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Un reciente estudio europeo que incluy&#243; una amplia cohorte para el dise&#241;o &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;666&#41; y validaci&#243;n &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;227&#41; de un nomograma predictivo de afectaci&#243;n del GC en melanomas con IBr &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm mostr&#243; que la edad&#44; el IBr&#44; el IM &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; la presencia de ulceraci&#243;n&#44; la invasi&#243;n linfovascular y la regresi&#243;n &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75&#37; eran factores predictivos significativamente asociados&#46; El nomograma resultante discriminaba mejor que las recomendaciones internacionales actuales a qu&#233; pacientes con melanomas delgados someter a BSGC&#44; y mostraba que a mayor n&#250;mero de mitosis&#44; mayor probabilidad de afectaci&#243;n del GC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Basados en estos estudios&#44; recomendamos evaluar rigurosamente a pacientes con melanomas delgados e IM elevados&#44; siempre considerando la realizaci&#243;n de BSGC&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El valor del IM no se limita a melanomas delgados&#58; un estudio italiano con 1&#46;524 pacientes con melanoma &#40;IBr &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; encontr&#243; una asociaci&#243;n significativa entre el IM y la afectaci&#243;n del GC&#46; Un IM &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> se asociaba a una peor SLE &#40;HR 1&#44;82&#59; IC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;02-3&#44;24&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;043&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Resultados similares se obtuvieron en un estudio canadiense &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;072&#41;&#58; un IM &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> se asoci&#243; a GC positivo solo en melanomas con IBr 1&#44;01 a 2&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Un estudio espa&#241;ol en 141 individuos &#40;IBr promedio&#58; 2&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; encontr&#243; que &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> se asociaron a menores SLE y supervivencia global<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; En un estudio &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>128&#41; que intentaba explicar la parad&#243;jica peor supervivencia de los melanoma IIC frente a los IIIA encontr&#243; que una edad &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os y un IM &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> eran factores predictores independientes de supervivencia global&#46; Los autores sugieren que estos melanomas ser&#237;an biol&#243;gicamente distintos y que el IM debe ser considerado en este subgrupo de tumores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Un amplio estudio norteamericano con 71&#46;235 pacientes con melanoma que utiliz&#243; 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>puntos de corte para eI IM &#40;0-3&#44; 4-10 y &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 mitosis &#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; encontr&#243; una asociaci&#243;n lineal entre el IM y la supervivencia espec&#237;fica por enfermedad &#40;SEE&#41; en los estadios<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I&#44; II y III&#46; En el estadio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I la SEE a 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os disminuy&#243; del 98&#44;3&#37; &#40;0-3 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; al 79&#44;7&#37; &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 mitosis&#41;&#59; en los estadios<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II disminuy&#243; del 86&#44;1&#37; &#40;0-3 mitosis&#41; al 72&#44;9&#37; &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#44; y en los estadios<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>III&#44; del 72&#44;5&#37; &#40;0-3 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; al 49&#44;7&#37; &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#46; El riesgo de mortalidad aument&#243; el 23&#37; por cada mitosis en estadio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I&#44; el 5&#37; en estadio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II y el 3&#37; en estadio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>III&#46; Los estadios<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I con &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> presentaban casi 7 veces mayor riesgo de mortalidad que aquellos con 0-3 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; En cuanto a la poblaci&#243;n infantil y adolescente&#44; en un reciente estudio australiano en menores de 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>156&#44; mediana de IBr 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; el IM fue un factor pron&#243;stico superior al IBr&#44; y el &#250;nico factor pron&#243;stico independiente de supervivencia libre de recurrencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El IM es un factor pron&#243;stico importante en el melanoma&#46; Recomendamos individualizar el manejo de pacientes con alto IM&#58; considerar la realizaci&#243;n de BSGC en individuos con melanomas delgados&#44; y estudios de extensi&#243;n y seguimiento m&#225;s estrecho en los casos con melanomas con IBr &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; es necesario optimizar los procedimientos diagn&#243;sticos para aumentar la reproductibilidad del IM&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Declaramos no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">GC&#58; ganglio centinela&#59; IM&#58; &#237;ndice mit&#243;tico&#59; SLE&#58; supervivencia libre de enfermedad&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">En melanomas con &#237;ndice de Breslow &#60;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1 mm</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Un IM &#62; 2 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> ser&#237;a el &#250;nico factor de riesgo de GC positivo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asociaci&#243;n lineal entre el n&#250;mero de mitosis y el riesgo de GC positivo &#40;riesgo de 5&#44;4&#37; con 0 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; 21&#44;8&#37; con 5 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; 38&#44;3&#37; con 10 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Melanomas T1a con IM &#62; 2 mitosis mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> tienen un riesgo de GC positivo mayor que los T1b &#40;20&#37; versus 8&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Menor SLE a 3 a&#241;os si IM &#62; 3 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Los pacientes con<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;10 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> presentaban casi 7 veces mayor riesgo de mortalidad que aquellos con 0-3 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>El riesgo de mortalidad aument&#243; un 23&#37; por cada mitosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">En melanomas con &#205;ndice de Breslow</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#62;1mm</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>El IM predice la positividad del GC &#40;un 34&#44;4&#37; de los pacientes con mitosis presentaban GC positivo versus un 12&#44;8&#37; de los sin mitosis&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Un IM &#8805; 3 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> se asocia a una significativamente menor SLE y supervivencia global<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Un alto IM ayudar&#237;a a explicar la peor sobrevida de los melanomas estadio IIC frente a los IIIA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Existe una asociaci&#243;n lineal entre el IM y la SLE al utilizar puntos de corte de 0-3&#44; 4-10 y &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>El riesgo de mortalidad aument&#243; el 5&#37; por cada mitosis en el estadio II y el 3&#37; en el estadio III<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">En otro estudio con un n&#250;mero menor de pacientes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>141&#41;&#44; un IM &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> se asoci&#243; a una significativamente menor SLE y supervivencia global&#46;</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#205;ndice mit&#243;tico como factor pron&#243;stico en el melanoma</p>"
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                      "titulo" => "A retrospective&#44; multicenter analysis of the predictive value of mitotic rate for sentinel lymph node &#40;SLN&#41; positivity in thin melanomas"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Wat"
                            1 => "A&#46; Senthilselvan"
                            2 => "T&#46;G&#46; Salopek"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaad.2015.09.014"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "74"
                        "paginaInicial" => "94"
                        "paginaFinal" => "101"
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542815"
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            1 => array:3 [
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mitotic rate in primary melanoma&#58; Interobserver and intraobserver reliability&#44; analyzed using H&#38;E sections and immunohistochemistry"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Garbe"
                            1 => "T&#46;K&#46; Eigentler"
                            2 => "J&#46; Bauer"
                            3 => "N&#46; Bl&#246;dorn-Schlicht"
                            4 => "L&#46; Cerroni"
                            5 => "F&#46; Fend"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/ddg.12797_g"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Dtsch Dermatol Ges&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "910"
                        "paginaFinal" => "915"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27607034"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Survival analysis and sentinel lymph node status in thin cutaneous melanoma&#58; A multicenter observational study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Tejera-Vaquerizo"
                            1 => "S&#46; Ribero"
                            2 => "S&#46; Puig"
                            3 => "A&#46; Boada"
                            4 => "S&#46; Paradela"
                            5 => "D&#46; Moreno-Ram&#237;rez"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/cam4.2358"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "4235"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4244"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31215168"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
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                    ]
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                ]
              ]
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            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Survival of patients with early invasive melanoma down-staged under the new eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46;A&#46; Von Schuckmann"
                            1 => "M&#46;C&#46;B&#46; Hughes"
                            2 => "R&#46; Lee"
                            3 => "P&#46; Lorigan"
                            4 => "K&#46; Khosrotehrani"
                            5 => "B&#46;M&#46; Smithers"
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "272"
                        "paginaFinal" => "274"
                      ]
                    ]
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mitotic rate is associated with positive lymph nodes in patients with thin melanomas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Wheless"
                            1 => "C&#46;A&#46; Isom"
                            2 => "M&#46;A&#46; Hooks"
                            3 => "R&#46;M&#46; Kauffmann"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaad.2017.11.041"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "78"
                        "paginaInicial" => "935"
                        "paginaFinal" => "941"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29198779"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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                ]
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              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Factors affecting sentinel node metastasis in thin &#40;T1&#41; cutaneous melanomas&#58; Development and external validation of a predictive nomogram"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Maurichi"
                            1 => "R&#46; Miceli"
                            2 => "H&#46; Eriksson"
                            3 => "J&#46; Newton-Bishop"
                            4 => "J&#46; Nsengimana"
                            5 => "M&#46; Chan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1200/JCO.19.01902"
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Oncol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23897962"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
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              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mitotic rate correlates with sentinel lymph node status and outcome in cutaneous melanoma greater than 1 millimeter in thickness&#58; A multi-institutional study of 1524 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Mandal&#224;"
                            1 => "F&#46; Galli"
                            2 => "L&#46; Cattaneo"
                            3 => "B&#46; Merelli"
                            4 => "E&#46; Rulli"
                            5 => "S&#46; Ribero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaad.2016.08.066"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "76"
                        "paginaInicial" => "264"
                        "paginaFinal" => "273&#46;e2"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27847125"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
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Carta científico-clínica
El índice mitótico como factor pronóstico y sus implicancias en el manejo del melanoma
Mitotic Rate as a Prognostic Factor in Melanoma: Implications for Disease Management
M.C. Boisa, D. Morgado-Carrascob,
Corresponding author
morgadodaniel8@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, P.J. Barbac, S. Puigb,d
a Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
b Departamento de Dermatología, Melanoma Group IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
c Departamento de Dermatología, HIGA Prof. Dr. Rodolfo Rossi, La Plata, Argentina
d Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, España
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        "titulo" => "Mitotic Rate as a Prognostic Factor in Melanoma&#58; Implications for Disease Management"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La afectaci&#243;n del ganglio centinela &#40;GC&#41; es el factor pron&#243;stico m&#225;s importante en el melanoma no metast&#225;sico&#46; Factores predictores de afectaci&#243;n ganglionar son el &#237;ndice de Breslow &#40;IBr&#41;&#44; la ulceraci&#243;n y el &#237;ndice mit&#243;tico &#40;IM&#41;&#44; entre otros<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La octava edici&#243;n de estadificaci&#243;n del melanoma del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">American Joint Committee on Cancer</span> &#40;AJCC-8&#41; desestim&#243; al IM como factor predictor por su baja reproductibilidad&#44; con baja correlaci&#243;n intra e interobservador<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; En cambio&#44; la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">National Comprehensive Cancer Network</span> &#40;versi&#243;n 1&#46;2018&#41; sugiere considerar la realizaci&#243;n de BSGC en melanomas T1a &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; no ulcerados&#41; con &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; especialmente en pacientes j&#243;venes&#46; Existe abundante evidencia del IM como predictor de GC positivo <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#41;</span>&#46; En melanomas delgados&#44; un estudio europeo multic&#233;ntrico &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;249&#44; IBr &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; encontr&#243; que el GC positivo era el factor pron&#243;stico m&#225;s importante&#44; y que un IM &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> era el &#250;nico factor predictor de GC positivo&#46; Los T1a presentaban globalmente un riesgo de GC positivo del 3&#44;4&#37; &#40;1&#44;2&#37; si el IM<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#44; pero aumentaba a 20&#37; en IM &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; superando a los T1b &#40;riesgo del 8&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; En pacientes reclasificados a T1a seg&#250;n la AJCC-8 la supervivencia libre de enfermedad &#40;SLE&#41; a 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os fue del 95&#37;&#59; sin embargo&#44; con un IM &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> era del 80&#37;&#44; porcentaje significativamente menor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Un estudio norteamericano con 17&#46;204 pacientes con melanoma &#40;IBr 0&#44;01-1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; encontr&#243; una relaci&#243;n lineal entre el IM y la afectaci&#243;n del GC&#46; Tras ajustar por factores pron&#243;sticos conocidos&#44; aquellos con IM &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> ten&#237;an el doble de probabilidad de GC positivo que los &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46; Con 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> el riesgo de GC positivo era del 7&#44;9&#37;&#44; pero con 5 o &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> aumentaba al 21&#44;8 y al 44&#44;5&#37;&#44; respectivamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Un reciente estudio europeo que incluy&#243; una amplia cohorte para el dise&#241;o &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;666&#41; y validaci&#243;n &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;227&#41; de un nomograma predictivo de afectaci&#243;n del GC en melanomas con IBr &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm mostr&#243; que la edad&#44; el IBr&#44; el IM &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; la presencia de ulceraci&#243;n&#44; la invasi&#243;n linfovascular y la regresi&#243;n &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75&#37; eran factores predictivos significativamente asociados&#46; El nomograma resultante discriminaba mejor que las recomendaciones internacionales actuales a qu&#233; pacientes con melanomas delgados someter a BSGC&#44; y mostraba que a mayor n&#250;mero de mitosis&#44; mayor probabilidad de afectaci&#243;n del GC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Basados en estos estudios&#44; recomendamos evaluar rigurosamente a pacientes con melanomas delgados e IM elevados&#44; siempre considerando la realizaci&#243;n de BSGC&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El valor del IM no se limita a melanomas delgados&#58; un estudio italiano con 1&#46;524 pacientes con melanoma &#40;IBr &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; encontr&#243; una asociaci&#243;n significativa entre el IM y la afectaci&#243;n del GC&#46; Un IM &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> se asociaba a una peor SLE &#40;HR 1&#44;82&#59; IC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;02-3&#44;24&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;043&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Resultados similares se obtuvieron en un estudio canadiense &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;072&#41;&#58; un IM &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> se asoci&#243; a GC positivo solo en melanomas con IBr 1&#44;01 a 2&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Un estudio espa&#241;ol en 141 individuos &#40;IBr promedio&#58; 2&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; encontr&#243; que &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> se asociaron a menores SLE y supervivencia global<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; En un estudio &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>128&#41; que intentaba explicar la parad&#243;jica peor supervivencia de los melanoma IIC frente a los IIIA encontr&#243; que una edad &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os y un IM &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> eran factores predictores independientes de supervivencia global&#46; Los autores sugieren que estos melanomas ser&#237;an biol&#243;gicamente distintos y que el IM debe ser considerado en este subgrupo de tumores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Un amplio estudio norteamericano con 71&#46;235 pacientes con melanoma que utiliz&#243; 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>puntos de corte para eI IM &#40;0-3&#44; 4-10 y &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 mitosis &#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; encontr&#243; una asociaci&#243;n lineal entre el IM y la supervivencia espec&#237;fica por enfermedad &#40;SEE&#41; en los estadios<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I&#44; II y III&#46; En el estadio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I la SEE a 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os disminuy&#243; del 98&#44;3&#37; &#40;0-3 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; al 79&#44;7&#37; &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 mitosis&#41;&#59; en los estadios<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II disminuy&#243; del 86&#44;1&#37; &#40;0-3 mitosis&#41; al 72&#44;9&#37; &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#44; y en los estadios<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>III&#44; del 72&#44;5&#37; &#40;0-3 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; al 49&#44;7&#37; &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#46; El riesgo de mortalidad aument&#243; el 23&#37; por cada mitosis en estadio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I&#44; el 5&#37; en estadio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II y el 3&#37; en estadio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>III&#46; Los estadios<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I con &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> presentaban casi 7 veces mayor riesgo de mortalidad que aquellos con 0-3 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; En cuanto a la poblaci&#243;n infantil y adolescente&#44; en un reciente estudio australiano en menores de 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>156&#44; mediana de IBr 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; el IM fue un factor pron&#243;stico superior al IBr&#44; y el &#250;nico factor pron&#243;stico independiente de supervivencia libre de recurrencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El IM es un factor pron&#243;stico importante en el melanoma&#46; Recomendamos individualizar el manejo de pacientes con alto IM&#58; considerar la realizaci&#243;n de BSGC en individuos con melanomas delgados&#44; y estudios de extensi&#243;n y seguimiento m&#225;s estrecho en los casos con melanomas con IBr &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; es necesario optimizar los procedimientos diagn&#243;sticos para aumentar la reproductibilidad del IM&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Declaramos no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">GC&#58; ganglio centinela&#59; IM&#58; &#237;ndice mit&#243;tico&#59; SLE&#58; supervivencia libre de enfermedad&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">En melanomas con &#237;ndice de Breslow &#60;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1 mm</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Un IM &#62; 2 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> ser&#237;a el &#250;nico factor de riesgo de GC positivo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asociaci&#243;n lineal entre el n&#250;mero de mitosis y el riesgo de GC positivo &#40;riesgo de 5&#44;4&#37; con 0 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; 21&#44;8&#37; con 5 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; 38&#44;3&#37; con 10 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Melanomas T1a con IM &#62; 2 mitosis mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> tienen un riesgo de GC positivo mayor que los T1b &#40;20&#37; versus 8&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Menor SLE a 3 a&#241;os si IM &#62; 3 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Los pacientes con<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;10 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> presentaban casi 7 veces mayor riesgo de mortalidad que aquellos con 0-3 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>El riesgo de mortalidad aument&#243; un 23&#37; por cada mitosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">En melanomas con &#205;ndice de Breslow</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#62;1mm</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>El IM predice la positividad del GC &#40;un 34&#44;4&#37; de los pacientes con mitosis presentaban GC positivo versus un 12&#44;8&#37; de los sin mitosis&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Un IM &#8805; 3 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> se asocia a una significativamente menor SLE y supervivencia global<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Un alto IM ayudar&#237;a a explicar la peor sobrevida de los melanomas estadio IIC frente a los IIIA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Existe una asociaci&#243;n lineal entre el IM y la SLE al utilizar puntos de corte de 0-3&#44; 4-10 y &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>El riesgo de mortalidad aument&#243; el 5&#37; por cada mitosis en el estadio II y el 3&#37; en el estadio III<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">En otro estudio con un n&#250;mero menor de pacientes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>141&#41;&#44; un IM &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 mitosis&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> se asoci&#243; a una significativamente menor SLE y supervivencia global&#46;</p>"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A retrospective&#44; multicenter analysis of the predictive value of mitotic rate for sentinel lymph node &#40;SLN&#41; positivity in thin melanomas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Wat"
                            1 => "A&#46; Senthilselvan"
                            2 => "T&#46;G&#46; Salopek"
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaad.2015.09.014"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "74"
                        "paginaInicial" => "94"
                        "paginaFinal" => "101"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542815"
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              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mitotic rate in primary melanoma&#58; Interobserver and intraobserver reliability&#44; analyzed using H&#38;E sections and immunohistochemistry"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Garbe"
                            1 => "T&#46;K&#46; Eigentler"
                            2 => "J&#46; Bauer"
                            3 => "N&#46; Bl&#246;dorn-Schlicht"
                            4 => "L&#46; Cerroni"
                            5 => "F&#46; Fend"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/ddg.12797_g"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Dtsch Dermatol Ges&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "910"
                        "paginaFinal" => "915"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27607034"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Survival analysis and sentinel lymph node status in thin cutaneous melanoma&#58; A multicenter observational study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Tejera-Vaquerizo"
                            1 => "S&#46; Ribero"
                            2 => "S&#46; Puig"
                            3 => "A&#46; Boada"
                            4 => "S&#46; Paradela"
                            5 => "D&#46; Moreno-Ram&#237;rez"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/cam4.2358"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer Med&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "4235"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4244"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31215168"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Survival of patients with early invasive melanoma down-staged under the new eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46;A&#46; Von Schuckmann"
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ISSN: 00017310
Original language: Spanish
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