array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1578219009701040"
  "issn" => "15782190"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S1578-2190(09)70104-0"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-08-01"
  "aid" => "70104"
  "copyright" => "Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología and Elsevier España, S.L."
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2009"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2009;100:476-85"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2285
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 33
      "HTML" => 1606
      "PDF" => 646
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1578219009701052"
    "issn" => "15782190"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1578-2190(09)70105-2"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-08-01"
    "aid" => "70105"
    "copyright" => "Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología and Elsevier España, S.L."
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2009;100:486-92"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2268
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 32
        "HTML" => 1522
        "PDF" => 714
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Sentinel Node Biopsy as a Prognostic Factor in Cutaneous Melanoma"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "486"
          "paginaFinal" => "492"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Biopsia del Ganglio Centinela como Factor Pron&#243;stico en el Melanoma Cut&#225;neo"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46;A&#46; Avil&#233;s-Izquierdo, P&#46; L&#225;zaro-Ochaita"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Avil&#233;s-Izquierdo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "L&#225;zaro-Ochaita"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219009701052?idApp=UINPBA000044"
    "url" => "/15782190/0000010000000006/v1_201304241459/S1578219009701052/v1_201304241459/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1578219009701039"
    "issn" => "15782190"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1578-2190(09)70103-9"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-08-01"
    "aid" => "70103"
    "copyright" => "Academia Espa&#241;ola de Dermatolog&#237;a y Venereolog&#237;a and Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2009;100:472-5"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2424
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 32
        "HTML" => 1593
        "PDF" => 799
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">History of dermatology</span>"
      "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">On Social Prophylaxis of Venereal Diseases</span> by Doctors Bravo&#44; Covisa&#44; S&#225;inz De Aja&#44; and Villarejo"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "472"
          "paginaFinal" => "475"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "&#171; Defensa Social Contra las Enfermedades Ven&#233;reas&#187;&#44; por Los Dres&#46; Bravo&#44; Covisa&#44; S&#225;inz de Aja y Villarejo"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "R&#46;M&#46; D&#237;az-D&#237;az"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "D&#237;az-D&#237;az"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219009701039?idApp=UINPBA000044"
    "url" => "/15782190/0000010000000006/v1_201304241459/S1578219009701039/v1_201304241459/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original articles</span>"
    "titulo" => "Clinical-Pathological Features of Cutaneous Melanomas Diagnosed in a Mediterranean Tertiary Hospital Between 1990 and 2004&#58; A Comparison Between Sexes and Age Groups and Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "476"
        "paginaFinal" => "485"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "D&#46;M&#46; Arranz-S&#225;nchez, &#193;&#46; Pizarro, J&#46;L&#46; Valencia-Delfa, M&#46; Villeta-L&#243;pez, M&#46;J&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Beato, M&#46; Mayor-Arenal, M&#46; Casado-Jim&#233;nez"
        "autores" => array:7 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "D&#46;M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Arranz-S&#225;nchez"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "dulcem&#46;arranz&#64;salud&#46;madrid&#46;org"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "&#193;&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Pizarro"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff2"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;L&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Valencia-Delfa"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff3"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Villeta-L&#243;pez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff3"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Gonz&#225;lez-Beato"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff4"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Mayor-Arenal"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff2"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Casado-Jim&#233;nez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff2"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Dermatolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Infanta Sof&#237;a&#44; San Sebasti&#225;n de los Reyes&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff1"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Universitario La Paz&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff2"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Escuela Universitaria de Estad&#237;stica&#44; Universidad Complutense de Madrid&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff3"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Anatom&#237;a Patol&#243;gica&#44; Hospital Universitario La Paz&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff4"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Correspondence&#58; Unidad de Dermatolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Infanta Sof&#237;a&#44; Paseo de Europa&#44; 34&#44; 28702 San Sebasti&#225;n de los Reyes&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Caracter&#237;sticas Cl&#237;nico-Patol&#243;gicas de los Melanomas Cut&#225;neos Diagnosticados en un Hospital Terciario Mediterr&#225;neo Entre 1990 y 2004&#58; Comparaci&#243;n Entre Sexos&#44; por Grupos de Edad y Evoluci&#243;n a lo Largo del Tiempo"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaAceptado" => "2008-10-29"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec84500"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "melanoma"
            1 => "epidemiology"
            2 => "early diagnosis"
            3 => "Spain"
            4 => "Mediterranean population"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec84499"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "melanoma"
            1 => "epidemiolog&#237;a"
            2 => "diagn&#243;stico precoz"
            3 => "Espa&#241;a"
            4 => "poblaci&#243;n mediterr&#225;nea"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The incidence of malignant melanoma has increased over recent decades&#46; Early diagnosis continues to be essential for effective treatment&#46; Our objective was to analyze cutaneous malignant melanomas diagnosed over a 15-year period in a tertiary hospital for trends towards earlier diagnosis and to identify subgroups with poorer prognosis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective analysis of primary cutaneous melanomas analyzed in the pathology department of Hospital La Paz&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain&#44; between 1990 and 2004&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In total&#44; 526 melanomas were diagnosed&#46; The mean &#40;SD&#41; Breslow thickness was 2&#46;63 &#40;4&#46;84&#41; mm and the median thickness was 0&#46;98 mm &#40;range&#44; 0-65 mm&#41;&#46; The mean size &#40;widest point&#41; was 16&#46;59 &#40;12&#46;11&#41; mm&#46; The most common histological type was surface-spreading melanoma and the most common site was the trunk&#46; Melanomas detected in men were generally larger and thicker than in women &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;05&#41;&#46; Individuals aged over 60 years consulted for significantly thicker and larger tumors than younger individuals&#46; The incidence of malignant melanomas has increased steadily over the years whereas the mean Breslow thickness and size have decreased&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagnosis of melanoma in Spain is made increasingly earlier&#44; although locally advanced tumors are still sometimes seen in men and in individuals aged over 60 years&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En las &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas est&#225; aumentando la incidencia de melanoma maligno &#40;MM&#41; y el diagn&#243;stico precoz sigue siendo esencial para conseguir su curaci&#243;n&#46; Nuestro objetivo fue analizar los MM cut&#225;neos diagnosticados durante 15 a&#241;os en un hospital terciario para comprobar si existe una tendencia favorable hacia un diagn&#243;stico cada vez m&#225;s precoz e intentar identificar grupos de poblaci&#243;n con MM de peor pron&#243;stico&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis retrospectivo de los melanomas cut&#225;neos primarios analizados en el Departamento de Anatom&#237;a Patol&#243;gica del Hospital La Paz entre 1990 y 2004&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se diagnosticaron en total 526 melanomas&#46; El espesor medio de Breslow fue de 2&#44;63 mm &#40;desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar &#91;DE&#93; 4&#44;84&#41; y la mediana de 0&#44;98 mm &#40;0-65 mm&#41;&#59; el tama&#241;o medio &#40;di&#225;metro mayor&#41; fue de 16&#44;59 mm &#40;DE 12&#44;11&#41;&#59; el tipo histol&#243;gico m&#225;s frecuente fue el melanoma de extensi&#243;n superficial y la localizaci&#243;n m&#225;s habitual el tronco&#46; Los melanomas detectados en varones tendieron a ser m&#225;s grandes y de mayor espesor &#40;p &#61;0&#44;05&#41; que los de las mujeres&#46; Los mayores de 60 a&#241;os consultaron con tumores significativamente m&#225;s gruesos y de mayor di&#225;metro que los pacientes m&#225;s j&#243;venes&#46; A lo largo de estos a&#241;os&#44; ha aumentado progresivamente el n&#250;mero de MM&#44; pero han disminuido el Breslow medio y el tama&#241;o&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El diagn&#243;stico del melanoma en nuestro medio es cada vez m&#225;s precoz&#44; pero los varones y los mayores de 60 a&#241;os en ocasiones a&#250;n consultan con tumores localmente avanzados&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:33 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Epidemiology of melanoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Marks"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "459"
                        "paginaFinal" => "463"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11044179"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cutaneous melanoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;F&#46; Thompson"
                            1 => "R&#46;A&#46; Scolyer"
                            2 => "R&#46;F&#46; Kefford"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17951-3"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "365"
                        "paginaInicial" => "687"
                        "paginaFinal" => "701"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15721476"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Management of cutaneous melanoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Tsao"
                            1 => "M&#46;B&#46; Atkins"
                            2 => "A&#46;J&#46; Sober"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMra041245"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "351"
                        "paginaInicial" => "998"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1012"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15342808"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Recent declines in world wide mortality from cutaneous melanoma in youth and middle age"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; La Vecchia"
                            1 => "F&#46; Lucchini"
                            2 => "E&#46; Negri"
                            3 => "F&#46; Levi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "81"
                        "paginaInicial" => "62"
                        "paginaFinal" => "66"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10077154"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Changing epidemiology of malignant cutaneous melanoma in Europe 1953-1997&#58; rising trends in incidence and mortality but recent stabilizations in western Europe and decreases in Scandinavia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "E&#46; De Vries"
                            1 => "F&#46;I&#46; Bray"
                            2 => "J&#46;W&#46; Coebergh"
                            3 => "D&#46;M&#46; Parkin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/ijc.11360"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "107"
                        "paginaInicial" => "119"
                        "paginaFinal" => "126"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12925966"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Epidemiolog&#237;a del melanoma en Espa&#241;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Saenz"
                            1 => "J&#46; Conejo-Mir"
                            2 => "A&#46; Cayuela"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "411"
                        "paginaFinal" => "418"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16476268"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Has mortality from malignant melanoma stopped rising in Spain&#63; Analysis of trends between 1975 and 2001"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Cayuela"
                            1 => "S&#46; Rodr&#237;guez-Dom&#237;nguez"
                            2 => "J&#46; Lapetra-Peralta"
                            3 => "J&#46;S&#46; Conejo-Mir"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06517.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "152"
                        "paginaInicial" => "997"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1000"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15888159"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Final version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous melanoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;M&#46; Balch"
                            1 => "A&#46;C&#46; Buzaid"
                            2 => "S&#46;J&#46; Soong"
                            3 => "M&#46;B&#46; Atkins"
                            4 => "N&#46; Cascinelli"
                            5 => "D&#46;G&#46; Coid"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1200/jco.2001.19.16.3635"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3635"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3648"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11504745"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Innovations and challenges in melanoma&#58; summary statement from the first Cambridge conference"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;B&#46; Atkins"
                            1 => "D&#46;E&#46; Elder"
                            2 => "R&#46; Essner"
                            3 => "K&#46;T&#46; Flaherty"
                            4 => "T&#46;F&#46; Gajewski"
                            5 => "F&#46;G&#46; Haluska"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Cancer Res"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "numero" => "Suppl"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2291S"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2296S"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16764045"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cutaneous melanoma&#8211;past&#44; present&#44; and future"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;V&#46; Schaffer"
                            1 => "D&#46;S&#46; Rigel"
                            2 => "A&#46;W&#46; Kopf"
                            3 => "J&#46;L&#46; Bolognia"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaad.2004.01.030"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "numero" => "Suppl"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S65"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S69"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15243517"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Epidemiolog&#237;a y supervivencia del melanoma cut&#225;neo en Espa&#241;a&#58; estudio de 552 casos &#40;1994-2003&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Avil&#233;s"
                            1 => "P&#46; L&#225;zaro"
                            2 => "M&#46; Lecona"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "206"
                        "paginaInicial" => "319"
                        "paginaFinal" => "325"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16831378"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y epidemiol&#243;gicas del melanoma cut&#225;neo en adultos j&#243;venes menores de 30 a&#241;os en el &#225;rea sanitaria Virgen Macarena de Sevilla"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "I&#46; Garc&#237;a Morales"
                            1 => "A&#46; P&#233;rez Gil"
                            2 => "A&#46; Herrera"
                            3 => "F&#46;M&#46; Camacho"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Cutan Iber Lat Am"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "243"
                        "paginaFinal" => "248"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinicopathological analysis of1571 cutaneous malignant melanomas in Valencia&#44; Spain&#58; factors related to tumour thickness"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Nagore"
                            1 => "V&#46; Oliver"
                            2 => "R&#46; Botella-Estrada"
                            3 => "S&#46; Moreno-Picot"
                            4 => "C&#46; Guill&#233;n"
                            5 => "J&#46;M&#46; Fortea"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.2340/00015555-0004"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Derm Venereol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "86"
                        "paginaInicial" => "50"
                        "paginaFinal" => "56"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16585990"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evoluci&#243;n del melanoma maligno cut&#225;neo en los &#250;ltimos 19 a&#241;os en un hospital terciario de la cuenca mediterr&#225;nea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Marcoval"
                            1 => "A&#46; Moreno"
                            2 => "A&#46; Torras"
                            3 => "E&#46; Baumann"
                            4 => "J&#46; Graells"
                            5 => "M&#46;I&#46; Gallego"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "99"
                        "paginaInicial" => "464"
                        "paginaFinal" => "468"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18558054"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#191;Han cambiado nuestros melanomas&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Buend&#237;a Eisman"
                            1 => "R&#46;M&#46; Ortega del Olmo"
                            2 => "S&#46; Serrano Ortega"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "88"
                        "paginaInicial" => "13"
                        "paginaFinal" => "17"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Population-based study of cutaneous malignant melanoma in the Granada province &#40;Spain&#41;&#44; 1985-1992"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Oca&#241;a-Riola"
                            1 => "C&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Garcia"
                            2 => "S&#46; Serrano"
                            3 => "A&#46; Buend&#237;a-Eisman"
                            4 => "C&#46; Ruiz-Baena"
                            5 => "J&#46; Canela-Soler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "169"
                        "paginaFinal" => "174"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11599692"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estudio comparativo de los pacientes con melanoma en el Hospital de Cruces entre las d&#233;cadas1977-86 y 1987-96"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Gardeazabal"
                            1 => "J&#46; Regalado"
                            2 => "F&#46; Fern&#225;ndez Samaniego"
                            3 => "J&#46; Pijoan"
                            4 => "F&#46;J&#46; Gabilondo"
                            5 => "J&#46;L&#46; D&#237;az"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Cutan Iber Lat Am"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "236"
                        "paginaFinal" => "240"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prognostic signs inmelanoma&#58; state of the art"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Lomuto"
                            1 => "P&#46; Calabrese"
                            2 => "A&#46; Giuliani"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.00895.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "291"
                        "paginaFinal" => "300"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15096138"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trends in the presentation of cutaneous malignant melanoma over three decades at King&#39;s College Hospital&#44; London"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "K&#46;E&#46; Harman"
                            1 => "L&#46;C&#46; Fuller"
                            2 => "J&#46;R&#46; Salisbury"
                            3 => "E&#46;M&#46; Higgins"
                            4 => "A&#46;W&#46; du Vivier"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2230.2004.01620.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "563"
                        "paginaFinal" => "566"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15347357"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Thick melanoma&#58; the challenge persists"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46;S&#46; Murray"
                            1 => "D&#46;L&#46; Stockton"
                            2 => "V&#46;R&#46; Doherty"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06409.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "152"
                        "paginaInicial" => "104"
                        "paginaFinal" => "109"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15656809"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Academia Espa&#241;ola de Dermatolog&#237;a y Venereolog&#237;a&#46; Registro Nacional de melanoma cut&#225;neo&#46; A&#241;o 2008&#46; Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.aedv.es/">www&#46;aedv&#46;es</a>"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Melanoma maligno&#58; aspectos clinicopatol&#243;gicos&#46; Experiencia de dos d&#233;cadas 1978-1987 y 1988-1997"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Ord&#243;&#241;ez Gallego"
                            1 => "M&#46; Gonz&#225;lez Bar&#243;n"
                            2 => "F&#46; Contreras"
                            3 => "A&#46; Bull&#243;n"
                            4 => "A&#46; Pizarro"
                            5 => "J&#46;M&#46; Su&#225;rez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neoplasia"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "201"
                        "paginaFinal" => "203"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Melanoma maligno cut&#225;neo primitivo&#46; Estudio retrospectivo de 375 casos&#46; Cl&#237;nica e histolog&#237;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Castel"
                            1 => "M&#46; Baradad"
                            2 => "J&#46; Castro"
                            3 => "J&#46;M&#46; Mascar&#243;"
                            4 => "J&#46;C&#46; Garc&#237;a-Valdecasas"
                            5 => "L&#46; Grande"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "94"
                        "paginaInicial" => "246"
                        "paginaFinal" => "249"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estudio epidemiol&#243;gico y cl&#237;nico del melanoma maligno cut&#225;neo en el &#225;rea sanitaria de Le&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Rubio Ruiz"
                            1 => "R&#46; Gim&#233;nez Garc&#237;a"
                            2 => "J&#46; Naveiro Rilo"
                            3 => "V&#46; Salcedo Joven"
                            4 => "M&#46; D&#237;ez Estrada"
                            5 => "A&#46; Mayoral G&#243;mez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "97"
                        "paginaInicial" => "693"
                        "paginaFinal" => "696"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Melanomas detected with the aid of total cutaneous photography"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "N&#46;E&#46; Feit"
                            1 => "S&#46;W&#46; Dusza"
                            2 => "A&#46;A&#46; Marghoob"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.0007-0963.2004.05892.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "150"
                        "paginaInicial" => "706"
                        "paginaFinal" => "714"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15099367"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The use of whole body photography in a pigmented lesion clinic"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;C&#46; Halpern"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Dermatol Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1175"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1180"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11134998"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1474442208702953"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "14744422"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Kittler"
                            1 => "H&#46; Pehamberger"
                            2 => "K&#46; Wolff"
                            3 => "M&#46; Binder"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "159"
                        "paginaFinal" => "165"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11902502"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Incidence of new and changed nevi and melanomas detected using baseline images and dermoscopy in patients at high risk for melanoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;P&#46; Banky"
                            1 => "J&#46;W&#46; Kelly"
                            2 => "D&#46;R&#46; English"
                            3 => "J&#46;M&#46; Yeatman"
                            4 => "J&#46;P&#46; Dowling"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/archderm.141.8.998"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "141"
                        "paginaInicial" => "998"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1006"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16103329"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib29"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Striking increase of thin melanomas contrasts with stable incidence of thick melanomas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "D&#46;M&#46; Lipsker"
                            1 => "G&#46; Hedelin"
                            2 => "E&#46; Heid"
                            3 => "E&#46;M&#46; Grosshans"
                            4 => "B&#46;J&#46; Cribier"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "135"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1451"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1456"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10606049"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib30"
              "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Early detection of thick melanomas in the United States&#58; beware of the nodular subtype"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;F&#46; Demierre"
                            1 => "C&#46; Chung"
                            2 => "D&#46;R&#46; Miller"
                            3 => "A&#46;C&#46; Geller"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/archderm.141.6.745"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "141"
                        "paginaInicial" => "745"
                        "paginaFinal" => "750"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15967921"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib31"
              "etiqueta" => "31&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An estimate of the annual direct cost of treating cutaneous melanoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Tsao"
                            1 => "G&#46;S&#46; Rogers"
                            2 => "A&#46;J&#46; Sober"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "669"
                        "paginaFinal" => "680"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9591809"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib32"
              "etiqueta" => "32&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The relationship between melanoma thickness and time to diagnosis in a large population-based study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46;D&#46; Baade"
                            1 => "D&#46;R&#46; English"
                            2 => "P&#46;H&#46; Youl"
                            3 => "M&#46; McPherson"
                            4 => "J&#46;M&#46; Elwood"
                            5 => "J&#46;F&#46; Aitken"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/archderm.142.11.1422"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "142"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1422"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1427"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17116832"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib33"
              "etiqueta" => "33&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The kinetics of the visible growth of a primary melanoma reflects the tumor aggressiveness and is an independent prognostic marker&#58; a prospective study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Grob"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Richard"
                            2 => "J&#46; Gouvernet"
                            3 => "M&#46;F&#46; Avril"
                            4 => "M&#46; Delaunay"
                            5 => "P&#46; Wolkenstein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/ijc.10660"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "102"
                        "paginaInicial" => "34"
                        "paginaFinal" => "38"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12353231"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/15782190/0000010000000006/v1_201304241459/S1578219009701040/v1_201304241459/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "6155"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original Articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15782190/0000010000000006/v1_201304241459/S1578219009701040/v1_201304241459/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219009701040?idApp=UINPBA000044"
]
Compartir
Información de la revista
Vol. 100. Núm. 6.
Páginas 476-485 (agosto 2009)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 100. Núm. 6.
Páginas 476-485 (agosto 2009)
Original articles
Acceso a texto completo
Clinical-Pathological Features of Cutaneous Melanomas Diagnosed in a Mediterranean Tertiary Hospital Between 1990 and 2004: A Comparison Between Sexes and Age Groups and Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes
Características Clínico-Patológicas de los Melanomas Cutáneos Diagnosticados en un Hospital Terciario Mediterráneo Entre 1990 y 2004: Comparación Entre Sexos, por Grupos de Edad y Evolución a lo Largo del Tiempo
Visitas
5672
D.M. Arranz-Sáncheza,
Autor para correspondencia
dulcem.arranz@salud.madrid.org

Correspondence: Unidad de Dermatología, Hospital Infanta Sofía, Paseo de Europa, 34, 28702 San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain.
, Á. Pizarrob, J.L. Valencia-Delfac, M. Villeta-Lópezc, M.J. González-Beatod, M. Mayor-Arenalb, M. Casado-Jiménezb
a Unidad de Dermatología, Hospital Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
c Escuela Universitaria de Estadística, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
d Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Abstract
Background

The incidence of malignant melanoma has increased over recent decades. Early diagnosis continues to be essential for effective treatment. Our objective was to analyze cutaneous malignant melanomas diagnosed over a 15-year period in a tertiary hospital for trends towards earlier diagnosis and to identify subgroups with poorer prognosis.

Material and methods

Retrospective analysis of primary cutaneous melanomas analyzed in the pathology department of Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain, between 1990 and 2004.

Results

In total, 526 melanomas were diagnosed. The mean (SD) Breslow thickness was 2.63 (4.84) mm and the median thickness was 0.98 mm (range, 0-65 mm). The mean size (widest point) was 16.59 (12.11) mm. The most common histological type was surface-spreading melanoma and the most common site was the trunk. Melanomas detected in men were generally larger and thicker than in women (P=.05). Individuals aged over 60 years consulted for significantly thicker and larger tumors than younger individuals. The incidence of malignant melanomas has increased steadily over the years whereas the mean Breslow thickness and size have decreased.

Conclusions

Diagnosis of melanoma in Spain is made increasingly earlier, although locally advanced tumors are still sometimes seen in men and in individuals aged over 60 years.

Key words:
melanoma
epidemiology
early diagnosis
Spain
Mediterranean population
Resumen
Introducción

En las últimas décadas está aumentando la incidencia de melanoma maligno (MM) y el diagnóstico precoz sigue siendo esencial para conseguir su curación. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar los MM cutáneos diagnosticados durante 15 años en un hospital terciario para comprobar si existe una tendencia favorable hacia un diagnóstico cada vez más precoz e intentar identificar grupos de población con MM de peor pronóstico.

Material y métodos

Análisis retrospectivo de los melanomas cutáneos primarios analizados en el Departamento de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital La Paz entre 1990 y 2004.

Resultados

Se diagnosticaron en total 526 melanomas. El espesor medio de Breslow fue de 2,63 mm (desviación estándar [DE] 4,84) y la mediana de 0,98 mm (0-65 mm); el tamaño medio (diámetro mayor) fue de 16,59 mm (DE 12,11); el tipo histológico más frecuente fue el melanoma de extensión superficial y la localización más habitual el tronco. Los melanomas detectados en varones tendieron a ser más grandes y de mayor espesor (p =0,05) que los de las mujeres. Los mayores de 60 años consultaron con tumores significativamente más gruesos y de mayor diámetro que los pacientes más jóvenes. A lo largo de estos años, ha aumentado progresivamente el número de MM, pero han disminuido el Breslow medio y el tamaño.

Conclusiones

El diagnóstico del melanoma en nuestro medio es cada vez más precoz, pero los varones y los mayores de 60 años en ocasiones aún consultan con tumores localmente avanzados.

Palabras clave:
melanoma
epidemiología
diagnóstico precoz
España
población mediterránea
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
References
[1.]
R. Marks.
Epidemiology of melanoma.
Clin Exp Dermatol, 25 (2000), pp. 459-463
[2.]
J.F. Thompson, R.A. Scolyer, R.F. Kefford.
Cutaneous melanoma.
[3.]
H. Tsao, M.B. Atkins, A.J. Sober.
Management of cutaneous melanoma.
N Engl J Med, 351 (2004), pp. 998-1012
[4.]
C. La Vecchia, F. Lucchini, E. Negri, F. Levi.
Recent declines in world wide mortality from cutaneous melanoma in youth and middle age.
Int J Cancer, 81 (1999), pp. 62-66
[5.]
E. De Vries, F.I. Bray, J.W. Coebergh, D.M. Parkin.
Changing epidemiology of malignant cutaneous melanoma in Europe 1953-1997: rising trends in incidence and mortality but recent stabilizations in western Europe and decreases in Scandinavia.
Int J Cancer, 107 (2003), pp. 119-126
[6.]
S. Saenz, J. Conejo-Mir, A. Cayuela.
Epidemiología del melanoma en España.
Actas Dermosifiliogr, 96 (2005), pp. 411-418
[7.]
A. Cayuela, S. Rodríguez-Domínguez, J. Lapetra-Peralta, J.S. Conejo-Mir.
Has mortality from malignant melanoma stopped rising in Spain? Analysis of trends between 1975 and 2001.
Br J Dermatol, 152 (2005), pp. 997-1000
[8.]
C.M. Balch, A.C. Buzaid, S.J. Soong, M.B. Atkins, N. Cascinelli, D.G. Coid, et al.
Final version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous melanoma.
J Clin Oncol, 19 (2001), pp. 3635-3648
[9.]
M.B. Atkins, D.E. Elder, R. Essner, K.T. Flaherty, T.F. Gajewski, F.G. Haluska, et al.
Innovations and challenges in melanoma: summary statement from the first Cambridge conference.
Clin Cancer Res, 12 (2006), pp. 2291S-2296S
[10.]
J.V. Schaffer, D.S. Rigel, A.W. Kopf, J.L. Bolognia.
Cutaneous melanoma–past, present, and future.
J Am Acad Dermatol, 51 (2004), pp. S65-S69
[11.]
J.A. Avilés, P. Lázaro, M. Lecona.
Epidemiología y supervivencia del melanoma cutáneo en España: estudio de 552 casos (1994-2003).
Rev Clin Esp, 206 (2006), pp. 319-325
[12.]
I. García Morales, A. Pérez Gil, A. Herrera, F.M. Camacho.
Características clínicas y epidemiológicas del melanoma cutáneo en adultos jóvenes menores de 30 años en el área sanitaria Virgen Macarena de Sevilla.
Med Cutan Iber Lat Am, 32 (2004), pp. 243-248
[13.]
E. Nagore, V. Oliver, R. Botella-Estrada, S. Moreno-Picot, C. Guillén, J.M. Fortea.
Clinicopathological analysis of1571 cutaneous malignant melanomas in Valencia, Spain: factors related to tumour thickness.
Acta Derm Venereol, 86 (2006), pp. 50-56
[14.]
J. Marcoval, A. Moreno, A. Torras, E. Baumann, J. Graells, M.I. Gallego.
Evolución del melanoma maligno cutáneo en los últimos 19 años en un hospital terciario de la cuenca mediterránea.
Actas Dermosifiliogr, 99 (2008), pp. 464-468
[15.]
A. Buendía Eisman, R.M. Ortega del Olmo, S. Serrano Ortega.
¿Han cambiado nuestros melanomas?.
Actas Dermosifiliogr, 88 (1997), pp. 13-17
[16.]
R. Ocaña-Riola, C. Martínez-Garcia, S. Serrano, A. Buendía-Eisman, C. Ruiz-Baena, J. Canela-Soler.
Population-based study of cutaneous malignant melanoma in the Granada province (Spain), 1985-1992.
Eur J Epidemiol, 17 (2001), pp. 169-174
[17.]
J. Gardeazabal, J. Regalado, F. Fernández Samaniego, J. Pijoan, F.J. Gabilondo, J.L. Díaz.
Estudio comparativo de los pacientes con melanoma en el Hospital de Cruces entre las décadas1977-86 y 1987-96.
Med Cutan Iber Lat Am, 28 (2000), pp. 236-240
[18.]
M. Lomuto, P. Calabrese, A. Giuliani.
Prognostic signs inmelanoma: state of the art.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 18 (2004), pp. 291-300
[19.]
K.E. Harman, L.C. Fuller, J.R. Salisbury, E.M. Higgins, A.W. du Vivier.
Trends in the presentation of cutaneous malignant melanoma over three decades at King's College Hospital, London.
Clin Exp Dermatol, 29 (2004), pp. 563-566
[20.]
C.S. Murray, D.L. Stockton, V.R. Doherty.
Thick melanoma: the challenge persists.
Br J Dermatol, 152 (2005), pp. 104-109
[21.]
Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología. Registro Nacional de melanoma cutáneo. Año 2008. Disponible en: www.aedv.es
[22.]
A. Ordóñez Gallego, M. González Barón, F. Contreras, A. Bullón, A. Pizarro, J.M. Suárez, et al.
Melanoma maligno: aspectos clinicopatológicos. Experiencia de dos décadas 1978-1987 y 1988-1997.
Neoplasia, 15 (1998), pp. 201-203
[23.]
T. Castel, M. Baradad, J. Castro, J.M. Mascaró, J.C. García-Valdecasas, L. Grande, et al.
Melanoma maligno cutáneo primitivo. Estudio retrospectivo de 375 casos. Clínica e histología.
Med Clin (Barc), 94 (1990), pp. 246-249
[24.]
J. Rubio Ruiz, R. Giménez García, J. Naveiro Rilo, V. Salcedo Joven, M. Díez Estrada, A. Mayoral Gómez.
Estudio epidemiológico y clínico del melanoma maligno cutáneo en el área sanitaria de León.
Med Clin (Barc), 97 (1991), pp. 693-696
[25.]
N.E. Feit, S.W. Dusza, A.A. Marghoob.
Melanomas detected with the aid of total cutaneous photography.
Br J Dermatol, 150 (2004), pp. 706-714
[26.]
A.C. Halpern.
The use of whole body photography in a pigmented lesion clinic.
Dermatol Surg, 26 (2000), pp. 1175-1180
[27.]
H. Kittler, H. Pehamberger, K. Wolff, M. Binder.
Diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy.
Lancet Oncol, 3 (2002), pp. 159-165
[28.]
J.P. Banky, J.W. Kelly, D.R. English, J.M. Yeatman, J.P. Dowling.
Incidence of new and changed nevi and melanomas detected using baseline images and dermoscopy in patients at high risk for melanoma.
Arch Dermatol, 141 (2005), pp. 998-1006
[29.]
D.M. Lipsker, G. Hedelin, E. Heid, E.M. Grosshans, B.J. Cribier.
Striking increase of thin melanomas contrasts with stable incidence of thick melanomas.
Arch Dermatol, 135 (1999), pp. 1451-1456
[30.]
M.F. Demierre, C. Chung, D.R. Miller, A.C. Geller.
Early detection of thick melanomas in the United States: beware of the nodular subtype.
Arch Dermatol, 141 (2005), pp. 745-750
[31.]
H. Tsao, G.S. Rogers, A.J. Sober.
An estimate of the annual direct cost of treating cutaneous melanoma.
J Am Acad Dermatol, 38 (1998), pp. 669-680
[32.]
P.D. Baade, D.R. English, P.H. Youl, M. McPherson, J.M. Elwood, J.F. Aitken.
The relationship between melanoma thickness and time to diagnosis in a large population-based study.
Arch Dermatol, 142 (2006), pp. 1422-1427
[33.]
J.J. Grob, M.A. Richard, J. Gouvernet, M.F. Avril, M. Delaunay, P. Wolkenstein, et al.
The kinetics of the visible growth of a primary melanoma reflects the tumor aggressiveness and is an independent prognostic marker: a prospective study.
Int J Cancer, 102 (2002), pp. 34-38
Copyright © 2009. Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología and Elsevier España, S.L.
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?