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    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"> INTRODUCCI&#211;N</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">El s&#237;ndrome de Muir-Torre &#40;SMT&#41; es una rara entidad&#44; caracterizada por la aparici&#243;n de tumores cut&#225;neos derivados de las gl&#225;ndulas seb&#225;ceas&#44; asociados a neoplasias malignas internas&#46; Fue inicialmente descrito por Muir en 1967<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> y posteriormente por Torre en 1968<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46; El n&#250;mero de casos descritos en la literatura hasta la actualidad supera escasamente los 200&#44; pero probablemente sea un s&#237;ndrome infradiagnosticado y su frecuencia sea mayor&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Actualmente se acepta como una genodermatosis de transmisi&#243;n autos&#243;mica dominante&#44; con penetrancia y expresividad variables<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44; 4</span>&#46; Recientemente ha sido descrita en asociaci&#243;n a otras enfermedades de base gen&#233;tica&#44; como d&#233;ficit de alfa-1-antitripsina<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> e hiperlipidemia familiar<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">La detecci&#243;n de una historia familiar de carcinoma en estos pacientes<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44; 7&#44; 8</span> ha llevado a encuadrar al SMT dentro del s&#237;ndrome de carcinomatosis m&#250;ltiple familiar &#40;SCF&#41; o s&#237;ndrome de Linch II&#44; como una manifestaci&#243;n fenot&#237;pica peculiar de &#233;ste&#44; recomend&#225;ndose la realizaci&#243;n de despistaje en familiares asintom&#225;ticos&#44; dado el riesgo de desarrollo de procesos neopl&#225;sicos en diferentes &#243;rganos<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9-12</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Inicialmente existi&#243; gran controversia sobre qu&#233; tipos de proliferaciones seb&#225;ceas deb&#237;an ser incluidas en el s&#237;ndrome hasta que Cohen et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44; 14</span> establecieron los criterios diagn&#243;sticos&#44; aceptando como &#250;nicos marcadores cut&#225;neos el adenoma&#44; el epitelioma seb&#225;ceo o sebaceoma y el carcinoma seb&#225;ceo&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">CASO CL&#205;NICO</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Un var&#243;n de 65 a&#241;os con antecedentes de adenocarcinoma de colon&#44; tratado quir&#250;rgicamente en dos ocasiones &#40;a&#241;os 1981 y 1992&#41;&#44; y adenocarcinoma g&#225;strico&#44; intervenido en 1995&#44; fue remitido tras el diagn&#243;stico de su primera neoplasia visceral a nuestra consulta por presentar varias lesiones cut&#225;neas en el &#225;rea facial&#46; Entre los a&#241;os 1992 y 1998 desarroll&#243; 6 lesiones papulosas y papulonodulares&#44; de coloraci&#243;n variable&#44; amarillentas a marron&#225;ceas&#44; de tama&#241;o variable entre 0&#44;3 y 0&#44;8 cm de di&#225;metro&#44; localizadas en frente&#44; mejilla izquierda&#44; nariz y cuello &#40;figs&#46; 1A y B&#41;&#46; Tras la ex&#233;resis&#44; el diagn&#243;stico histol&#243;gico fue de dos sebaceomas&#44; un adenoma seb&#225;ceo y tres hiperplasias seb&#225;ceas &#40;figs&#46; 2 y 3&#41;&#46; Con la asociaci&#243;n de neoplasias viscerales y tumores de estirpe seb&#225;cea se estableci&#243; el diagn&#243;stico de s&#237;ndrome de Muir-Torre &#40;SMT&#41;&#46; El paciente evolucion&#243; favorablemente&#44; sin signos de recidiva ni metast&#225;sis&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="103v94n01-13043604tab01.gif"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Fig&#46; 1&#46;--A&#58; sebaceoma en mejilla izquierda&#46; B&#58; lesi&#243;n papulosa amarillenta en cuello correspondiente a un adenoma seb&#225;ceo&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="103v94n01-13043604tab02.gif"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Fig&#46; 2&#46;--Imagen histol&#243;gica del sebaceoma&#58; n&#243;dulo polilobulado&#44; bien delimitado en dermis superficial&#44; con presencia de c&#233;lulas basaloides inmaduras y nidos centrales de c&#233;lulas seb&#225;ceas maduras sin atipia citol&#243;gica &#40;hematoxilina-eosina&#44; 40x&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="103v94n01-13043604tab03.gif"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Fig&#46; 3&#46;--Imagen histol&#243;gica del sebaceoma&#44; apreci&#225;ndose l&#243;bulos seb&#225;ceos&#44; de tama&#241;o irregular&#44; con predominio de c&#233;lulas seb&#225;ceas maduras incompletamente diferenciadas&#44; rodeadas de una capa de c&#233;lulas basaloides &#40;hematoxilina-eosina&#44; 40x&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Existe adem&#225;s una importante historia de c&#225;ncer familiar por v&#237;a paterna&#44; destacando padre&#44; un t&#237;o&#44; un primo y un sobrino fallecidos por neoplasias no filiadas&#44; dos primos fallecidos por carcinomas de colon y est&#243;mago y un primo en tratamiento por adenocarcinoma de colon&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> DISCUSI&#211;N</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">El adenoma seb&#225;ceo es el tumor m&#225;s frecuente en el SMT<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44; 7&#44; 15</span>&#59; se localiza fundamentalmente en el &#225;rea facial&#44; no metastatiza y no recidiva&#46; Aunque semejantes datos cl&#237;nicos aparecen tambi&#233;n descritos en la poblaci&#243;n normal&#44; hay que destacar el desarrollo de m&#250;ltiples adenomas en otras localizaciones&#44; no faciales&#44; en los pacientes afectados de SMT<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44; 16</span>&#46; El epitelioma seb&#225;ceo tiene un comportamiento benigno&#44; y aunque puede invadir localmente&#44; el riesgo de met&#225;stasis es m&#237;nimo<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44; 17&#44; 18</span>&#46; El carcinoma seb&#225;ceo&#44; originado a partir de las gl&#225;ndulas de Meibomio&#44; suele localizarse a nivel oculopalpebral&#44; siendo importante destacar su menor poder metastatizante frente a localizaciones extraoculares<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44; 19-22</span>&#46; Las hiperplasias seb&#225;ceas se asocian frecuentemente&#44; aunque no se consideran un marcador diagn&#243;stico&#46; Suelen aparecer en personas de edad avanzada&#44; pero no implican un aumento de la incidencia de neoplasias viscerales malignas<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44; 16&#44; 23</span>&#46; Los queratoacantomas aparecen descritos en un 20&#37; de los pacientes con SMT&#44; mostrando predilecci&#243;n por la edad media y localiz&#225;ndose en &#225;reas fotoexpuestas<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">En este amplio espectro de proliferaciones seb&#225;ceas presentes en el SMT se incluyen&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; el hamartoma qu&#237;stico foliculoseb&#225;ceo<span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44; 25</span>&#44; el epitelioma basocelular con diferenciaci&#243;n seb&#225;cea<span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span>&#44; el tricofoliculoma seb&#225;ceo<span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span> y el sebomatricoma&#44; nueva denominaci&#243;n establecida por S&#225;nchez Yus et al para un amplio grupo de lesiones cut&#225;neas benignas con diferenciaci&#243;n seb&#225;cea<span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span>&#46; No obstante&#44; ninguna de las clasificaciones existentes es enteramente satisfactoria&#44; agrup&#225;ndose algunas bajo la denominaci&#243;n gen&#233;rica de proliferaci&#243;n o lesi&#243;n seb&#225;cea<span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span>&#46; Otro hecho que dificulta el correcto diagn&#243;stico es la ausencia de correlaci&#243;n clinicohistol&#243;gica que frecuentemente se observa<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Algunos autores propusieron como origen de determinados tumores derivados del complejo piloseb&#225;ceo&#44; un fen&#243;meno paraneopl&#225;sico inducido por algunas prote&#237;nas espec&#237;ficas producidas por tumores viscerales<span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span>&#46; En la actualidad&#44; el an&#225;lisis gen&#233;tico molecular est&#225; esclareciendo algunos aspectos etiopatog&#233;nicos del SMT&#46; Se acepta como una variante del SCF o del &#171;c&#225;ncer colorrectal familiar no polip&#243;sico&#187; &#40;CCFNP&#41;&#44; pues un subgrupo es al&#233;lico con ambas entidades<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44; 31&#44; 32</span>&#46; Tanto en el SMT como en el CCFNP existe un error en la replicaci&#243;n gen&#243;mica conocido como inestabilidad microsat&#233;lite&#44; originada por mutaciones en la l&#237;nea germinal heterozigota en los genes encargados de la reparaci&#243;n del ADN&#46; Si adem&#225;s aparecen mutaciones som&#225;ticas adicionales en otros alelos&#44; se pierde la capacidad para la reparaci&#243;n y aparece una clara predisposici&#243;n al desarrollo de tumores en diferentes tejidos<span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#44; 33-35</span>&#46; Si los oncogenes y&#47;o genes supresores tambi&#233;n mutan&#44; se desarrolla la neoplasia<span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#44; 36</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">En el SMT las mutaciones se localizan fundamentalmente en la l&#237;nea germinal h MSH2&#44; y en alg&#250;n caso aislado en h MLH1&#44; mientras que en el CCFNP el trastorno gen&#233;tico afecta a ambos genes de forma similar y con menor frecuencia a las l&#237;neas germinales h PMS1 y h PMS2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">37-41</span>&#46; La raz&#243;n de la afectaci&#243;n predominante del epitelio col&#243;nico y de las gl&#225;ndulas seb&#225;ceas es un hecho a&#250;n no esclarecido<span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">En una reciente revisi&#243;n de la literatura se han descrito 205 casos de SMT con 399 neoplasias viscerales<span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span>&#46; 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una capacidad metastatizante menor que en pacientes oncol&#243;gicos no afectos de esta entidad y una larga supervivencia&#44; con una media de 12 a&#241;os a partir del diagn&#243;stico<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">El carcinoma colorrectal es el tumor asociado con mayor frecuencia &#40;aproximadamente el 60&#37; del total&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span>&#46; Presenta algunas particularidades&#44; tales como su inicio en edades tempranas y su localizaci&#243;n proximal al &#225;ngulo espl&#233;nico&#44; a diferencia de la poblaci&#243;n normal&#44; en la que el colon distal y el recto son los tramos m&#225;s com&#250;nmente afectos<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44; 42</span>&#46; El 28&#37; de los pacientes desarrollan&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; poliposis col&#243;nica&#44; asociaci&#243;n que constituye un marcador de riesgo para la aparici&#243;n de otras neoplasias digestivas<span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">En el 20&#37;-25&#37; de los casos aparecen tumores genitourinarios en todas sus localizaciones<span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span>&#46; Los &#243;rganos implicados con mayor frecuencia son &#250;tero&#44; ri&#241;&#243;n&#44; ovario y pr&#243;stata<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#46; Menos habitual es la presencia de carcinoma de mama y procesos hematol&#243;gicos&#44; como linfomas Hodgkin y no Hodgkin&#44; leucemia linf&#225;tica cr&#243;nica y policitemia vera<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44; 42&#44; 44</span>&#46; Excepcionalmente&#44; el SMT se desarrolla en el contexto de tumoraciones de cabeza&#44; cuello&#44; intestino delgado&#44; est&#243;mago y p&#225;ncreas&#44; o asociada a melanoma<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44; 45</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">La existencia de m&#250;ltiples familiares afectos de neoplasias internas en un paciente afecto de SMT es frecuente&#44; consider&#225;ndose &#233;ste una expresi&#243;n fenot&#237;pica m&#225;s completa del SCF&#46; Recientemente hemos diagnosticado en nuestro hospital otro SMT asociado a linfoma g&#225;strico no Hodgkin primario sin infiltraci&#243;n linfomatosa en otros &#243;rganos&#44; hecho clinicopatol&#243;gico de gran inter&#233;s&#44; pues es una asociaci&#243;n previamente no descrita&#44; coexistiendo adem&#225;s una significativa incidencia tumoral familiar<span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Es importante remarcar la conveniencia de la realizaci&#243;n de un estudio sist&#233;mico completo y un seguimiento posterior a todo paciente diagnosticado de una o varias tumoraciones cut&#225;neas de origen seb&#225;ceo dada su posible asociaci&#243;n a neoplasias viscerales internas&#46; Al tratarse de un cuadro gen&#233;tico debe estudiarse la mayor cantidad posible de familiares de pacientes afectos&#44; incluso asintom&#225;ticos&#44; ya que en ellos el riesgo de desarrollar neoplasias internas malignas es mayor que en el resto de la poblaci&#243;n&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "El s&#237;ndrome de Muir-Torre es una genodermatosis caracterizada por la asociaci&#243;n de tumores cut&#225;neos derivados de las gl&#225;ndulas seb&#225;ceas y neoplasias viscerales&#44; destacando su car&#225;cter familiar&#44; multiplicidad&#44; lenta evoluci&#243;n y buen pron&#243;stico vital&#46; Presentamos el caso de un var&#243;n de 65 a&#241;os diagnosticado de adenocarcinoma de colon y adenocarcinoma g&#225;strico que desarroll&#243; dos sebaceomas&#44; un adenoma seb&#225;ceo y tres hiperplasias seb&#225;ceas&#46; En la familia existe&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; una marcada incidencia de neoplasias viscerales&#44; por lo que el cuadro puede encuadrarse como un s&#237;ndrome de Muir-Torre en el contexto de un s&#237;ndrome de c&#225;ncer familiar&#46; Realizamos una revisi&#243;n de la literatura&#44; destacando las caracter&#237;sticas clinicopatol&#243;gicas m&#225;s importantes de esta entidad&#46;"
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        "resumen" => "Muir-Torre syndrome is a rare genodermatosis characterized by the association of sebaceous gland tumors&#44; and visceral neoplasms&#46; Several features&#44; such as familial inheritance&#44; multiplicity of lesions&#44; slow progresion and favourable life prognosis are typical of this entity&#46; We report a case of a 65 year old man&#44; diagnosed of colon and gastric adenocarcinoma&#44; who developed two sebaceomas&#44; one sebaceous adenoma&#44; and three sebaceous hyperplasias&#46; In addition&#44; there was a high incidence of internal malignancies in his family&#46; We review the literature regarding the most significant clinicopathologic features of this entity&#46;"
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Síndrome de Muir-Torre
Muir-Torre syndrome
Matías Mayor Arenala, Isabel Burón Álvareza, Iolanda Prats Caellesa, Eduardo López de Ayala Casadoa, Isabel Esteban Rodríguezb, Félix Contreras Rubiob, Mariano Casado Jiméneza
a Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid.
b Departamento de Anatomía Patológica. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid.
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    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"> INTRODUCCI&#211;N</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">El s&#237;ndrome de Muir-Torre &#40;SMT&#41; es una rara entidad&#44; caracterizada por la aparici&#243;n de tumores cut&#225;neos derivados de las gl&#225;ndulas seb&#225;ceas&#44; asociados a neoplasias malignas internas&#46; Fue inicialmente descrito por Muir en 1967<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> y posteriormente por Torre en 1968<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46; El n&#250;mero de casos descritos en la literatura hasta la actualidad supera escasamente los 200&#44; pero probablemente sea un s&#237;ndrome infradiagnosticado y su frecuencia sea mayor&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Actualmente se acepta como una genodermatosis de transmisi&#243;n autos&#243;mica dominante&#44; con penetrancia y expresividad variables<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44; 4</span>&#46; Recientemente ha sido descrita en asociaci&#243;n a otras enfermedades de base gen&#233;tica&#44; como d&#233;ficit de alfa-1-antitripsina<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> e hiperlipidemia familiar<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">La detecci&#243;n de una historia familiar de carcinoma en estos pacientes<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44; 7&#44; 8</span> ha llevado a encuadrar al SMT dentro del s&#237;ndrome de carcinomatosis m&#250;ltiple familiar &#40;SCF&#41; o s&#237;ndrome de Linch II&#44; como una manifestaci&#243;n fenot&#237;pica peculiar de &#233;ste&#44; recomend&#225;ndose la realizaci&#243;n de despistaje en familiares asintom&#225;ticos&#44; dado el riesgo de desarrollo de procesos neopl&#225;sicos en diferentes &#243;rganos<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9-12</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Inicialmente existi&#243; gran controversia sobre qu&#233; tipos de proliferaciones seb&#225;ceas deb&#237;an ser incluidas en el s&#237;ndrome hasta que Cohen et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44; 14</span> establecieron los criterios diagn&#243;sticos&#44; aceptando como &#250;nicos marcadores cut&#225;neos el adenoma&#44; el epitelioma seb&#225;ceo o sebaceoma y el carcinoma seb&#225;ceo&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">CASO CL&#205;NICO</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Un var&#243;n de 65 a&#241;os con antecedentes de adenocarcinoma de colon&#44; tratado quir&#250;rgicamente en dos ocasiones &#40;a&#241;os 1981 y 1992&#41;&#44; y adenocarcinoma g&#225;strico&#44; intervenido en 1995&#44; fue remitido tras el diagn&#243;stico de su primera neoplasia visceral a nuestra consulta por presentar varias lesiones cut&#225;neas en el &#225;rea facial&#46; Entre los a&#241;os 1992 y 1998 desarroll&#243; 6 lesiones papulosas y papulonodulares&#44; de coloraci&#243;n variable&#44; amarillentas a marron&#225;ceas&#44; de tama&#241;o variable entre 0&#44;3 y 0&#44;8 cm de di&#225;metro&#44; localizadas en frente&#44; mejilla izquierda&#44; nariz y cuello &#40;figs&#46; 1A y B&#41;&#46; Tras la ex&#233;resis&#44; el diagn&#243;stico histol&#243;gico fue de dos sebaceomas&#44; un adenoma seb&#225;ceo y tres hiperplasias seb&#225;ceas &#40;figs&#46; 2 y 3&#41;&#46; Con la asociaci&#243;n de neoplasias viscerales y tumores de estirpe seb&#225;cea se estableci&#243; el diagn&#243;stico de s&#237;ndrome de Muir-Torre &#40;SMT&#41;&#46; El paciente evolucion&#243; favorablemente&#44; sin signos de recidiva ni metast&#225;sis&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="103v94n01-13043604tab01.gif"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Fig&#46; 1&#46;--A&#58; sebaceoma en mejilla izquierda&#46; B&#58; lesi&#243;n papulosa amarillenta en cuello correspondiente a un adenoma seb&#225;ceo&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="103v94n01-13043604tab02.gif"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Fig&#46; 2&#46;--Imagen histol&#243;gica del sebaceoma&#58; n&#243;dulo polilobulado&#44; bien delimitado en dermis superficial&#44; con presencia de c&#233;lulas basaloides inmaduras y nidos centrales de c&#233;lulas seb&#225;ceas maduras sin atipia citol&#243;gica &#40;hematoxilina-eosina&#44; 40x&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="103v94n01-13043604tab03.gif"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Fig&#46; 3&#46;--Imagen histol&#243;gica del sebaceoma&#44; apreci&#225;ndose l&#243;bulos seb&#225;ceos&#44; de tama&#241;o irregular&#44; con predominio de c&#233;lulas seb&#225;ceas maduras incompletamente diferenciadas&#44; rodeadas de una capa de c&#233;lulas basaloides &#40;hematoxilina-eosina&#44; 40x&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Existe adem&#225;s una importante historia de c&#225;ncer familiar por v&#237;a paterna&#44; destacando padre&#44; un t&#237;o&#44; un primo y un sobrino fallecidos por neoplasias no filiadas&#44; dos primos fallecidos por carcinomas de colon y est&#243;mago y un primo en tratamiento por adenocarcinoma de colon&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> DISCUSI&#211;N</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">El adenoma seb&#225;ceo es el tumor m&#225;s frecuente en el SMT<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44; 7&#44; 15</span>&#59; se localiza fundamentalmente en el &#225;rea facial&#44; no metastatiza y no recidiva&#46; Aunque semejantes datos cl&#237;nicos aparecen tambi&#233;n descritos en la poblaci&#243;n normal&#44; hay que destacar el desarrollo de m&#250;ltiples adenomas en otras localizaciones&#44; no faciales&#44; en los pacientes afectados de SMT<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44; 16</span>&#46; El epitelioma seb&#225;ceo tiene un comportamiento benigno&#44; y aunque puede invadir localmente&#44; el riesgo de met&#225;stasis es m&#237;nimo<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44; 17&#44; 18</span>&#46; El carcinoma seb&#225;ceo&#44; originado a partir de las gl&#225;ndulas de Meibomio&#44; suele localizarse a nivel oculopalpebral&#44; siendo importante destacar su menor poder metastatizante frente a localizaciones extraoculares<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44; 19-22</span>&#46; Las hiperplasias seb&#225;ceas se asocian frecuentemente&#44; aunque no se consideran un marcador diagn&#243;stico&#46; Suelen aparecer en personas de edad avanzada&#44; pero no implican un aumento de la incidencia de neoplasias viscerales malignas<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44; 16&#44; 23</span>&#46; Los queratoacantomas aparecen descritos en un 20&#37; de los pacientes con SMT&#44; mostrando predilecci&#243;n por la edad media y localiz&#225;ndose en &#225;reas fotoexpuestas<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">En este amplio espectro de proliferaciones seb&#225;ceas presentes en el SMT se incluyen&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; el hamartoma qu&#237;stico foliculoseb&#225;ceo<span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44; 25</span>&#44; el epitelioma basocelular con diferenciaci&#243;n seb&#225;cea<span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span>&#44; el tricofoliculoma seb&#225;ceo<span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span> y el sebomatricoma&#44; nueva denominaci&#243;n establecida por S&#225;nchez Yus et al para un amplio grupo de lesiones cut&#225;neas benignas con diferenciaci&#243;n seb&#225;cea<span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span>&#46; No obstante&#44; ninguna de las clasificaciones existentes es enteramente satisfactoria&#44; agrup&#225;ndose algunas bajo la denominaci&#243;n gen&#233;rica de proliferaci&#243;n o lesi&#243;n seb&#225;cea<span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span>&#46; Otro hecho que dificulta el correcto diagn&#243;stico es la ausencia de correlaci&#243;n clinicohistol&#243;gica que frecuentemente se observa<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Algunos autores propusieron como origen de determinados tumores derivados del complejo piloseb&#225;ceo&#44; un fen&#243;meno paraneopl&#225;sico inducido por algunas prote&#237;nas espec&#237;ficas producidas por tumores viscerales<span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span>&#46; En la actualidad&#44; el an&#225;lisis gen&#233;tico molecular est&#225; esclareciendo algunos aspectos etiopatog&#233;nicos del SMT&#46; Se acepta como una variante del SCF o del &#171;c&#225;ncer colorrectal familiar no polip&#243;sico&#187; &#40;CCFNP&#41;&#44; pues un subgrupo es al&#233;lico con ambas entidades<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44; 31&#44; 32</span>&#46; Tanto en el SMT como en el CCFNP existe un error en la replicaci&#243;n gen&#243;mica conocido como inestabilidad microsat&#233;lite&#44; originada por mutaciones en la l&#237;nea germinal heterozigota en los genes encargados de la reparaci&#243;n del ADN&#46; Si adem&#225;s aparecen mutaciones som&#225;ticas adicionales en otros alelos&#44; se pierde la capacidad para la reparaci&#243;n y aparece una clara predisposici&#243;n al desarrollo de tumores en diferentes tejidos<span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#44; 33-35</span>&#46; Si los oncogenes y&#47;o genes supresores tambi&#233;n mutan&#44; se desarrolla la neoplasia<span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#44; 36</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">En el SMT las mutaciones se localizan fundamentalmente en la l&#237;nea germinal h MSH2&#44; y en alg&#250;n caso aislado en h MLH1&#44; mientras que en el CCFNP el trastorno gen&#233;tico afecta a ambos genes de forma similar y con menor frecuencia a las l&#237;neas germinales h PMS1 y h PMS2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">37-41</span>&#46; La raz&#243;n de la afectaci&#243;n predominante del epitelio col&#243;nico y de las gl&#225;ndulas seb&#225;ceas es un hecho a&#250;n no esclarecido<span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">En una reciente revisi&#243;n de la literatura se han descrito 205 casos de SMT con 399 neoplasias viscerales<span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span>&#46; El n&#250;mero de tumores viscerales diagnosticados en cada paciente es variable y oscilan entre 1 y 9&#44; aunque suelen ser &#250;nicos<span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span>&#46; La relaci&#243;n temporal entre la aparici&#243;n de las lesiones cut&#225;neas y el di&#225;gnostico del cuadro neopl&#225;sico visceral es variable&#46; El diagn&#243;stico de la neoplasia interna fue previa a la del tumor seb&#225;ceo en el 56&#37;&#44; posterior en el 22&#37; y simult&#225;neo en el 6&#37;&#46; En el 16&#37; de los casos publicados no se estableci&#243; una relaci&#243;n temporal<span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span>&#46; El dermat&#243;logo&#44; por tanto&#44; tiene un papel fundamental en el diagn&#243;stico precoz del MTS ya que la detecci&#243;n de un adenoma&#44; un epitelioma o un carcinoma seb&#225;ceo debe alertar sobre la posibilidad del desarrollo&#44; ya establecido o posterior&#44; de neoplasias viscerales&#46; Son caracter&#237;sticas asociadas al SMT una evoluci&#243;n lenta del proceso neopl&#225;sico sist&#233;mico&#44; una capacidad metastatizante menor que en pacientes oncol&#243;gicos no afectos de esta entidad y una larga supervivencia&#44; con una media de 12 a&#241;os a partir del diagn&#243;stico<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">El carcinoma colorrectal es el tumor asociado con mayor frecuencia &#40;aproximadamente el 60&#37; del total&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span>&#46; Presenta algunas particularidades&#44; tales como su inicio en edades tempranas y su localizaci&#243;n proximal al &#225;ngulo espl&#233;nico&#44; a diferencia de la poblaci&#243;n normal&#44; en la que el colon distal y el recto son los tramos m&#225;s com&#250;nmente afectos<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44; 42</span>&#46; El 28&#37; de los pacientes desarrollan&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; poliposis col&#243;nica&#44; asociaci&#243;n que constituye un marcador de riesgo para la aparici&#243;n de otras neoplasias digestivas<span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">En el 20&#37;-25&#37; de los casos aparecen tumores genitourinarios en todas sus localizaciones<span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span>&#46; Los &#243;rganos implicados con mayor frecuencia son &#250;tero&#44; ri&#241;&#243;n&#44; ovario y pr&#243;stata<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#46; Menos habitual es la presencia de carcinoma de mama y procesos hematol&#243;gicos&#44; como linfomas Hodgkin y no Hodgkin&#44; leucemia linf&#225;tica cr&#243;nica y policitemia vera<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44; 42&#44; 44</span>&#46; Excepcionalmente&#44; el SMT se desarrolla en el contexto de tumoraciones de cabeza&#44; cuello&#44; intestino delgado&#44; est&#243;mago y p&#225;ncreas&#44; o asociada a melanoma<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44; 45</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">La existencia de m&#250;ltiples familiares afectos de neoplasias internas en un paciente afecto de SMT es frecuente&#44; consider&#225;ndose &#233;ste una expresi&#243;n fenot&#237;pica m&#225;s completa del SCF&#46; Recientemente hemos diagnosticado en nuestro hospital otro SMT asociado a linfoma g&#225;strico no Hodgkin primario sin infiltraci&#243;n linfomatosa en otros &#243;rganos&#44; hecho clinicopatol&#243;gico de gran inter&#233;s&#44; pues es una asociaci&#243;n previamente no descrita&#44; coexistiendo adem&#225;s una significativa incidencia tumoral familiar<span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Es importante remarcar la conveniencia de la realizaci&#243;n de un estudio sist&#233;mico completo y un seguimiento posterior a todo paciente diagnosticado de una o varias tumoraciones cut&#225;neas de origen seb&#225;ceo dada su posible asociaci&#243;n a neoplasias viscerales internas&#46; Al tratarse de un cuadro gen&#233;tico debe estudiarse la mayor cantidad posible de familiares de pacientes afectos&#44; incluso asintom&#225;ticos&#44; ya que en ellos el riesgo de desarrollar neoplasias internas malignas es mayor que en el resto de la poblaci&#243;n&#46;</p>"
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            0 => "s&#237;ndrome de Muir-Torre&#44; tumores seb&#225;ceos&#44; neoplasia visceral&#44; adenocarcinoma de colon&#44; adenocarcinoma g&#225;strico&#44; s&#237;ndrome de c&#225;ncer familiar"
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        "resumen" => "El s&#237;ndrome de Muir-Torre es una genodermatosis caracterizada por la asociaci&#243;n de tumores cut&#225;neos derivados de las gl&#225;ndulas seb&#225;ceas y neoplasias viscerales&#44; destacando su car&#225;cter familiar&#44; multiplicidad&#44; lenta evoluci&#243;n y buen pron&#243;stico vital&#46; Presentamos el caso de un var&#243;n de 65 a&#241;os diagnosticado de adenocarcinoma de colon y adenocarcinoma g&#225;strico que desarroll&#243; dos sebaceomas&#44; un adenoma seb&#225;ceo y tres hiperplasias seb&#225;ceas&#46; En la familia existe&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; una marcada incidencia de neoplasias viscerales&#44; por lo que el cuadro puede encuadrarse como un s&#237;ndrome de Muir-Torre en el contexto de un s&#237;ndrome de c&#225;ncer familiar&#46; Realizamos una revisi&#243;n de la literatura&#44; destacando las caracter&#237;sticas clinicopatol&#243;gicas m&#225;s importantes de esta entidad&#46;"
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        "resumen" => "Muir-Torre syndrome is a rare genodermatosis characterized by the association of sebaceous gland tumors&#44; and visceral neoplasms&#46; Several features&#44; such as familial inheritance&#44; multiplicity of lesions&#44; slow progresion and favourable life prognosis are typical of this entity&#46; We report a case of a 65 year old man&#44; diagnosed of colon and gastric adenocarcinoma&#44; who developed two sebaceomas&#44; one sebaceous adenoma&#44; and three sebaceous hyperplasias&#46; In addition&#44; there was a high incidence of internal malignancies in his family&#46; We review the literature regarding the most significant clinicopathologic features of this entity&#46;"
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 00017310
Idioma original: Español
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2012 Septiembre 33 3 36
2012 Agosto 6 0 6
2011 Mayo 11 0 11
2011 Abril 3 0 3
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2011 Febrero 46 0 46
2011 Enero 11 0 11
2010 Diciembre 3 0 3
2010 Noviembre 5 0 5
2010 Octubre 2 0 2
2010 Septiembre 7 0 7
2010 Agosto 1 0 1
2010 Julio 4 0 4
2010 Junio 11 0 11
2010 Mayo 49 0 49
2010 Abril 15 0 15
2010 Marzo 6 0 6
2010 Febrero 5 0 5
2010 Enero 5 0 5
2009 Diciembre 13 0 13
2009 Noviembre 6 0 6
2009 Octubre 13 0 13
2009 Septiembre 18 0 18
2009 Agosto 28 0 28
2009 Julio 15 0 15
2009 Junio 11 0 11
2009 Mayo 12 0 12
2009 Abril 5 0 5
2009 Marzo 2 0 2
2009 Febrero 1 0 1
2009 Enero 5 0 5
2008 Diciembre 1 0 1
2008 Noviembre 2 0 2
2008 Octubre 3 0 3
2008 Septiembre 6 0 6
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2008 Julio 9 0 9
2008 Junio 1 0 1
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2008 Marzo 5 0 5
2008 Febrero 7 0 7
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