Article information
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node biopsy was introduced into the management of cancer patients 20 years ago. Most hospitals now currently use the technique as a routine diagnostic tool in patients with localized malignant melanoma. However, the technique is complex and numerous details need to be determined and assessed to provide reliable diagnostic and prognostic information. In addition, the introduction of immunohistochemical and molecular techniques in the last decade has extended the information provided by the study of sentinel lymph nodes and created valuable opportunities for investigating the pathogenesis of this type of cancer. The aim of this review is to offer the reader a detailed analysis of the most important studies in the literature and the factors that should currently be considered in determining the indication for sentinel lymph node biopsy, performing the procedure correctly, and interpreting the findings in patients with malignant melanoma.
Key words:
melanoma
prognosis
sentinel lymph node
Resumen
La biopsia del ganglio centinela (BGC) en el manejo del paciente oncológico fue introducida hace casi 20 años y actualmente es ya considerada, en la mayoría de los centros hospitalarios, como una herramienta de diagnóstico de rutina para los pacientes con melanoma maligno (MM) localizado. Sin embargo la técnica es compleja, con numerosos detalles a conocer y a evaluar, ya que de ellos depende su fiabilidad diagnóstica y pronóstica. Además, en la última década, y gracias a la aplicación de técnicas inmunohistoquímicas y moleculares, la información que podemos obtener del estudio del ganglio centinela es cada vez más amplia, ofreciendo un interesante campo para la investigación de la patogenia del cáncer. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo ofrecer al lector un detallado análisis de aquellos factores y series publicadas más importantes a tener en cuenta hoy en día para la correcta indicación, realización e interpretación de los resultados de la BGC en los pacientes con MM.
Palabras clave:
melanoma
pronóstico
ganglio centinela
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