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Vol. 100. Núm. 2.
Páginas 142-146 (marzo 2009)
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Vol. 100. Núm. 2.
Páginas 142-146 (marzo 2009)
Case report
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Methotrexate-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorder Presenting As Oral Ulcers in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Úlceras Orales Como Manifestación Clínica de Proceso Linfoproliferativo Asociado a Metotrexato en una Paciente con Artritis Reumatoide
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M.A. Pastor-Nietoa,
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tonales@terra.es

Correspondence: Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General, Universitario de Guadalajara, C/ Donante de Sangre s/n, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain.
, L.G. Kilmurrayb, A. López-Chumillasb, F. O’Vallec, R. García-Del Moralc, A.M. Puigb, P. Bautistaa
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Guadalajara, Spain
b Hospital Santa Bárbara, Puertollano, Ciudad Real, Spain
c Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa and Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Abstract

Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid proliferations or lymphomas that develop in patients with autoimmune diseases treated using methotrexate. These lymphoproliferative disorders are often associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection and occasionally regress after the withdrawal of methotrexate therapy. The lymphoproliferative disorder in this case was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, unusually presenting as oral ulcers in a 79-year-old woman on treatment with methotrexate for longstanding rheumatoid arthritis. Latent membrane protein 1 positivity was detected by immunohistochemistry and Epstein-Barr-virus encoded small RNA positivity by chromogenic in situ hybridization. Clonality was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (K light-chain restriction), polymerase chain reaction (monoclonal immunoglobulin H gene rearrangement), and capillary electrophoresis (GeneScan). Staging procedures were negative. Withdrawal of methotrexate therapy led to complete remission within 6 weeks, and the patient is alive and disease-free 18 months after the diagnosis was made. The oral cavity is not often involved in the initial presentation of methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, and presentation with intraoral ulcers is very rare. We have performed a review of the literature on methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders presenting as ulcers in the oral cavity.

Key words:
oral ulcers
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
methotrexate
Epstein-Barr virus
rheumatoid arthritis
Resumen

Los procesos linfoproliferativos asociados a metotrexato son un grupo heterogéneo de proliferaciones linfoides o linfomas que se desarrollan en pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes tratados con metotrexato. Con frecuencia, se asocian a infección por el virus de Epstein-Barr (VEB) y, ocasionalmente, involucionan al suspender el metotrexato.

Se presenta un caso de proceso linfoproliferativo tipo linfoma B difuso de célula grande, con una presentación clínica inusual de úlceras orales, afectando a una paciente de 79 años, con artritis reumatoide de larga evolución en tratamiento con metotrexato. Se detectó positividad para LMP-1 (proteína latente de membrana-1) y EBER (Epstein-Barr encoded RNA) por inmunohistoquímica e hibridación in situ cromogénica, respectivamente. Se confirmó la clonalidad del infiltrado por inmunohistoquímica (restricción de cadenas ligeras κ), PCR (reordenamiento monoclonal del gen IgH) y electroforesis capilar (GeneScan). El estudio de extensión fue negativo. La suspensión del metotrexato condujo a la remisión completa en 6 semanas. Dieciocho meses después del diagnóstico la paciente continúa libre de enfermedad.

Los procesos linfoproliferativos asociados a metotrexato raramente afectan primariamente a la cavidad oral y, sólo excepcionalmente, se manifiestan en forma de úlceras. Se revisa la literatura relativa a procesos linfoproliferativos asociados a metotrexato con presentación clínica de úlceras orales.

Palabras clave:
úlceras orales
linfoma B difuso de células grandes
metotrexato
virus de Epstein-Barr
artritis reumatoide
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Copyright © 2009. Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología and Elsevier España, S.L.
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