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angulated hairs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#44; blue arrow&#41;&#44; and hairs with Pohl-Pinkus or monilethrix-like constrictions &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#44; red arrow&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">What Is Your Diagnosis&#63;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alopecia areata &#40;AA&#41; in the active phase&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Trichoscopy is a simple and accessible technique for direct observation of the scalp&#44; follicular orifices&#44; and hair follicles with a dermatoscope&#44; and is used for the diagnosis&#44; follow-up&#44; and treatment monitoring of alopecia patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Characteristic features of AA are the presence of exclamation-mark hairs&#59; yellow dots&#44; which correspond to dilated follicular orifices containing keratin plugs&#59; hairs with a tapered proximal end&#59; short vellus hairs &#40;isolated or clustered&#41;&#59; zigzag hairs&#59; curved hairs&#59; and Pohl-Pinkus constrictions&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to Inui et al&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> AA severity is positively correlated with the presence of black and yellow dots&#44; negatively correlated with short vellus hairs&#44; and uncorrelated with the presence of tapered or broken hairs&#46; Those authors also proposed that AA activity is correlated positively with broken hairs&#44; black dots&#44; and tapered hairs&#44; and negatively with short vellus hairs&#46; The most specific diagnostic findings of AA revealed by trichoscopy include black dots&#44; tapered hairs&#44; and broken hairs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The main trichoscopic differential diagnosis is trichotillomania&#46; In trichotillomania it is more common to observe broken hairs of variable length&#44; tricoptilosis or split ends &#40;longitudinal fracture of the hair shaft at the distal end&#41;&#44; V sign&#44; flame hairs &#40;broken hairs with a translucent distal end&#41;&#44; and hair powder&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In cicatricial alopecia&#44; obliteration of the follicular orifices is more commonly observed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pohl-Pinkus constrictions cause progressive and irregular narrowing along the length of the hair shaft&#46; Because these constrictions tend to cause breakage of the hair shaft&#44; they are rarely observed in trichoscopy of AA &#40;2&#37; of cases&#41;&#46; Pohl-Pinkus constrictions are the result of abrupt and repeated arrest of the metabolic and mitotic activity of the hair follicle caused by an internal or external factor&#44; and are observed in many congenital and acquired chronic processes&#44; including AA&#44; chemotherapy-induced alopecia&#44; severe malnutrition&#44; interferon alfa-2c treatment&#44; and severe systemic infections&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Detection of Pohl-Pinkus constrictions in AA helps confirm the diagnosis&#44; and in some cases enables the identification of flare-ups&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Journal Information
Vol. 110. Issue 4.
Pages 315-316 (May 2019)
Vol. 110. Issue 4.
Pages 315-316 (May 2019)
Practical Dermoscopy
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Pohl-Pinkus Constrictions in Trichoscopy. What Do They Mean?
Constricciones de Pohl-Pinkus en tricoscopia. ¿Qué indican?
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A. Lobato-Berezoa,
Corresponding author
allobe@hotmail.es

Corresponding author.
, F. Olmos-Alpistea, R.M. Pujola, D. Saceda-Corralob
a Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital del Mar-Parc Salut Mar, Barcelona, España
b Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
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The patient was a 26-year-old woman with a single patch of alopecia in the right temporal region that had appeared 2 months earlier. Physical examination revealed a patch of alopecia (6.5×3 cm) with well-defined borders that responded positively in the hair-pull test (Fig. 1). Trichoscopy of one of the borders revealed the presence of exclamation-mark hairs with a thickened distal end (Fig. 2, green arrow), yellow dots (Fig. 2, yellow arrow), short vellus hairs (Fig. 2, orange arrow), angulated hairs (Fig. 2, blue arrow), and hairs with Pohl-Pinkus or monilethrix-like constrictions (Fig. 2, red arrow).

Figure 1.

Alopecic plaque in the right temporal region with well-defined borders and a positive hair-pull test result.

(0.15MB).
Figure 2.

Image of the border of the alopecic plaque acquired using a DermLite II Hybrid dermatoscope (3Gen Inc., CA, USA). Red arrows, hairs with Pohl-Pinkus or monilethrix-like constrictions; green arrows, exclamation-mark hairs with a thickened distal end; yellow arrows, yellow dots; orange arrows, short vellus hairs; blue arrow, angulated hair.

(0.06MB).

What Is Your Diagnosis?

Alopecia areata (AA) in the active phase.

Trichoscopy is a simple and accessible technique for direct observation of the scalp, follicular orifices, and hair follicles with a dermatoscope, and is used for the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment monitoring of alopecia patients.1,2

Characteristic features of AA are the presence of exclamation-mark hairs; yellow dots, which correspond to dilated follicular orifices containing keratin plugs; hairs with a tapered proximal end; short vellus hairs (isolated or clustered); zigzag hairs; curved hairs; and Pohl-Pinkus constrictions.

According to Inui et al,3 AA severity is positively correlated with the presence of black and yellow dots, negatively correlated with short vellus hairs, and uncorrelated with the presence of tapered or broken hairs. Those authors also proposed that AA activity is correlated positively with broken hairs, black dots, and tapered hairs, and negatively with short vellus hairs. The most specific diagnostic findings of AA revealed by trichoscopy include black dots, tapered hairs, and broken hairs.3 The main trichoscopic differential diagnosis is trichotillomania. In trichotillomania it is more common to observe broken hairs of variable length, tricoptilosis or split ends (longitudinal fracture of the hair shaft at the distal end), V sign, flame hairs (broken hairs with a translucent distal end), and hair powder.4 In cicatricial alopecia, obliteration of the follicular orifices is more commonly observed.5

Pohl-Pinkus constrictions cause progressive and irregular narrowing along the length of the hair shaft. Because these constrictions tend to cause breakage of the hair shaft, they are rarely observed in trichoscopy of AA (2% of cases). Pohl-Pinkus constrictions are the result of abrupt and repeated arrest of the metabolic and mitotic activity of the hair follicle caused by an internal or external factor, and are observed in many congenital and acquired chronic processes, including AA, chemotherapy-induced alopecia, severe malnutrition, interferon alfa-2c treatment, and severe systemic infections.6 Detection of Pohl-Pinkus constrictions in AA helps confirm the diagnosis, and in some cases enables the identification of flare-ups.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References
[1]
J. Seo, J.W. Lee, M.J. Choi, S. Cho, D.Y. Kim.
Serial trichoscopy vs modified hair pull test for monitoring the disease activity and treatment response of localized alopecia areata.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 31 (2017), pp. e149-e150
[2]
S. Ganjoo, D.M. Thappa.
Dermoscopic evaluation of therapeutic response to an intralesional corticosteroid in the treatment of alopecia areata.
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol, 79 (2013), pp. 408-417
[3]
S. Inui, T. Nakajima, K. Nakagawa, S. Itami.
Clinical significance of dermoscopy in alopecia areata: Analysis of 300 cases.
Int J Dermatol, 47 (2008), pp. 688-693
[4]
S. Khunkhet, V. Vachiramon, P. Suchonwanit.
Trichoscopic clues for diagnosis of alopecia areata and trichotillomania in Asians.
Int J Dermatol, 56 (2017), pp. 161-165
[5]
R. Abedini, K. Kamyab Hesari, M. Daneshpazhooh, M.S. Ansari, H.R. Tohidinik, M. Ansari.
Validity of trichoscopy in the diagnosis of primary cicatricial alopecias.
Int J Dermatol, 55 (2016), pp. 1106-1114
[6]
L. Rudnicka, A. Rakowska, M. Kerzeja, M. Olszewska.
Hair shafts in trichoscopy: Clues for diagnosis of hair and scalp diseases.
Dermatol Clin, 31 (2013), pp. 695-708

Please cite this article as: Lobato-Berezo A, Olmos-Alpiste F, Pujol RM, Saceda-Corralo D. Constricciones de Pohl-Pinkus en tricoscopia. ¿Qué indican?. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110:315–316.

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