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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background and objectives</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous fungal infections are a major public health problem&#46; The distribution of the dermatophytoses varies between countries and geographical areas&#46; The aim of this study was to determine the incidence&#44; epidemiology&#44; etiology&#44; and clinical course of the dermatophytoses caused by anthropophilic fungi in Cadiz&#44; Spain&#44; over the past 12 years&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study&#44; conducted between 1997 and 2008&#44; included 2235 samples from lesions of the skin&#44; hair&#44; and nails of 2220 patients with a clinical suspicion of mycosis&#46; Samples were examined by microscopy using potassium hydroxide and were cultured on mycological media&#46; The dermatophytes were identified by their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cultures were positive in 283 cases &#40;12&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#46; Anthropophilic dermatophytes &#40;53&#46;3&#37;&#41; were more common than zoophilic &#40;41&#46;3&#37;&#41; and geophilic &#40;5&#46;3&#37;&#41; dermatophytes&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton rubrum</span> &#40;38&#46;2&#37;&#41; was the predominant pathogen isolated&#44; followed by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Microsporum canis</span> &#40;22&#46;3&#37;&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton mentagrophytes</span> &#40;15&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Five other species of anthropophilic fungi were identified&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton tonsurans</span> &#40;5&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton violaceum</span> &#40;4&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epidermophyton floccosum</span> &#40;2&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton soudanense</span> &#40;1&#46;0&#37;&#41;&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton schoenleinii</span> &#40;0&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#46; Infections caused by the anthropophilic fungi included tinea unguium &#40;29&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; tinea corporis &#40;25&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; tinea pedis &#40;19&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; tinea cruris &#40;11&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; tinea capitis &#40;5&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; and tinea faciei &#40;3&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The principal fungus responsible for dermatomycosis in Cadiz was <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; rubrum&#44;</span> and its incidence has been rising since 2000&#46; The prevalence of other anthropophilic fungi&#44; such as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; tonsurans</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; violaceum</span>&#44; has increased&#44; though this is not directly related to immigration&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; floccosum</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; soudanense</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; schoenleinii</span> are isolated occasionally&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n y objetivos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las infecciones cut&#225;neas producidas por hongos constituyen un importante problema de salud p&#250;blica&#46; La distribuci&#243;n de las dermatofitosis var&#237;a en diferentes pa&#237;ses y &#225;reas geogr&#225;ficas&#46; El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar la epidemiolog&#237;a&#44; etiolog&#237;a y evoluci&#243;n de las dermatofitosis por hongos antropof&#237;licos en C&#225;diz durante los &#250;ltimos 12 a&#241;os&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio se realiz&#243; de 1997-2008 sobre 2&#46;235 muestras de lesiones de piel&#44; pelo y u&#241;as de 2&#46;220 pacientes con sospecha cl&#237;nica de micosis&#46; Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante examen microsc&#243;pico con hidr&#243;xido pot&#225;sico y cultivo en medios micol&#243;gicos&#46; Los dermatofitos se identificaron de acuerdo con las caracter&#237;sticas macrosc&#243;picas y microsc&#243;picas&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El cultivo fue positivo en 283 muestras &#40;12&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#46; Los dermatofitos antropof&#237;licos &#40;53&#44;3&#37;&#41; predominaron sobre los zoof&#237;licos &#40;41&#44;3&#37;&#41; y geof&#237;licos &#40;5&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton rubrum</span> &#40;38&#44;2&#37;&#41; fue el pat&#243;geno m&#225;s frecuente&#44; seguido de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Microsporum canis</span> &#40;22&#44;3&#37;&#41; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton mentagrophytes</span> &#40;15&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Se identificaron otras cinco especies de hongos antropof&#237;licos&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; tonsurans</span> &#40;5&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; violaceum</span> &#40;4&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epidermophyton floccosum</span> &#40;2&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; soudanense</span> &#40;1&#44;0&#37;&#41; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; schoenleinii</span> &#40;0&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#46; Las infecciones por hongos antropof&#237;licos fueron onicomicosis &#40;29&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#44; ti&#241;a corporal &#40;25&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; ti&#241;a del pie &#40;19&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; ti&#241;a crural &#40;11&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; ti&#241;a del cuero cabelludo &#40;5&#44;3&#37;&#41; y ti&#241;a facial &#40;3&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El principal responsable de dermatofitosis en C&#225;diz es <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichophyton rubrum</span>&#46; Su incidencia es ascendente desde el a&#241;o 2000&#46; Otros hongos antropof&#237;licos como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; tonsurans</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; violaceum</span> son cada vez m&#225;s prevalentes&#44; aunque no est&#225;n directamente relacionados con la inmigraci&#243;n&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epidermophyton floccosum</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; soudanense</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; schoenleinii</span> se a&#237;slan ocasionalmente&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 101. Núm. 3.
Páginas 242-247 (abril 2010)
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Vol. 101. Núm. 3.
Páginas 242-247 (abril 2010)
Original Article
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Dermatophytoses Due to Anthropophilic Fungi in Cadiz, Spain, Between 1997 and 2008
Dermatofitosis por hongos antropofílicos en Cádiz (1997-2008)
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P. García-Martosa,
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pigiem1983@yahoo.com.ar

Corresponding author.
, L. García-Agudob, E. Agudo-Pérezc, F. Gil de Solaa, M. Linaresd
a Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
b Distrito de Atención Primaria Sierra de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
c Unidad de Enfermería, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
d Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
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Abstract
Background and objectives

Cutaneous fungal infections are a major public health problem. The distribution of the dermatophytoses varies between countries and geographical areas. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, epidemiology, etiology, and clinical course of the dermatophytoses caused by anthropophilic fungi in Cadiz, Spain, over the past 12 years.

Material and methods

The study, conducted between 1997 and 2008, included 2235 samples from lesions of the skin, hair, and nails of 2220 patients with a clinical suspicion of mycosis. Samples were examined by microscopy using potassium hydroxide and were cultured on mycological media. The dermatophytes were identified by their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.

Results

Cultures were positive in 283 cases (12.7%). Anthropophilic dermatophytes (53.3%) were more common than zoophilic (41.3%) and geophilic (5.3%) dermatophytes. Trichophyton rubrum (38.2%) was the predominant pathogen isolated, followed by Microsporum canis (22.3%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (15.5%). Five other species of anthropophilic fungi were identified: Trichophyton tonsurans (5.6%), Trichophyton violaceum (4.9%), Epidermophyton floccosum (2.8%), Trichophyton soudanense (1.0%), and Trichophyton schoenleinii (0.7%). Infections caused by the anthropophilic fungi included tinea unguium (29.1%), tinea corporis (25.8%), tinea pedis (19.2%), tinea cruris (11.9%), tinea capitis (5.3%), and tinea faciei (3.3%).

Conclusions

The principal fungus responsible for dermatomycosis in Cadiz was T. rubrum, and its incidence has been rising since 2000. The prevalence of other anthropophilic fungi, such as T. tonsurans and T. violaceum, has increased, though this is not directly related to immigration. E. floccosum, T. soudanense, and T. schoenleinii are isolated occasionally.

Keywords:
Mycosis
Dermatophytosis
Trichophyton rubrum
Trichophyton violaceum
Trichophyton tonsurans
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Las infecciones cutáneas producidas por hongos constituyen un importante problema de salud pública. La distribución de las dermatofitosis varía en diferentes países y áreas geográficas. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar la epidemiología, etiología y evolución de las dermatofitosis por hongos antropofílicos en Cádiz durante los últimos 12 años.

Material y métodos

El estudio se realizó de 1997-2008 sobre 2.235 muestras de lesiones de piel, pelo y uñas de 2.220 pacientes con sospecha clínica de micosis. Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante examen microscópico con hidróxido potásico y cultivo en medios micológicos. Los dermatofitos se identificaron de acuerdo con las características macroscópicas y microscópicas.

Resultados

El cultivo fue positivo en 283 muestras (12,7%). Los dermatofitos antropofílicos (53,3%) predominaron sobre los zoofílicos (41,3%) y geofílicos (5,3%). Trichophyton rubrum (38,2%) fue el patógeno más frecuente, seguido de Microsporum canis (22,3%) y Trichophyton mentagrophytes (15,5%). Se identificaron otras cinco especies de hongos antropofílicos: T. tonsurans (5,6%), T. violaceum (4,9%), Epidermophyton floccosum (2,8%), T. soudanense (1,0%) y T. schoenleinii (0,7%). Las infecciones por hongos antropofílicos fueron onicomicosis (29,1%), tiña corporal (25,8%), tiña del pie (19,2%), tiña crural (11,9%), tiña del cuero cabelludo (5,3%) y tiña facial (3,3%).

Conclusiones

El principal responsable de dermatofitosis en Cádiz es Trichophyton rubrum. Su incidencia es ascendente desde el año 2000. Otros hongos antropofílicos como T. tonsurans y T. violaceum son cada vez más prevalentes, aunque no están directamente relacionados con la inmigración. Epidermophyton floccosum, T. soudanense y T. schoenleinii se aíslan ocasionalmente.

Palabras clave:
Micosis
Dermatofitosis
Trichophyton rubrum
Trichophyton violaceum
Trichophyton tonsurans
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