron a los 42 individuos que viv&#237;an en Madrid&#44; 22 de 23 recibieron ciclosporina en el HUG y 4 de 19 en el HULP&#46; Solo un paciente falleci&#243; en el HUG &#40;1&#47;23&#44; 4&#44;3&#37;&#41; y 6 en el HULP &#40;6&#47;19&#44; 31&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Al analizar la asignaci&#243;n hospitalaria como variable instrumental&#44; el riesgo de mortalidad &#40;RM&#41; fue significativamente menor con ciclosporina &#40;0&#44;09 &#91;IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;00-0&#44;49&#93;&#41;&#46; En segundo lugar se analizaron los 71 pacientes &#40;de Madrid y otras regiones&#41;&#44; 49 de los cuales recibieron ciclosporina&#46; La mortalidad observada con este f&#225;rmaco fue significativamente menor que la mortalidad esperada seg&#250;n el SCORTEN &#40;RM 0&#44;42 &#91;IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;14-0&#44;99&#93;&#41;&#46; En tercer lugar se realiz&#243; un metaan&#225;lisis&#44; incluyendo 6 estudios con un total de 134 pacientes con NE tratados con ciclosporina &#40;49 de la serie actual&#41;&#44; describi&#233;ndose una significativa reducci&#243;n del riesgo de mortalidad observada versus la mortalidad esperada por SCORTEN &#40;RM 0&#44;41 &#91;IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;21-0&#44;80&#93;&#41;&#46; Se estim&#243; que ser&#237;a necesario tratar con ciclosporina a solo 5&#44;6 pacientes con NE para salvar una vida&#46; En cuanto a los efectos adversos asociados al tratamiento&#44; esto no se especifica en el art&#237;culo&#44; pero ning&#250;n paciente debi&#243; suspender la terapia con ciclosporina&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En un metaan&#225;lisis sobre la eficacia de los diversos inmunomoduladores en las NE&#44; Zimmermann et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> describieron la eficacia de ciclosporina &#40;OR&#58; 0&#44;1&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;0-0&#44;4&#41; y un discreto beneficio al utilizar corticoides &#40;OR&#58; 0&#44;7&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;5-0&#44;97&#41;&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; Mohanty et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> publicaron recientemente los resultados de un estudio retrospectivo &#40;no incluido en el metaan&#225;lisis anterior&#41; de 28 individuos con NE&#44; 19 tratados con ciclosporina y 9 solo con medidas de soporte &#40;SMS&#41;&#46; Se registr&#243; una muerte en el grupo con ciclosporina y 5 en el grupo con SMS &#40;previsible por SCORTEN&#58; 3&#44;11 y 4&#44;73&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; El RM significativamente mayor con SMS &#40;2&#44;13 &#91;IC 95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;02-4&#44;46&#93;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Es primordial la retirada precoz del f&#225;rmaco y la administraci&#243;n de medidas de soporte avanzadas en el tratamiento de las NE&#46; 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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Muertes esperadas seg&#250;n SCORTEN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Valeyrie-Allanore et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico prospectivo abierto &#40;2005-2010&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 10 d&#237;as&#44; seguido de 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 10 d&#237;as y luego 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 10 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Singh et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#44; 2013&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico prospectivo abierto &#40;2011-2012&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 7 d&#237;as y luego 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 7 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Kirchhof et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#44; 2014&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio retrospectivo&#40;2001-2011&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3-5 mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 7 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">McKenzie et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; 2016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio prospectivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3-5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 4-5 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lee et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#44; 2017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio retrospectivo&#40;2011-2014&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 10 d&#237;as&#44; seguidos de 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 10 d&#237;as y luego 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 10 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Gonzalez-Herrada et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; 2017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio retrospectivo&#40;2001-2010&#41; y prospectivo&#40;2011-2015&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d hasta la reepitelizaci&#243;n y luego disminuci&#243;n de 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;d&#237;a cada 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mohanty et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; 2017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospectivo &#40;2014-2015&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 10 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Resumen de las publicaciones sobre el uso de ciclosporina en las necr&#243;lisis epid&#233;rmicas &#40;s&#237;ndrome de Stevens-Johnson&#47;necr&#243;lisis epid&#233;rmica t&#243;xica&#41;</p>"
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    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "U&#46;K&#46; guidelines for the management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome&#47;toxic epidermal necrolysis in adults 2016"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
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                            0 => "D&#46; Creamer"
                            1 => "S&#46;A&#46; Walsh"
                            2 => "P&#46; Dziewulski"
                            3 => "L&#46;S&#46; Exton"
                            4 => "H&#46;Y&#46; Lee"
                            5 => "J&#46;K&#46;G&#46; Dart"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/bjd.14530"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
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                        "volumen" => "174"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1194"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1227"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Systemic immunomodulating therapies for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis&#58; A systematic review and meta-analysis"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Zimmermann"
                            1 => "P&#46; Sekula"
                            2 => "M&#46; Venhoff"
                            3 => "E&#46; Motschall"
                            4 => "J&#46; Knaus"
                            5 => "M&#46; Schumacher"
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                      ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.5668"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cyclosporine use in epidermal necrolysis is associated with an important mortality reduction&#58; Evidence from three different approaches"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Herrada"
                            1 => "S&#46; Rodr&#237;guez-Mart&#237;n"
                            2 => "L&#46; Cachafeiro"
                            3 => "V&#46; Lerma"
                            4 => "O&#46; Gonz&#225;lez"
                            5 => "J&#46;A&#46; Lorente"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jid.2017.05.022"
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                        "fecha" => "2017"
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                      "titulo" => "Open trial of ciclosporin treatment for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis"
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                          "etal" => true
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                            2 => "L&#46; Brochard"
                            3 => "N&#46; Ortonne"
                            4 => "B&#46; Ma&#238;tre"
                            5 => "J&#46; Revuz"
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol&#46;"
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                      "titulo" => "Cyclosporine in Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis and retrospective comparison with systemic corticosteroid"
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                          "etal" => false
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                            2 => "R&#46; Verma"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4103/0378-6323.116738"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "79"
                        "paginaInicial" => "686"
                        "paginaFinal" => "692"
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FR-Ciclosporina como tratamiento de primera línea en las necrólisis epidérmicas
FR-Ciclosporin as a First-Line Treatment in Epidermal Necrolysis
D. Morgado-sCarrasco, X. Fustà-Novell, P. Iranzo
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piranzo@clinic.cat

Autor para correspondencia.
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Se han utilizado corticoides&#44; inmunosupresores cl&#225;sicos&#44; anti-TNF alfa&#44; inmunoglobulinas endovenosas &#40;IGEV&#41; y plasmaf&#233;resis sin clara evidencia de su efectividad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gonz&#225;lez-Herrada et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> publicaron recientemente los resultados de un estudio realizado en 2 unidades de quemados de Madrid&#46; En la primera&#44; el Hospital Universitario de Getafe &#40;HUG&#41; se ha utilizado principalmente ciclosporina &#40;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d hasta la reepitelizaci&#243;n &#91;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#93;&#41; para tratar las NE&#44; y en la segunda&#44; el Hospital Universitario La Paz &#40;HULP&#41;&#44; mayoritariamente terapias sin ciclosporina&#44; basadas fundamentalmente en IGEV&#46; Estas condiciones permitieron analizar un &#171;ensayo cl&#237;nico natural&#187;&#46; Se incluyeron 71 pacientes mayores de 14 a&#241;os con esta enfermedad&#46; Se realizaron 3 tipos de an&#225;lisis&#44; primero seleccionaron a los 42 individuos que viv&#237;an en Madrid&#44; 22 de 23 recibieron ciclosporina en el HUG y 4 de 19 en el HULP&#46; Solo un paciente falleci&#243; en el HUG &#40;1&#47;23&#44; 4&#44;3&#37;&#41; y 6 en el HULP &#40;6&#47;19&#44; 31&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Al analizar la asignaci&#243;n hospitalaria como variable instrumental&#44; el riesgo de mortalidad &#40;RM&#41; fue significativamente menor con ciclosporina &#40;0&#44;09 &#91;IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;00-0&#44;49&#93;&#41;&#46; En segundo lugar se analizaron los 71 pacientes &#40;de Madrid y otras regiones&#41;&#44; 49 de los cuales recibieron ciclosporina&#46; La mortalidad observada con este f&#225;rmaco fue significativamente menor que la mortalidad esperada seg&#250;n el SCORTEN &#40;RM 0&#44;42 &#91;IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;14-0&#44;99&#93;&#41;&#46; En tercer lugar se realiz&#243; un metaan&#225;lisis&#44; incluyendo 6 estudios con un total de 134 pacientes con NE tratados con ciclosporina &#40;49 de la serie actual&#41;&#44; describi&#233;ndose una significativa reducci&#243;n del riesgo de mortalidad observada versus la mortalidad esperada por SCORTEN &#40;RM 0&#44;41 &#91;IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;21-0&#44;80&#93;&#41;&#46; Se estim&#243; que ser&#237;a necesario tratar con ciclosporina a solo 5&#44;6 pacientes con NE para salvar una vida&#46; En cuanto a los efectos adversos asociados al tratamiento&#44; esto no se especifica en el art&#237;culo&#44; pero ning&#250;n paciente debi&#243; suspender la terapia con ciclosporina&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En un metaan&#225;lisis sobre la eficacia de los diversos inmunomoduladores en las NE&#44; Zimmermann et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> describieron la eficacia de ciclosporina &#40;OR&#58; 0&#44;1&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;0-0&#44;4&#41; y un discreto beneficio al utilizar corticoides &#40;OR&#58; 0&#44;7&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;5-0&#44;97&#41;&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; Mohanty et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> publicaron recientemente los resultados de un estudio retrospectivo &#40;no incluido en el metaan&#225;lisis anterior&#41; de 28 individuos con NE&#44; 19 tratados con ciclosporina y 9 solo con medidas de soporte &#40;SMS&#41;&#46; Se registr&#243; una muerte en el grupo con ciclosporina y 5 en el grupo con SMS &#40;previsible por SCORTEN&#58; 3&#44;11 y 4&#44;73&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; El RM significativamente mayor con SMS &#40;2&#44;13 &#91;IC 95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;02-4&#44;46&#93;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Es primordial la retirada precoz del f&#225;rmaco y la administraci&#243;n de medidas de soporte avanzadas en el tratamiento de las NE&#46; Bas&#225;ndonos en la evidencia disponible &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#44; creemos justificado indicar precozmente ciclosporina&#46; Es imperativo que estas intervenciones sean realizadas r&#225;pidamente&#44; ya que debido a la evoluci&#243;n de las NE&#44; las medidas adoptadas despu&#233;s de los primeros 7 d&#237;as no ser&#237;an efectivas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p></span>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Autor y a&#241;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dosis de ciclosporina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#250;mero de pacientes con ciclosporina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Muertes observadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Muertes esperadas seg&#250;n SCORTEN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Valeyrie-Allanore et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico prospectivo abierto &#40;2005-2010&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 10 d&#237;as&#44; seguido de 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 10 d&#237;as y luego 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 10 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Singh et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#44; 2013&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico prospectivo abierto &#40;2011-2012&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 7 d&#237;as y luego 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 7 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Kirchhof et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#44; 2014&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio retrospectivo&#40;2001-2011&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3-5 mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 7 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">McKenzie et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; 2016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio prospectivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3-5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 4-5 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Lee et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#44; 2017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio retrospectivo&#40;2011-2014&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 10 d&#237;as&#44; seguidos de 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 10 d&#237;as y luego 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 10 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Gonzalez-Herrada et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; 2017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio retrospectivo&#40;2001-2010&#41; y prospectivo&#40;2011-2015&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d hasta la reepitelizaci&#243;n y luego disminuci&#243;n de 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;d&#237;a cada 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mohanty et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; 2017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospectivo &#40;2014-2015&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;d por 10 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Resumen de las publicaciones sobre el uso de ciclosporina en las necr&#243;lisis epid&#233;rmicas &#40;s&#237;ndrome de Stevens-Johnson&#47;necr&#243;lisis epid&#233;rmica t&#243;xica&#41;</p>"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "U&#46;K&#46; guidelines for the management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome&#47;toxic epidermal necrolysis in adults 2016"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
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                            0 => "D&#46; Creamer"
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                            3 => "L&#46;S&#46; Exton"
                            4 => "H&#46;Y&#46; Lee"
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                        "volumen" => "174"
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                      "titulo" => "Systemic immunomodulating therapies for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis&#58; A systematic review and meta-analysis"
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                      "titulo" => "Cyclosporine use in epidermal necrolysis is associated with an important mortality reduction&#58; Evidence from three different approaches"
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                      "Revista" => array:5 [
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 00017310
Idioma original: Español
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