Case and Research Letters
Primary cutaneous small-to-medium-sized CD4+ T-cell lymphoma with a granulomatous component
Linfoma cutáneo primario T CD4+ de célula pequeña/mediana, granulomatoso
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García de la Fuente, F. Vilardell-Villellas, R.M. Martí-Laborda, J.M. Casanova-Seuma" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "M.R." "apellidos" => "García de la Fuente" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "mrgarcia_dlf@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Vilardell-Villellas" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R.M." "apellidos" => "Martí-Laborda" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "Casanova-Seuma" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lérida, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lérida, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Linfoma cutáneo primario T CD4+ de célula pequeña/mediana, granulomatoso" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1350 "Ancho" => 1800 "Tamanyo" => 704953 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical images of the lesion. A, At the first visit. B, 2 months later, with self-resolution. Histological appearance of the biopsies corresponding to the clinical images immediately above, with partial reduction of the tumor infiltrate in the second of them. C, Hematoxylin-eosin (H-E), x40. D, H-E, x400.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We describe a patient with primary cutaneous small-to-medium–sized CD4+ T-cell lymphoma, according to the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification of cutaneous lymphomas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This lymphoma, previously known as primary cutaneous small-to-medium-sized pleomorphic CD4+ T-cell lymphoma,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> has a low incidence and good prognosis. The interest in the case presented in this report derives from a substantial granulomatous component in the clinical-pathological study and the self-healing nature of the lesion. We discuss the possibility of a relationship between these 2 characteristics.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was a 32-year-old woman with no clinical history of relevance who attended the clinic in December, 2012, due to a cutaneous lesion on the right breast related to an insect bite 3 months earlier. The lesion consisted of an itchy erythematous nodule measuring 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in diameter with a smooth surface (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). Biopsy showed a dense and diffuse infiltrate that occupied the entire thickness of the dermis, composed of small and medium sized cells alongside some eosinophils (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). Epidermotropism was scarce. Abundant histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells were also observed, forming granulomatous aggregates (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>), interspersed with lymphoid proliferation. Immunohistochemistry showed CD3+ and CD4+ cells that were however negative for CD8 and CD30 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>). Molecular study of the λ chain of the T-cell receptor showed monoclonal rearrangement, and so the patient was diagnosed with primary cutaneous granulomatous small-to-medium sized CD4+ T-cell lymphoma. An extension study was conducted, including study with lymphoid subpopulations, LDH, β2-microglobulin, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography, with normal results. Surgical resection was proposed. On the day of surgery, 2 months later, the nodule had disappeared to leave a residual erythematous macule (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). Excision biopsy of the lesion showed a considerable reduction in lymphoid infiltrate, but this remained positive for CD20, CD3, and CD68, with predominance of CD4 over CD8; the infiltrate was negative for CD30. The same monoclonal pattern persisted.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient is still in follow-up in our department and is disease free after 2 years.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primary cutaneous small-to-medium-sized CD4+ T-cell lymphoma is a rare T-cell lymphoid proliferation that usually presents as a single lesion on the head or trunk and whose histology findings coincide with the case described.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> Prognosis is good, with 5-year survival of 80%, with good response to chemotherapy or surgery. In aggressive cases, with multiple lesions, polychemotherapy such as CHOP is used.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The association of cutaneous lymphoma and granuloma is rare although well known. The presence of lymphoma and granuloma in biopsy can lead to erroneous diagnosis and enable the disease to progress undetected for months.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the literature review, this phenomenon occurs most frequently in mycosis fungoides and its clinical variant granulomatous slack skin,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> but there have also been isolated reports in Sézary syndrome,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a> anaplastic CD30+ lymphoma,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> panniculitis-type T lymphoma,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> follicle center lymphoma,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and in 4 cases of primary cutaneous small-to-medium–sized CD4+ T-cell lymphoma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> A lymphoma is considered granulomatous when the granulomas occupy at least 25% of the infiltrate.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> This finding occurs in 1.8% of all cutaneous lymphomas.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is not known whether the granuloma occurs as an immune response of the host to tumor cells or is a result of cytokine release, contributing to better prognosis. Beltraminelli et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> went as far as to suggest that small granulomas could be secondary to destruction of skin appendages.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The extent to which this immune reaction could influence the prognosis of lymphoma has also not been established. Granulomatous cutaneous lymphomas normally have a slowly progressive course, although around 50% develop nodal lymphomas with a fatal outcome.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The incongruence between histological findings (pleomorphism, appendage destruction, T-cell monoclonality) and the favorable clinical outcome with a high percentage of remissions seems paradoxic. Histology and immunohistochemistry are, for the time being, not helpful in this case. The monoclonality found in the infiltrate is suggestive of a malign lymphoproliferative process but this finding is not exclusive as reactive inflammatory processes and other processes of unknown significance can also be monoclonal.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The pattern of PD-1 immuno expression, which we could not determine in our case, may have helped in the diagnosis of primary cutaneous small-to-medium-sized CD4+ T-cell lymphoma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with solitary lesions usually have an indolent course. Aggressive treatments should be avoided and these patients should be managed differently to those with multiple cutaneous lesions, in whom prognosis may not be favorable.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary, we describe a case of granulomatous primary cutaneous small-to-medium–sized CD4+ T-cell lymphoma with partial self-resolution. The lymphoma has remained in complete remission after surgical excision. Although the presence of granulomas in the histology may hinder diagnosis of the primary tumor,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> and enable its progression, in other cases it may be a true host-versus-tumor reaction and favor self-resolution.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: García de la Fuente MR, Vilardell-Villellas F, Martí-Laborda RM, Casanova-Seuma JM. Linfoma cutáneo primario T CD4+ de célula pequeña/mediana, granulomatoso. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2016;107:89–91.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1350 "Ancho" => 1800 "Tamanyo" => 704953 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical images of the lesion. A, At the first visit. B, 2 months later, with self-resolution. Histological appearance of the biopsies corresponding to the clinical images immediately above, with partial reduction of the tumor infiltrate in the second of them. C, Hematoxylin-eosin (H-E), x40. D, H-E, x400.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 750 "Ancho" => 1000 "Tamanyo" => 303499 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histological appearance. Of note is the presence of numerous multinucleated gigant cells (H-E, x200).</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1350 "Ancho" => 1800 "Tamanyo" => 1012122 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In the immunohistochemical study, of note was positivity for CD3 and CD4 in the upper images and negativity for CD8 and CD30 in the lower ones. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| 2024 October | 71 | 38 | 109 |
| 2024 September | 91 | 22 | 113 |
| 2024 August | 114 | 50 | 164 |
| 2024 July | 101 | 32 | 133 |
| 2024 June | 98 | 50 | 148 |
| 2024 May | 71 | 44 | 115 |
| 2024 April | 79 | 24 | 103 |
| 2024 March | 76 | 32 | 108 |
| 2024 February | 56 | 37 | 93 |
| 2024 January | 47 | 27 | 74 |
| 2023 December | 73 | 27 | 100 |
| 2023 November | 67 | 28 | 95 |
| 2023 October | 84 | 33 | 117 |
| 2023 September | 81 | 37 | 118 |
| 2023 August | 69 | 14 | 83 |
| 2023 July | 83 | 24 | 107 |
| 2023 June | 70 | 25 | 95 |
| 2023 May | 96 | 27 | 123 |
| 2023 April | 92 | 18 | 110 |
| 2023 March | 74 | 29 | 103 |
| 2023 February | 75 | 21 | 96 |
| 2023 January | 61 | 25 | 86 |
| 2022 December | 77 | 43 | 120 |
| 2022 November | 52 | 29 | 81 |
| 2022 October | 34 | 19 | 53 |
| 2022 September | 61 | 36 | 97 |
| 2022 August | 71 | 39 | 110 |
| 2022 July | 58 | 26 | 84 |
| 2022 June | 44 | 25 | 69 |
| 2022 May | 125 | 58 | 183 |
| 2022 April | 128 | 49 | 177 |
| 2022 March | 183 | 55 | 238 |
| 2022 February | 135 | 31 | 166 |
| 2022 January | 182 | 45 | 227 |
| 2021 December | 122 | 59 | 181 |
| 2021 November | 84 | 46 | 130 |
| 2021 October | 86 | 50 | 136 |
| 2021 September | 80 | 43 | 123 |
| 2021 August | 74 | 26 | 100 |
| 2021 July | 64 | 28 | 92 |
| 2021 June | 47 | 34 | 81 |
| 2021 May | 39 | 28 | 67 |
| 2021 April | 132 | 36 | 168 |
| 2021 March | 96 | 26 | 122 |
| 2021 February | 78 | 27 | 105 |
| 2021 January | 61 | 15 | 76 |
| 2020 December | 44 | 14 | 58 |
| 2020 November | 37 | 23 | 60 |
| 2020 October | 47 | 5 | 52 |
| 2020 September | 40 | 16 | 56 |
| 2020 August | 28 | 15 | 43 |
| 2020 July | 27 | 15 | 42 |
| 2020 June | 45 | 28 | 73 |
| 2020 May | 27 | 23 | 50 |
| 2020 April | 36 | 14 | 50 |
| 2020 March | 28 | 15 | 43 |
| 2020 February | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2020 January | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2019 December | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 October | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 2019 September | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2019 June | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 May | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2019 April | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2019 March | 2 | 6 | 8 |
| 2019 January | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2018 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 November | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 October | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2018 September | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| 2018 May | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 March | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2018 February | 124 | 1 | 125 |
| 2018 January | 64 | 7 | 71 |
| 2017 December | 117 | 6 | 123 |
| 2017 November | 52 | 10 | 62 |
| 2017 October | 47 | 8 | 55 |
| 2017 September | 39 | 3 | 42 |
| 2017 August | 28 | 25 | 53 |
| 2017 July | 36 | 9 | 45 |
| 2017 June | 35 | 8 | 43 |
| 2017 May | 43 | 12 | 55 |
| 2017 April | 21 | 14 | 35 |
| 2017 March | 13 | 14 | 27 |
| 2017 February | 29 | 9 | 38 |
| 2017 January | 17 | 5 | 22 |
| 2016 December | 30 | 18 | 48 |
| 2016 November | 34 | 20 | 54 |
| 2016 October | 29 | 18 | 47 |
| 2016 September | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2016 July | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2016 June | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2016 May | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2016 April | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2016 February | 0 | 11 | 11 |
| 2016 January | 0 | 2 | 2 |
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