array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0001731009733782"
  "issn" => "00017310"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S0001-7310(09)73378-2"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-12-01"
  "aid" => "73378"
  "copyright" => "Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2009"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2009;100 Supl 2:49-54"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 1748
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 35
      "HTML" => 1115
      "PDF" => 598
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0001731009733794"
    "issn" => "00017310"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0001-7310(09)73379-4"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-12-01"
    "aid" => "73379"
    "copyright" => "Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2009;100 Supl 2:55-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1975
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 31
        "HTML" => 1295
        "PDF" => 649
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Field Treatment of Actinic Keratoses – Focus on COX-2-Inhibitors"
      "tienePdf" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "55"
          "paginaFinal" => "58"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Tratamiento del campo de queratosis actínicas: especial interés en los inhibidores de COX-2"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M. Ulrich, E. Stockfleth"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M."
              "apellidos" => "Ulrich"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E."
              "apellidos" => "Stockfleth"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731009733794?idApp=UINPBA000044"
    "url" => "/00017310/00000100000000S2/v1_201304241226/S0001731009733794/v1_201304241226/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0001731009733770"
    "issn" => "00017310"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0001-7310(09)73377-0"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-12-01"
    "aid" => "73377"
    "copyright" => "Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2009;100 Supl 2:40-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1996
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 35
        "HTML" => 1317
        "PDF" => 644
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "The Enigmatic Autoimmune Response in Endemic Pemphigus Foliaceus"
      "tienePdf" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "40"
          "paginaFinal" => "48"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "La enigmática respuesta autoinmunitaria en el pénfigo foliáceo endémico"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "G. Flores, Y. Qian, L.A. Díaz"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "G."
              "apellidos" => "Flores"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Y."
              "apellidos" => "Qian"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "L.A."
              "apellidos" => "Díaz"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731009733770?idApp=UINPBA000044"
    "url" => "/00017310/00000100000000S2/v1_201304241226/S0001731009733770/v1_201304241226/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:13 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Toward Better Management of Merkel Cell Carcinoma Using a Consensus Staging System, New Diagnostic Codes and a Recently Discovered Virus"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "49"
        "paginaFinal" => "54"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "J.G. Iyer, S. Koba, P. Nghiem"
        "autores" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J.G."
            "apellidos" => "Iyer"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "fn1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "S&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Koba"
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff2"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "fn1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "P&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Nghiem"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "pnghiem&#64;uw&#46;edu"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff3"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Dermatology Division&#46; University of Washington&#46; Seattle&#46; Washington&#46; USA"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff1"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Dermatology Division&#46; Saga University&#46; Saga&#46; Japan"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff2"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance&#46; Seattle&#46; Washington&#46; USA"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff3"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Correspondence&#58; Paul Nghiem&#44; MD&#44; PhD&#46; 815 Mercer Street Seattle&#44; WA 98109&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Hacia un mejor tratamiento del carcinoma de c&#233;lulas de merkel utilizando una estadificaci&#243;n de consenso&#44; nuevos c&#243;digos diagn&#243;sticos y un virus descubierto recientemente"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec82460"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Merkel cell carcinoma"
            1 => "skin cancer"
            2 => "neuroendocrine"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec82459"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "carcinoma de c&#233;lulas de Merkel"
            1 => "c&#225;ncer cut&#225;neo"
            2 => "neuroendocrino"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Merkel cell carcinoma &#40;MCC&#41; is a neuroendocrine skin cancer with a higher propensity for recurrence and metastasis than melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma&#46; Despite aggressive behavior and the tripling of its reported incidence in the past 20 years&#44; there is extensive confusion about how MCC should be managed&#46; Here we address two issues that have impeded optimal MCC management&#58; lack of a consensus staging system and lack of unique diagnostic codes for MCC&#46; Five conflicting systems currently used to stage MCC will be replaced by one system in 2010 that will diminish confusion about prognosis and management among physicians and patients&#46; The diagnostic bundling of MCC with numerous less aggressive skin cancers leads to care refusals by insurance and an inability to track MCC care costs&#46; Worldwide adoption in 2009 of specific diagnostic codes for MCC will also improve understanding and management of this often-lethal skin cancer&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El carcinoma de c&#233;lulas de Merkel &#40;CCM&#41; es una neoplasia cut&#225;nea neuroendocrina con una mayor propensi&#243;n para desarrollar recurrencias y met&#225;stasis que el melanoma o el carcinoma epidermoide&#46; A pesar de su comportamiento agresivo&#44; y el hecho de que su incidencia se haya triplicado en los &#250;ltimos 20 a&#241;os&#44; a&#250;n existe una gran confusi&#243;n respecto al tratamiento del CCM&#46; En esta revisi&#243;n abordaremos dos cuestiones que han dificultado el tratamiento &#243;ptimo del CCM&#58; la carencia de un sistema de estadificaci&#243;n consensuado y la falta de c&#243;digos diagn&#243;sticos exclusivos para el CCM&#46; Los 5 sistemas contradictorios que actualmente se utilizan para estadificar el CCM ser&#225;n reemplazados solamente por uno en 2010&#44; lo que disminuir&#225; la confusi&#243;n sobre el pron&#243;stico y el tratamiento entre los m&#233;dicos y pacientes&#46; La codificaci&#243;n diagn&#243;stica del CCM&#44; junto con numerosas neoplasias cut&#225;neas menos agresivas&#44; ha condicionado la denegaci&#243;n de atenci&#243;n por parte de las compa&#241;&#237;as aseguradoras y la incapacidad para evaluar los costes de la atenci&#243;n sanitaria por CCM&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La adopci&#243;n&#44; que se ha efectuado en 2009&#44; de c&#243;digos diagn&#243;sticos espec&#237;ficos para el CCM tambi&#233;n mejorar&#225; la comprensi&#243;n y el tratamiento de esta neoplasia cut&#225;nea frecuentemente letal&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">These authors contributed equally</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:28 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Epidemiology of primary Merkel cell carcinoma in the United States"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Agelli"
                            1 => "L&#46;X&#46; Clegg"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1067/S0190"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "832"
                        "paginaFinal" => "841"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576661"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prognostic factors analysis of 17&#44;600 melanoma patients&#58; validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;M&#46; Balch"
                            1 => "S&#46;J&#46; Soong"
                            2 => "J&#46;E&#46; Gershenwald"
                            3 => "J&#46;F&#46; Thompson"
                            4 => "D&#46;S&#46; Reintgen"
                            5 => "N&#46; Cascinelli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1200/jco.2001.19.16.3622"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3622"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3634"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11504744"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Elevation of thyroid cancer risk among cutaneous melanoma survivors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "W&#46; Goggins"
                            1 => "G&#46;H&#46; Daniels"
                            2 => "H&#46; Tsao"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/ijc.21300"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "118"
                        "paginaInicial" => "185"
                        "paginaFinal" => "188"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16049985"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tumour thickness as a predictor of occult lymph node metastases in patients with stage I and II melanoma undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;B&#46; Lens"
                            1 => "M&#46; Dawes"
                            2 => "J&#46;A&#46; Newton-Bishop"
                            3 => "T&#46; Goodacre"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1046/j.1365-2168.2002.02236.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "89"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1223"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1227"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12296887"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sentinel lymph node biopsy for evaluation and treatment of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma&#58; The Dana-Farber experience and meta-analysis of the literature"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;G&#46; Gupta"
                            1 => "L&#46;C&#46; Wang"
                            2 => "P&#46;F&#46; Pe&#241;as"
                            3 => "M&#46; Gellenthin"
                            4 => "S&#46;J&#46; Lee"
                            5 => "P&#46; Nghiem"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/archderm.142.6.685"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "142"
                        "paginaInicial" => "685"
                        "paginaFinal" => "690"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16785370"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Merkel cell carcinoma&#58; more deaths but still no pathway to blame"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Lemos"
                            1 => "P&#46; Nghiem"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/sj.jid.5700925"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Invest Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "127"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2100"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2103"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17700621"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Merkel cell carcinoma&#58; changing incidence trends"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "N&#46;C&#46; Hodgson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/jso.20167"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Surg Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "89"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15611998"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Albores-Saavedra J&#44; Batich K&#44; Chable-Montero F&#44; Sagy N&#44; Schwartz AM&#44; Henson DE&#46; Merkel cell carcinoma demographics&#44; morphology&#44; and survival based on 3&#44;870 cases&#58; a population based study&#46; J Cutan Pathol&#46; 2009 &#91;in press&#93;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Merkel&#39;s cell carcinoma in organ recipients&#58; report of 41 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "I&#46; Penn"
                            1 => "M&#46;R&#46; First"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Transplantation"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "68"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1717"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1721"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10609948"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Merkel cell carcinoma and HIV infection"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "E&#46;A&#46; Engels"
                            1 => "M&#46; Frisch"
                            2 => "J&#46;J&#46; Goedert"
                            3 => "R&#46;J&#46; Biggar"
                            4 => "R&#46;W&#46; Miller"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07668-7"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "359"
                        "paginaInicial" => "497"
                        "paginaFinal" => "498"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11853800"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma at diagnosis in 195 patients&#58; the AEIOU features"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Heath"
                            1 => "N&#46; Jaimes"
                            2 => "B&#46; Lemos"
                            3 => "A&#46; Mostaghimi"
                            4 => "L&#46;C&#46; Wang"
                            5 => "P&#46;F&#46; Pe&#241;as"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaad.2007.11.020"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "375"
                        "paginaFinal" => "381"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18280333"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Feng"
                            1 => "M&#46; Shuda"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Chang"
                            3 => "P&#46;S&#46; Moore"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1126/science.1152586"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Science"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "319"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1096"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1100"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202256"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Merkel cell polyomavirus sequences are frequently detected in nonmelanoma skin cancer of immunosuppressed patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Kassem"
                            1 => "K&#46; Technau"
                            2 => "A&#46;K&#46; Kurz"
                            3 => "D&#46; Pantulu"
                            4 => "M&#46; L&#246;ning"
                            5 => "G&#46; Kayser"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/ijc.24323"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "125"
                        "paginaInicial" => "356"
                        "paginaFinal" => "361"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19384948"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Is More Frequently Present in North American than Australian Merkel Cell Carcinoma Tumors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46;M&#46; Garneski"
                            1 => "A&#46;H&#46; Warcola"
                            2 => "Q&#46; Feng"
                            3 => "N&#46;B&#46; Kiviat"
                            4 => "J&#46;H&#46; Leonard"
                            5 => "P&#46; Nghiem"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/jid.2008.229"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Invest Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "129"
                        "paginaInicial" => "246"
                        "paginaFinal" => "248"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650846"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Merkel cell polyomavirus expression in Merkel cell carcinomas and its absence in combined tumors and pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46;J&#46; Busam"
                            1 => "A&#46;A&#46; Jungbluth"
                            2 => "N&#46; Rekthman"
                            3 => "D&#46; Coit"
                            4 => "M&#46; Pulitzer"
                            5 => "J&#46; Bini"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181aa30a5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Surg Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1378"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1385"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19609205"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Human Merkel cell polyomavirus infection II&#46; MCV is a common human infection that can be detected by conformational capsid epitope immunoassays"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46;L&#46; Tolstov"
                            1 => "D&#46;V&#46; Pastrana"
                            2 => "H&#46; Feng"
                            3 => "J&#46;C&#46; Becker"
                            4 => "F&#46;J&#46; Jenkins"
                            5 => "S&#46; Moschos"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/ijc.24509"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "125"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1250"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1256"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19499548"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Carter J&#44; Paulson K&#44; Wipf G&#44; Miranda D&#44; Madeleine MM&#44; Johnson LG&#44; et al&#46; Antibodies to Merkel cell polyomavirus are associated with Merkel cell carcinoma&#46; J Natl Cancer Inst&#46; 2009 &#91;in press&#93;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Merkel cell carcinoma&#46; Prognosis and management"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Yiengpruksawan"
                            1 => "D&#46;G&#46; Coit"
                            2 => "H&#46;T&#46; Thaler"
                            3 => "C&#46; Urmacher"
                            4 => "W&#46;K&#46; Knapper"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Surg"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "126"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1514"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1519"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1842182"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Surgical management of Merkel cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46;J&#46; Allen"
                            1 => "Z&#46;F&#46; Zhang"
                            2 => "D&#46;G&#46; Coit"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Surg"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "229"
                        "paginaInicial" => "97"
                        "paginaFinal" => "105"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9923806"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0015028202033228"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00150282"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Merkel cell carcinoma&#58; prognosis and treatment of pa tients from a single institution"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46;J&#46; Allen"
                            1 => "W&#46;B&#46; Bowne"
                            2 => "D&#46;P&#46; Jaques"
                            3 => "M&#46;F&#46; Brennan"
                            4 => "K&#46; Busam"
                            5 => "D&#46;G&#46; Coit"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1200/JCO.2005.02.329"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2300"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2309"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15800320"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "AJCC Cancer Staging Manual&#46; 6th ed&#46; Chicago&#58; Springer&#59; 2002&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck&#58; Is adjuvant radiotherapy necessary&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;R&#46; Clark"
                            1 => "M&#46;J&#46; Veness"
                            2 => "R&#46; Gilbert"
                            3 => "C&#46;J&#46; O&#8217;Brien"
                            4 => "P&#46;J&#46; Gullane"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/hed.20510"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Head Neck"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "249"
                        "paginaFinal" => "257"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17163472"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "AJCC Cancer Staging Manual&#46; Merkel Cell Carcinoma&#46; Chapter 30&#46; 7th ed&#46; Chicago&#58; Springer&#59; 2009&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Lemos BD&#44; Storer BE&#44; Iyer JG&#44; Phillips JL&#44; Bichakjian CK&#44; Fang LC&#44; et al&#46; Development of the first American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for Merkel cell carcinoma based on prognostic factors analysis of 5&#44;823 National Cancer Data Base cases Submitted&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Incidence of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in the United States&#44; 1973-2002"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "V&#46;D&#46; Criscione"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Weinstock"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/archderm.143.7.854"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "143"
                        "paginaInicial" => "854"
                        "paginaFinal" => "859"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17638728"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Merkel cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Miller"
                            1 => "M&#46; Alam"
                            2 => "J&#46; Andersen"
                            3 => "D&#46; Berg"
                            4 => "C&#46;K&#46; Bichakjian"
                            5 => "G&#46; Bowen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Natl Compr Canc Netw"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "322"
                        "paginaFinal" => "332"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19401064"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0010782408003946"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00107824"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adjuvant local irradiation for Merkel cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46;G&#46; Lewis"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Weinstock"
                            2 => "A&#46;L&#46; Weaver"
                            3 => "C&#46;C&#46; Otley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/archderm.142.6.693"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "142"
                        "paginaInicial" => "693"
                        "paginaFinal" => "700"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16785371"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Radiotherapy alone for primary Merkel cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Mortier"
                            1 => "X&#46; Mirabel"
                            2 => "C&#46; Fournier"
                            3 => "F&#46; Piette"
                            4 => "E&#46; Lartigau"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/archderm.139.12.1587"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "139"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1587"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1590"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14676075"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/00017310/00000100000000S2/v1_201304241226/S0001731009733782/v1_201304241226/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => null
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/00017310/00000100000000S2/v1_201304241226/S0001731009733782/v1_201304241226/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731009733782?idApp=UINPBA000044"
  "pdfAlternativo" => array:1 [
    0 => array:3 [
      "idioma" => "es"
      "documentoPdf" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/file/00017310/addon/S0001731009733782/S300/es/103v100nSupl.2a13146417pdf001_2.pdf"
      "portada" => "103v100nSupl.2a13146417pdf001_2.png"
    ]
  ]
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 100. Issue S2.
Mirando hacia el futuro en Dermatología Extraordinario del Centenario. Parte II
Pages 49-54 (December 2009)
Vol. 100. Issue S2.
Mirando hacia el futuro en Dermatología Extraordinario del Centenario. Parte II
Pages 49-54 (December 2009)
Full text access
Toward Better Management of Merkel Cell Carcinoma Using a Consensus Staging System, New Diagnostic Codes and a Recently Discovered Virus
Hacia un mejor tratamiento del carcinoma de células de merkel utilizando una estadificación de consenso, nuevos códigos diagnósticos y un virus descubierto recientemente
Visits
4265
J.G. Iyera,*, S. Kobaa,b,*, P. Nghiema,c,
Corresponding author
pnghiem@uw.edu

Correspondence: Paul Nghiem, MD, PhD. 815 Mercer Street Seattle, WA 98109.
a Dermatology Division. University of Washington. Seattle. Washington. USA
b Dermatology Division. Saga University. Saga. Japan
c Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance. Seattle. Washington. USA
This item has received
Article information
Abstract

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a neuroendocrine skin cancer with a higher propensity for recurrence and metastasis than melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Despite aggressive behavior and the tripling of its reported incidence in the past 20 years, there is extensive confusion about how MCC should be managed. Here we address two issues that have impeded optimal MCC management: lack of a consensus staging system and lack of unique diagnostic codes for MCC. Five conflicting systems currently used to stage MCC will be replaced by one system in 2010 that will diminish confusion about prognosis and management among physicians and patients. The diagnostic bundling of MCC with numerous less aggressive skin cancers leads to care refusals by insurance and an inability to track MCC care costs. Worldwide adoption in 2009 of specific diagnostic codes for MCC will also improve understanding and management of this often-lethal skin cancer.

Key words:
Merkel cell carcinoma
skin cancer
neuroendocrine
Resumen

El carcinoma de células de Merkel (CCM) es una neoplasia cutánea neuroendocrina con una mayor propensión para desarrollar recurrencias y metástasis que el melanoma o el carcinoma epidermoide. A pesar de su comportamiento agresivo, y el hecho de que su incidencia se haya triplicado en los últimos 20 años, aún existe una gran confusión respecto al tratamiento del CCM. En esta revisión abordaremos dos cuestiones que han dificultado el tratamiento óptimo del CCM: la carencia de un sistema de estadificación consensuado y la falta de códigos diagnósticos exclusivos para el CCM. Los 5 sistemas contradictorios que actualmente se utilizan para estadificar el CCM serán reemplazados solamente por uno en 2010, lo que disminuirá la confusión sobre el pronóstico y el tratamiento entre los médicos y pacientes. La codificación diagnóstica del CCM, junto con numerosas neoplasias cutáneas menos agresivas, ha condicionado la denegación de atención por parte de las compañías aseguradoras y la incapacidad para evaluar los costes de la atención sanitaria por CCM.

La adopción, que se ha efectuado en 2009, de códigos diagnósticos específicos para el CCM también mejorará la comprensión y el tratamiento de esta neoplasia cutánea frecuentemente letal.

Palabras clave:
carcinoma de células de Merkel
cáncer cutáneo
neuroendocrino
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1.]
M. Agelli, L.X. Clegg.
Epidemiology of primary Merkel cell carcinoma in the United States.
J Am Acad Dermatol, 49 (2003), pp. 832-841
[2.]
C.M. Balch, S.J. Soong, J.E. Gershenwald, J.F. Thompson, D.S. Reintgen, N. Cascinelli, et al.
Prognostic factors analysis of 17,600 melanoma patients: validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system.
J Clin Oncol, 19 (2001), pp. 3622-3634
[3.]
W. Goggins, G.H. Daniels, H. Tsao.
Elevation of thyroid cancer risk among cutaneous melanoma survivors.
Int J Cancer, 118 (2006), pp. 185-188
[4.]
M.B. Lens, M. Dawes, J.A. Newton-Bishop, T. Goodacre.
Tumour thickness as a predictor of occult lymph node metastases in patients with stage I and II melanoma undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy.
Br J Surg, 89 (2002), pp. 1223-1227
[5.]
S.G. Gupta, L.C. Wang, P.F. Peñas, M. Gellenthin, S.J. Lee, P. Nghiem.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy for evaluation and treatment of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma: The Dana-Farber experience and meta-analysis of the literature.
Arch Dermatol, 142 (2006), pp. 685-690
[6.]
B. Lemos, P. Nghiem.
Merkel cell carcinoma: more deaths but still no pathway to blame.
J Invest Dermatol, 127 (2007), pp. 2100-2103
[7.]
N.C. Hodgson.
Merkel cell carcinoma: changing incidence trends.
J Surg Oncol, 89 (2005), pp. 1-4
[8.]
Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, Sagy N, Schwartz AM, Henson DE. Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3,870 cases: a population based study. J Cutan Pathol. 2009 [in press]
[9.]
I. Penn, M.R. First.
Merkel's cell carcinoma in organ recipients: report of 41 cases.
Transplantation, 68 (1999), pp. 1717-1721
[10.]
E.A. Engels, M. Frisch, J.J. Goedert, R.J. Biggar, R.W. Miller.
Merkel cell carcinoma and HIV infection.
[11.]
M. Heath, N. Jaimes, B. Lemos, A. Mostaghimi, L.C. Wang, P.F. Peñas, et al.
Clinical characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma at diagnosis in 195 patients: the AEIOU features.
J Am Acad Dermatol, 58 (2008), pp. 375-381
[12.]
H. Feng, M. Shuda, Y. Chang, P.S. Moore.
Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma.
Science, 319 (2008), pp. 1096-1100
[13.]
A. Kassem, K. Technau, A.K. Kurz, D. Pantulu, M. Löning, G. Kayser, et al.
Merkel cell polyomavirus sequences are frequently detected in nonmelanoma skin cancer of immunosuppressed patients.
Int J Cancer, 125 (2009), pp. 356-361
[14.]
K.M. Garneski, A.H. Warcola, Q. Feng, N.B. Kiviat, J.H. Leonard, P. Nghiem.
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Is More Frequently Present in North American than Australian Merkel Cell Carcinoma Tumors.
J Invest Dermatol, 129 (2009), pp. 246-248
[15.]
K.J. Busam, A.A. Jungbluth, N. Rekthman, D. Coit, M. Pulitzer, J. Bini, et al.
Merkel cell polyomavirus expression in Merkel cell carcinomas and its absence in combined tumors and pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas.
Am J Surg Pathol, 33 (2009), pp. 1378-1385
[16.]
Y.L. Tolstov, D.V. Pastrana, H. Feng, J.C. Becker, F.J. Jenkins, S. Moschos, et al.
Human Merkel cell polyomavirus infection II. MCV is a common human infection that can be detected by conformational capsid epitope immunoassays.
Int J Cancer, 125 (2009), pp. 1250-1256
[17.]
Carter J, Paulson K, Wipf G, Miranda D, Madeleine MM, Johnson LG, et al. Antibodies to Merkel cell polyomavirus are associated with Merkel cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 [in press]
[18.]
A. Yiengpruksawan, D.G. Coit, H.T. Thaler, C. Urmacher, W.K. Knapper.
Merkel cell carcinoma. Prognosis and management.
Arch Surg, 126 (1991), pp. 1514-1519
[19.]
P.J. Allen, Z.F. Zhang, D.G. Coit.
Surgical management of Merkel cell carcinoma.
Ann Surg, 229 (1999), pp. 97-105
[20.]
P.J. Allen, W.B. Bowne, D.P. Jaques, M.F. Brennan, K. Busam, D.G. Coit.
Merkel cell carcinoma: prognosis and treatment of pa tients from a single institution.
J Clin Oncol, 23 (2005), pp. 2300-2309
[21.]
AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 6th ed. Chicago: Springer; 2002.
[22.]
J.R. Clark, M.J. Veness, R. Gilbert, C.J. O’Brien, P.J. Gullane.
Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Is adjuvant radiotherapy necessary?.
Head Neck, 29 (2007), pp. 249-257
[23.]
AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Chapter 30. 7th ed. Chicago: Springer; 2009.
[24.]
Lemos BD, Storer BE, Iyer JG, Phillips JL, Bichakjian CK, Fang LC, et al. Development of the first American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for Merkel cell carcinoma based on prognostic factors analysis of 5,823 National Cancer Data Base cases Submitted.
[25.]
V.D. Criscione, M.A. Weinstock.
Incidence of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in the United States, 1973-2002.
Arch Dermatol, 143 (2007), pp. 854-859
[26.]
S.J. Miller, M. Alam, J. Andersen, D. Berg, C.K. Bichakjian, G. Bowen, et al.
Merkel cell carcinoma.
J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 7 (2009), pp. 322-332
[27.]
K.G. Lewis, M.A. Weinstock, A.L. Weaver, C.C. Otley.
Adjuvant local irradiation for Merkel cell carcinoma.
Arch Dermatol, 142 (2006), pp. 693-700
[28.]
L. Mortier, X. Mirabel, C. Fournier, F. Piette, E. Lartigau.
Radiotherapy alone for primary Merkel cell carcinoma.
Arch Dermatol, 139 (2003), pp. 1587-1590

These authors contributed equally

Copyright © 2009. Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología
Download PDF
Idiomas
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?