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Vol. 101. Issue 3.
Pages 248-256 (April 2010)
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Vol. 101. Issue 3.
Pages 248-256 (April 2010)
Original Article
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Male Androgenetic Alopecia and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Case-Control Study
Alopecia androgénica masculina y factores de riesgo cardiovascular: estudio de casos y controles
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S. Arias-Santiagoa,
Corresponding author
salvadorarias@hotmail.es

Corresponding author.
, M.T. Gutiérrez-Salmeróna, L. Castellote-Caballerob, A. Buendía-Eismanc, R. Naranjo-Sintesa
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
b Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
c Departamento de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Granada, Spain
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Abstract
Background and objectives

The relationship between androgenetic alopecia and cardiovascular disease has been studied by some authors in the past, although the results of epidemiological studies have been variable. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and carotid arteriosclerosis in patients with early-onset androgenetic alopecia.

Patients and methods

Seventy men were studied, 35 with diagnosis of early-onset (before 35 years of age) androgenetic alopecia and 35 control subjects who consulted for other skin conditions. In both groups, the criteria for metabolic syndrome according to the Adult Treatment Panel-III were studied (obesity, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and blood glucose), presence of atheromatous plaques, and carotid intima-media thickness using Doppler ultrasonography. Other cardiovascular risk factors, hormones, and acute-phase reactants were also analyzed.

Results

Criteria for metabolic syndrome were met by 57.1% of the patients with androgenetic alopecia compared to 14.3% of the controls (P<.0001). Thirty-four percent of the patients with androgenetic alopecia had atheromatous plaques compared to 8.6% of the controls (P=.018). In an independent correlation analysis, abdominal obesity, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and blood glucose levels were significantly greater among patients with androgenetic alopecia. Testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin levels were similar in the 2 groups whereas insulin and aldosterone levels were higher in patients with androgenetic alopecia (P<.05).

Conclusions

The high frequency of metabolic syndrome and carotid atheromatous plaques in patients with androgenetic alopecia suggests cardiovascular screening should be done to enable early detection of individuals at risk and initiation of preventive treatment before cardiovascular disease becomes established

Keywords:
Male androgenetic alopecia
Metabolic syndrome
Carotid atheromatous plaque
Intima-media thickness
Insulin
Aldosterone
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

La relación entre la alopecia androgénica (AAG) y la enfermedad cardiovascular ha sido objeto de estudio por parte de algunos autores en las últimas décadas, y se han obtenido diferentes resultados en los distintos estudios epidemiológicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico y de la arteriosclerosis carotídea en los pacientes con AAG de inicio precoz.

Pacientes y métodos

Se han estudiado 70 pacientes varones, 35 diagnosticados de AAG de inicio precoz (antes de los 35 años) y 35 controles atendidos por otras enfermedades dermatológicas. En ambos grupos se estudiaron los criterios de síndrome metabólico que propone la ATP-III (obesidad, trigliceridemia, cHDL, presión arterial sistólica, presión arterial diastólica y glucemia), la presencia de placa de ateroma y el grosor íntimamedia carotídeo mediante ecografía Doppler. También se analizaron otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular, un estudio hormonal y de reactantes de fase aguda.

Resultados

El 57,1% de los pacientes con AAG cumple criterios de síndrome metabólico frente al 14,3% del grupo control (p<0,0001). El 34% de los pacientes con AAG presentó placa de ateroma frente al 8,6% de los controles (p=0,018). Los valores de obesidad abdominal, presión arterial sistólica, trigliceridemia y glucemia analizados de forma independiente fueron estadísticamente superiores en el grupo de pacientes con AAG. Los niveles de testosterona y de la proteína transportadora de hormonas esteroideas fueron similares en ambos grupos; sin embargo, los niveles de insulina y aldosterona resultaron ser mayores en el grupo de pacientes con AAG (p<0,05).

Conclusiones

La elevada frecuencia con la que se presenta el síndrome metabólico y la ateromatosis carotídea en los pacientes con AAG hace necesario un cribado cardiovascular para detectar precozmente a aquellos individuos en riesgo e iniciar tratamiento preventivo antes de que se establezca la enfermedad cardiovascular.

Palabras clave:
Alopecia androgénica masculina
Síndrome metabólico
Placa de ateroma carotídea
Grosor íntima-media
Insulina
Aldosterona
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Juan de Azúa Prize 2009.

Copyright © 2010. Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología and Elsevier España, S.L.
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