Información del artículo
Abstract
Smoking is the main modifiable cause of disease and death in the developed world. Tobacco consumption is directly linked to cardiovascular disease, chronic bronchitis, and many malignant diseases. Tobacco also has many cutaneous effects, most of which are harmful. Smoking is closely associated with several dermatologic diseases such as psoriasis, pustulosis palmoplantaris, hidrosadenitis suppurativa, and systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus, as well as cancers such as those of the lip, oral cavity, and anogenital region. A more debatable relationship exists with melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, basal cell carcinoma, and acne. In contrast, smoking seems to protect against mouth sores, rosacea, labial herpes simplex, pemphigus vulgaris, and dermatitis herpetiformis. In addition to the influence of smoking on dermatologic diseases, tobacco consumption is also directly responsible for certain dermatoses such as nicotine stomatitis, black hairy tongue, periodontal disease, and some types of urticaria and contact dermatitis. Furthermore, we should not forget that smoking has cosmetic repercussions such as yellow fingers and fingernails, changes in tooth color, taste and smell disorders, halitosis and hypersalivation, and early development of facial wrinkles.
Key words:
tobacco
smoking
skin
aging
Resumen
El hábito de fumar constituye la principal causa evitable de enfermedad y muerte en el mundo occidental. Su consumo se relaciona directamente con enfermedades cardiovasculares, bronquitis crónica y numerosos procesos neoplásicos. El tabaco ejerce asimismo múltiples y diversos efectos sobre la piel, la mayor parte de ellos nocivos. En este sentido, el hábito de fumar se halla estrechamente relacionado con numerosas enfermedades dermatológicas como la psoriasis, la pustulosis palmoplantar, la hidrosadenitis supurativa, el lupus eritematoso sistémico y discoide, así como con procesos neoplásicos del labio, de la cavidad oral y de la región anogenital, entre otros. Existe una relación controvertida con el melanoma, el carcinoma escamoso de la piel, el carcinoma basocelular y el acné. Por otra parte, este hábito parece que ejercería un efecto protector frente al desarrollo de las aftas orales, de la rosácea, del herpes simple labial, del pénfigo vulgar y de la dermatitis herpetiforme. Aparte de la influencia que el hábito de fumar ejerce sobre las enfermedades dermatológicas, el consumo de tabaco es también responsable directo de distintas dermatosis como la estomatitis nicotínica, la lengua negra vellosa, la enfermedad periodontal, así como de algunos tipos de urticaria y de dermatitis de contacto. Además, no hay que olvidar la repercusión cosmética de este hábito, que conlleva una pigmentación amarilla de los dedos y de las uñas, una alteración del color normal de los dientes, una disminución del gusto y del olfato, halitosis e hipersalivación y un desarrollo precoz de arrugas faciales.
Palabras clave:
tabaco
fumar
piel
envejecimiento
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