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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 9-year-old boy was referred to the dermatology clinic with rough punctate lesions on his eyebrows&#44; cheeks&#44; and both arms&#46; His personal history was remarkable for atopic dermatitis&#44; rhinitis&#44; asthma&#44; and left mesial&#8211;temporal ganglioglioma&#46; His brain tumor was treated with surgery and local radiotherapy&#46; Given the presence of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BRAF</span> V600E mutation in the affected cells of the ganglioglioma&#44; we subsequently decided to initiate the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib at 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg every 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours&#46; Three months after initiation of treatment&#44; the patient began to develop cutaneous manifestations&#44; for which he had not received treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical examination revealed minute hyperkeratotic papules on an erythematous base on both cheeks &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; and eyebrows &#40;with hair loss in the middle area&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#44; as well as multiple hyperkeratotic papules on the external aspect of both arms &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; No lesions were visible on other areas of the body or the mucosa&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the patient&#39;s clinical history and the cutaneous manifestations&#44; he was diagnosed with ulerythema ophryogenes&#44; also known as keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei&#44; an uncommon skin disease characterized by erythematous follicular papules that mainly affect the eyebrows&#44; forehead&#44; and cheeks&#44; with occasional progression to atrophy and alopecia&#46; The condition can appear during childhood or adulthood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The differential diagnosis is with a closely interrelated group of disorders known as keratosis pilaris atrophicans&#44; which include atrophoderma vermiculatum and keratosis spinulosa decalvans&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ulerythema ophryogenes is considered a cutaneous marker of several congenital syndromes&#44; including Noonan syndrome&#44; Cornelia de Lange syndrome&#44; Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome&#44; partial monosomy of the short arm of chromosome 18&#44; abnormalities of the nerves&#44; eye diseases&#44; and mental retardation&#46; It is considered an autosomal dominant genodermatosis with incomplete penetrance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The V600E mutation in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BRAF</span> is common in cerebral ganglioglioma&#44; affecting approximately 50&#37; of patients and leading to poorer progression-free survival than gangliogliomas that do not harbor it&#46; These mutations have generated considerable interest and have become therapeutic targets that can be treated with BRAF inhibitors&#44; such as dabrafenib&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BRAF inhibitors are a pioneering targeted treatment for metastatic melanoma&#46; They were subsequently used for other indications&#44; have a complex safety profile&#44; and have been associated with a wide range of cutaneous adverse reactions &#40;mainly mild&#44; grades 1 and 2&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;7</span></a> The most common cutaneous manifestations include cutaneous exanthema&#44; alopecia&#44; cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma&#44; keratoacanthoma&#44; hyperkeratosis palmoplantaris&#44; keratosis pilaris-type reactions&#44; and pruritus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> As for squamous cell carcinoma&#44; it is important to note that&#44; in contrast with adult patients&#44; no cases have been reported with dabrafenib in pediatric patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Keratosis pilaris mainly affects the extensor surfaces of the arms and the anterior aspect of the thighs and can extend to the trunk&#44; while generally sparing the face&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Onset of this adverse effect has been reported during the first months after initiation of dabrafenib&#44; irrespective of the indication&#46; According to the latest publications&#44; it is experienced by 10&#37;&#8211;14&#37; of patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;8</span></a> Keratosis pilaris is more common in patients who receive vemurafenib &#40;BRAF inhibitor&#41;&#59; in contrast&#44; incidence is lower in patients who receive combined treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2016&#44; Khetarpal et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> reported the first case of keratosis pilaris atrophicans associated with nilotinib&#44; a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor&#44; in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our review of the literature revealed no cases of keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei induced by dabrafenib&#46; Here&#44; we report the first case of ulerythema ophryogenes in a 9-year-old boy after treatment with dabrafenib for mesial&#8211;temporal ganglioglioma&#46; Ulerythema ophryogenes is considered a marker of several congenital syndromes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> and does not usually present as an adverse effect of drugs&#46; However&#44; this was not the case in the patient we describe&#44; and the temporal association from initiation of the drug supported the diagnosis&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This type of cutaneous manifestation is usually mild&#44; requiring symptomatic management&#46; Therefore&#44; it is important to distinguish it from drug hypersensitivity reactions&#44; which are more serious and may require medication to be interrupted&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;10</span></a> While there have been reports of spontaneous resolution on entering adolescence&#44; treatment is usually with keratolytic agents&#44; corticosteroids&#44; and photoprotection&#44; and the response is variable&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Successful outcomes were recently reported with pulsed-dye laser treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no funding was received for the present study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflict of Interests</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Vol. 114. Issue 9.
Pages T831-T832 (October 2023)
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Vol. 114. Issue 9.
Pages T831-T832 (October 2023)
Case and Research Letter
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Ulerythema Ophryogenes Induced by Dabrafenib
Reacción tipo uleritema ofriógenes inducida por dabrafenib
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A. Aramburu González
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aida.aramburu1209@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, B. Udondo González del Tánago, A. Orbea Sopeña, M.R. González Hermosa
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
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Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2023;114:831-210.1016/j.ad.2022.03.019
A. Aramburu González, B. Udondo González del Tánago, A. Orbea Sopeña, M.R. González Hermosa
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To the Editor:

A 9-year-old boy was referred to the dermatology clinic with rough punctate lesions on his eyebrows, cheeks, and both arms. His personal history was remarkable for atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, asthma, and left mesial–temporal ganglioglioma. His brain tumor was treated with surgery and local radiotherapy. Given the presence of the BRAF V600E mutation in the affected cells of the ganglioglioma, we subsequently decided to initiate the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib at 150mg every 12hours. Three months after initiation of treatment, the patient began to develop cutaneous manifestations, for which he had not received treatment.

Physical examination revealed minute hyperkeratotic papules on an erythematous base on both cheeks (Fig. 1) and eyebrows (with hair loss in the middle area) (Fig. 2), as well as multiple hyperkeratotic papules on the external aspect of both arms (Fig. 3). No lesions were visible on other areas of the body or the mucosa.

Figure 1.

Minute hyperkeratotic papules on an erythematous base on the left cheek.

(0.05MB).
Figure 2.

Follicular papules and erythema on the forehead and eyebrows, with partial alopecia.

(0.03MB).
Figure 3.

Multiple hyperkeratotic papules on the external surface of the right arm.

(0.05MB).

Given the patient's clinical history and the cutaneous manifestations, he was diagnosed with ulerythema ophryogenes, also known as keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei, an uncommon skin disease characterized by erythematous follicular papules that mainly affect the eyebrows, forehead, and cheeks, with occasional progression to atrophy and alopecia. The condition can appear during childhood or adulthood.1,2

The differential diagnosis is with a closely interrelated group of disorders known as keratosis pilaris atrophicans, which include atrophoderma vermiculatum and keratosis spinulosa decalvans.1,2

Ulerythema ophryogenes is considered a cutaneous marker of several congenital syndromes, including Noonan syndrome, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, partial monosomy of the short arm of chromosome 18, abnormalities of the nerves, eye diseases, and mental retardation. It is considered an autosomal dominant genodermatosis with incomplete penetrance.1–3

The V600E mutation in BRAF is common in cerebral ganglioglioma, affecting approximately 50% of patients and leading to poorer progression-free survival than gangliogliomas that do not harbor it. These mutations have generated considerable interest and have become therapeutic targets that can be treated with BRAF inhibitors, such as dabrafenib.4

BRAF inhibitors are a pioneering targeted treatment for metastatic melanoma. They were subsequently used for other indications, have a complex safety profile, and have been associated with a wide range of cutaneous adverse reactions (mainly mild, grades 1 and 2).5–7 The most common cutaneous manifestations include cutaneous exanthema, alopecia, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, keratoacanthoma, hyperkeratosis palmoplantaris, keratosis pilaris-type reactions, and pruritus.6,7 As for squamous cell carcinoma, it is important to note that, in contrast with adult patients, no cases have been reported with dabrafenib in pediatric patients.4

Keratosis pilaris mainly affects the extensor surfaces of the arms and the anterior aspect of the thighs and can extend to the trunk, while generally sparing the face.6 Onset of this adverse effect has been reported during the first months after initiation of dabrafenib, irrespective of the indication. According to the latest publications, it is experienced by 10%–14% of patients.4,8 Keratosis pilaris is more common in patients who receive vemurafenib (BRAF inhibitor); in contrast, incidence is lower in patients who receive combined treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.7

In 2016, Khetarpal et al.9 reported the first case of keratosis pilaris atrophicans associated with nilotinib, a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia.

Our review of the literature revealed no cases of keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei induced by dabrafenib. Here, we report the first case of ulerythema ophryogenes in a 9-year-old boy after treatment with dabrafenib for mesial–temporal ganglioglioma. Ulerythema ophryogenes is considered a marker of several congenital syndromes1,2 and does not usually present as an adverse effect of drugs. However, this was not the case in the patient we describe, and the temporal association from initiation of the drug supported the diagnosis.

This type of cutaneous manifestation is usually mild, requiring symptomatic management. Therefore, it is important to distinguish it from drug hypersensitivity reactions, which are more serious and may require medication to be interrupted.7,10 While there have been reports of spontaneous resolution on entering adolescence, treatment is usually with keratolytic agents, corticosteroids, and photoprotection, and the response is variable.10 Successful outcomes were recently reported with pulsed-dye laser treatment.3

Funding

The authors declare that no funding was received for the present study.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

References
[1]
C.M. Morton, C. Bhate, C.K. Janniger, R.A. Schwartz.
Ulerythema ophryogenes: updates and insights.
Cutis, 93 (2014), pp. 83-87
[2]
V. Coelho de Sousa, R. Pinheiro, N. Cunha, A. Lencastre, J. Cabete.
Ulerythema ophryogenes and keratosis pilaris.
Eur J Dermatol, 28 (2018), pp. 566-567
[3]
E. Kechichian, S. Jabbour, L. el Hachem, R. Tomb, J. Helou.
Light and laser treatments for keratosis pilaris: a systematic review.
Dermatol Surg, 46 (2020), pp. 1397-1402
[4]
J.P.M. Pérez, J. Muchart, V.S. López, M.S. Capella, N. Salvador, S.P. Jaume, et al.
Targeted therapy for pediatric low-grade glioma.
Childs Nerv Syst, 37 (2021), pp. 2511-2520
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J.F. Mir-Bonafé, D.S. Corralo, S.V. Galván.
Adverse hair reactions to new targeted therapies for cancer.
Actas Dermosifilogr, 110 (2019), pp. 182-192
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V. Sibaud, L. Lamant, V. Maisongrosse, J.P. Delord.
Effets indésirables cutanés des inhibiteurs de BRAF: revue systématique.
Ann Dermatol Venereol, 140 (2013), pp. 510-520
[7]
I. Torres-Navarro, B. de Unamuno-Bustos, R. Botella-Estrada.
Systematic review of BRAF/MEK inhibitors-induced Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCARs).
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 35 (2021), pp. 607-614
[8]
C. Peng, L. Jie-Xin.
The incidence and risk of cutaneous toxicities associated with dabrafenib in melanoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Eur J Hosp Pharm, 28 (2021), pp. 182-189
[9]
S. Khetarpal, A. Sood, S.D. Billings.
Nilontinib induced keratosis pilaris atrophicans.
Dermatol Online J, 22 (2016), pp. 8
[10]
S.J. Hwang, R. Anforth, G. Carlos, P. Fernandez-Peñas.
Cutaneous adverse events of new anti-melanoma therapies: classification and management.
Actas Dermosifiliogr, 108 (2017), pp. 6-16
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