Emergence of Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton tonsurans as Causative Organisms of Tinea Capitis in the Dominican Republic

Arenas, R.; Torres, E.; Amaya, M.; Rivera, E.R.; Espinal, A.; Polanco, M.; Fernández, R.; Isa-Isa, R.

doi:10.1016/S1578-2190(10)70643-0

Información del artículo

Resumen

Bibliografía

Descargar PDF

Estadísticas

Abstract

Background

Tinea capitis affects mainly children. The frequency and causative organism vary from region to region.

Objectives

To provide epidemiological and mycological data on tinea capitis collected in urban and rural areas of the Dominican Republic.

Methods

Samples were obtained from 118 patients with tinea capitis. Sixty-three of these were from 2 schools in urban areas of the Dominican capital Santo Domingo (53%) and 55 were from rural schools on the border with Haiti (47%).

Results

The study included 84 boys (71.18%) and 34 girls (28.81%). The urban sample comprised mainly boys (84.12%). The most represented age ranges were 6 to 8 years (47.45%), 3 to 5 years (24.59%), and 9 to 11 years (16.94%). Microsporum audouinii (39.68%), Trichophyton tonsurans (23.80%), Microsporum canis (19.04%), and Trichophyton violaceum (1.58%) were isolated from children in urban areas, whereas T. tonsurans (87%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (2%) were isolated from those in rural areas. Overall, T. tonsurans (61.16%), M. audouinii (24.27%), and M canis (11.65%) were the most frequently isolated causative organisms, whereas T. violaceum and T. mentagrophytes were rarely reported.

Conclusions

In urban areas of the Dominican Republic, tinea capitis was found mainly in boys, but in rural areas it was evenly distributed among boys and girls. The emergence of M. audouinii and an increase in T. tonsurans were found while M. canis continued to be present at lower frequencies. On the rural border with Haiti, there was a significant predominance of T. tonsurans.

Keywords:

Tinea capitis

Microsporum audouinii

Microsporum canis

Trichophyton tonsurans

Resumen

Antecedentes

Las tiñas de la cabeza predominan en los niños, con una frecuencia y etiología variables en diferentes partes del mundo.

Objetivos

Comunicar los datos epidemiológicos y micológicos de tiña del cuero cabelludo observados en la zona urbana y rural de la República Dominicana.

Metodología

Se estudiaron 118 muestras de pacientes con diagnóstico de tiña de la cabeza en la República Dominicana, 63 de dos escuelas urbanas en la capital Santo Domingo (53%) y 55 de escuelas rurales en la frontera dominico-haitiana (47%).

Resultados

Se estudiaron 84 varones (71,18%) y 34 mujeres (28,81%). En la zona urbana predominó en los varones (84,12%). La edad con mayores porcentajes fue entre 6 y 8 años (47,45%), de 3 y 5 años (24,59%) y 9 y 11 años (16,94%). En la zona urbana se aislaron M. audouinii (39,68%), T. tonsurans (23,80%), M. canis (19,04%) y T. violaceum (1,58%) y en la zona rural T. tonsurans (87%) y T. mentagrophytes (2%) y globalmente T. tonsurans (61,16%), M. audouinii (24,27%) y M. canis (11,65%) y rara vez T. violaceum y T. mentagrophytes.

Conclusiones

En la República Dominicana, en la zona urbana, la tiña de la cabeza predomina en los varones y en la zona rural tiene una frecuencia similar en ambos sexos. Se detectó una emergencia por M. audouinii, un incremento de Trichophyton tonsurans, y una estabilidad con frecuencia más baja de M. canis. En la zona rural y la frontera con Haití hay un predominio significativo de T. tonsurans.

Palabras clave:

Tina del cuero cabelludo

Microsporum audouinii

M. canis

Trichophyton tonsurans

El Texto completo está disponible en PDF

References

[1.]

B. Havlickova, V.A. Czaika, M. Friedrich.

Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide.

Mycoses, 51 (2008), pp. 2-15

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x | Medline

[2.]

R. Arenas.

Dermatofitosis en México.

Rev Iberoam Micol, 19 (2002), pp. 63-67

Medline

[3.]

N. Rebollo, A. López Bárcenas, R. Arenas.

Tiña de la cabeza.

Actas Dermosifilogr, 99 (2008), pp. 91-100

[4.]

R. Arenas, A. Bonifaz, M.C. Padilla, G. Chavez, R. Estrada, R. López Martínez, et al.

Primer Consenso de Micosis Superficiales.

Dermatol Rev Mex, 43 (1999), pp. 80-88

[5.]

R. Isa-Isa, A. Reyes, A.C. Cruz, L. Bencosme.

Tinea capitis. Características clínicas y epidemiológicas. IDCP enero-mayo 1996.

Rev Dom Dermatol, 25 (1998), pp. 27-30

[6.]

R. Arenas.

Micología médica ilustrada.

3rd ed., Interamericana McGraw-Hill, (2008),

[7.]

C. Seebacher, J.P. Bouchara, B. Mignon.

Updates on the epidemiology of dermatophyte infections.

Mycopathologia, 166 (2008), pp. 335-352

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-008-9100-9 | Medline

[8.]

G. Ginter-Hanselmayer, W. Weger, M. Ilkit, J. Smolle.

Epidemiology of tinea capitis in Europe: current state and changing patterns.

Mycoses, 50 (2007), pp. 6-13

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01424.x | Medline

[9.]

V. Panasiti, V. Devirgiliis, R.G. Borroni, M. Mancini, M. Curzio, M. Rossi, et al.

Epidemiology of dermatophytic infections in Rome, Italy: a retrospective study from 2002 to 2004.

Med Mycol, 45 (2007), pp. 57-60

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13693780601028683 | Medline

[10.]

A.C. Ngwogu, T.V. Otokunefor.

Epidemiology of dermatophytoses in a rural community in Eastern Nigeria and review of literature from Africa.

Mycopathologia, 164 (2007), pp. 149-158

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-007-9038-3 | Medline

[11.]

G.M. Ayanbimpe, H. Taghir, A. Diya, S. Wapwera.

Tinea capitis among primary school children in some parts of central Nigeria.

Mycoses, 51 (2008), pp. 336-340

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01476.x | Medline

[12.]

M.M. Sidat, D. Correia, T.P. Buene.

Tinea capitis among children at one suburban primary school in the City of Maputo, Mozambique.

Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 40 (2007), pp. 473-475

Medline

[13.]

M.M. Sidat, D. Correia, T.P. Buene.

Tinea capitis among rural school children of the district of Magude, in Maputo province, Mozambique.

Mycoses, 49 (2006), pp. 480-483

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2006.01290.x | Medline

[14.]

J. Dunand, C. De Bievre de, M.A. Rouffaud.

Intéret de la RAPDPCR dans l’identification des dermatophytes du genre Microsporum.

J Mycol Med, 9 (1999), pp. 191-196

[15.]

A. Kaszubiak, S. Klein, G.S. de Hoog, Y. Gräser.

Population structure and evolutionary origins of Microsporum canis, M. ferrugineum and M. audouinii.

Infect Genet Evol, 4 (2004), pp. 179-186

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2003.12.004 | Medline

[16.]

Y. Greiser, A.F.A. Kuijpers, M. Elfari, W. Presber, G.S. De Hoog.

Molecular and conventional taxonomy of the Microsporum canis complex.

Medical Mycol, 38 (2000), pp. 143-1143

[17.]

R.J. Hay, W. Robles, G. Midgley, M.K. Moore.

European Confederation of Medical Mycology Working Party on Tinea Capitis. Tinea capitis in Europe: new perspective on an old problem.

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 15 (2001), pp. 229-233

Medline

[18.]

A. East-Innis, L. Rainford, P. Dunwell, D. Barrett-Robinson, A.M. Nicholson.

The changing pattern of Tinea capitis in Jamaica.

West Indian Med J, 55 (2006), pp. 85-88

Medline

[19.]

M.E. McPherson, A.J. Woodgyer, K. Simpson, A.H. Chong.

High prevalence of tinea capitis in newly arrived migrants at an English-language school, Melbourne, 2005.

Med J Aust, 189 (2008), pp. 13-16

Medline

[20.]

A.K. Gupta, R.C. Summerbell.

Tinea capitis.

Med Mycol, 38 (2000), pp. 255-287

Medline

[21.]

B.E. Elewski.

Tinea capitis: a current perspective.

J Am Acad Dermatol., 42 (2000), pp. 1-20

Medline

[22.]

A.K. Gupta, R.C. Summerbell.

Increased incidence of Trichophyton tonsurans tinea capitis in Ontario, Canada between 1985 and 1996.

Med Mycol, 36 (1998), pp. 55-60

Medline

[23.]

M.C. Rubio, A. Rezusta, J. Gil Tomás, R.B. Ruesca.

Mycological view of dermatophytes in humans.

Rev Iberoam Micol, 16 (1999), pp. 16-22

Medline

[24.]

Y. Gilaberte, A. Rezusta, J. Gil, M.C. Sáenz-Santamaría, C. Coscojuela, M. Navarro, et al.

Tinea capitis in infants in their first year of life.

Br J Dermatol, 151 (2004), pp. 886-890

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06112.x | Medline

[25.]

C. Rubio-Calvo, J. Gil-Tomas, A. Rezusta-López, R. Benito-Ruesca.

The aetiological agents of tinea capitis in Zaragoza (Spain).

Mycoses, 44 (2001), pp. 55-58

Medline

[26.]

M.S. Cuétara, A. del Palacio, M. Pereiro, E. Amor, C. Álvarez, A.R. Noriega.

Prevalence of undetected tinea capitis in a school survey in Spain.

Mycoses, 40 (1997), pp. 131-137

Medline

[27.]

A.M. Nawaf, A. Joshi, A. Zaki, O. Nour-Eldin, M. Al-Sheltawy, I. El- Adawy, et al.

Tinea capitis among children and adolescents in the Farwaniya region of Kuwait.

J Dermatol, 30 (2003), pp. 904-909

Medline

[28.]

J. Yu, Z. Wan, W. Chen, W. Wang, R. Li.

Molecular Typing of the Microsporum canis isolated from an outbreak of tinea capitis in a school.

Mycopathologia, 157 (2004), pp. 37-41

Medline

[29.]

B.N. Jha, V.K. Garg, S. Agrawal, B. Khanal, A. Agarwalla.

Tinea capitis in eastern Nepal.

Int J Dermatol, 45 (2006), pp. 100-102

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02343.x | Medline

[30.]

C.P. Raccurt, D. Dorsainvil, M. Boncy, J. Boncy, G. Auguste.

The emergence of Trichophyton tonsurans in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

Med Mycol, 47 (2009), pp. 197-200

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13693780802192676 | Medline

Indexada en:

Síguenos:

Indexada en:

Síguenos:

Suscríbase a la newsletter