Información de la revista
Vol. 101. Núm. S1.
Experiencia clínica con etanercept. Nuevas perspectivas en la psoriasis y otras áreas de inflamación
Páginas 82-87 (mayo 2010)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
English PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 101. Núm. S1.
Experiencia clínica con etanercept. Nuevas perspectivas en la psoriasis y otras áreas de inflamación
Páginas 82-87 (mayo 2010)
Acceso a texto completo
Etanercept e infección crónica por los virus de la hepatitis C y B
Etanercept and chronic infection by HCV and HBV
Visitas
5693
X. Bordas
Autor para correspondencia
xbordas@bellvitgehospital.cat

Autor para correspondencia.
, S. Martín-Sala
Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital de Bellvitge. Barcelona. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen

Tanto la psoriasis como las infecciones crónicas por los virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) y C (VHC) tienen una alta prevalencia, por tanto la coincidencia en un mismo paciente es relativamente fácil. Si se trata de una psoriasis que requiere tratamiento sistémico el dermatólogo deberá considerar la comorbilidad hepática a la hora de seleccionar un tratamiento adecuado. Ciclosporina, además de otros efectos adversos bien conocidos, es un agente inmunosupresor que puede condicionar una peor evolución de la hepatitis vírica. Por otra parte, los retinoides, psoralenos y, sobre todo, metotrexato pueden empeorar la función hepática. Los agentes biológicos anti-factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α) no son hepatotóxicos, y su teórica contraindicación en este contexto vendría dada por su acción sobre la respuesta inmune y el eventual riesgo de reactivación de la infección hepática. Sin embargo, diversos estudios han demostrado que ni la carga viral ni los parámetros de inflamación hepática suelen modificarse negativamente cuando se utilizan en hepatitis por el VHC. Su uso en este contexto, con una correcta monitorización, parece por tanto muy razonable. En cambio, en la hepatitis crónica por el VHB, sí existen casos de agravamiento, incluso con desenlace fatal en alguna ocasión, y el uso de estos agentes biológicos debe reservarse para casos de mayor necesidad, siempre asociados a tratamiento antiviral y monitorización estricta. La revisión de la literatura reciente parece permitir la conclusión de que el uso concomitante de lamivudina reduciría mucho el riesgo de reactivación viral y, con esta condición, puede también contemplarse el uso de etanercept en ciertos pacientes positivos para el VHB.

Palabras clave:
Agentes anti-TNF-α
Etanercept
Hepatitis VHB
Hepatitis VHC
Abstract

Both psoriasis and chronic infections by HBV and HCV have high prevalence. Thus, it is relatively easy for them to coincide in the same patient. If the psoriasis requires systemic treatment, the dermatologist should consider the hepatic comorbidity when selecting an appropriate treatment. Cyclosporine, in addition to other well-known side effects, is an immunosuppressant that may condition worse evolution of the viral hepatitis. On the other hand, retinoids, psoralens and, above all, methotrexate may worsen the liver function. The anti-TNF-α biological agents are not hepatotoxic and their theoretical contraindication in this context would be because of their action on the immune response and risk of reactivation of the hepatic infection. However, several studies have demonstrated that neither the viral load nor the hepatic inflammation parameters are generally modified negatively when they are used in hepatitis due to HCV. Their use in this context, with correct monitoring, seems, therefore, very reasonable. On the contrary, in chronic hepatitis B virus, there are cases of worsening, even with fatal outcome in some cases, and the use of these biological agents should be reserved for cases having greater need, and always be associated to antiviral treatment and strict monitoring. The review of the recent literature seems to allow the conclusion that the concomitant use of lamivudine would greatly reduce the risk of viral reactivation and, with this condition, the use of etanercept in some HBV + patients may also be contemplated.

Keywords:
Anti-TNF-α agents
Etanercept
Hepatitis HBV
Hepatitis HCV
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
S. Domm, J. Cinatl, U. Mrowietz.
The impact of treatment with tumour necrosis factor-alpha antagonists on the course of chronic viral infections: a review of the literature.
Br J Dermatol, 159 (2008), pp. 1217-1228
[2.]
F.V. Chisari.
Cytotoxic T cells and viral hepatitis.
J Clin Invest, 99 (1997), pp. 1472
[3.]
D.R. Milich.
Influence of T-helper cell subsets and crossregulation in hepatitis B virus infection.
J Viral Hepatitis, 4 (1997), pp. 48
[4.]
M. Esteve, C. Saro, F. González-Huix, F. Suárez, M. Forné, J.M. Viver.
Chronic hepatitis B reactivation following infliximab therapy in Crohn's disease patients: need for primary prophylaxis.
Gut, 53 (2004), pp. 1363-1365
[5.]
P. Ostuni, C. Botsios, L. Punzi, P. Sfriso, S. todesco.
Hepatitis B reactivation in a chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carrier with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab and low dose methotrexate.
Ann Rheum Dis, 62 (2003), pp. 686-687
[6.]
M. Michel, C. Duvoux, C. Hezode, D. Cherqui.
Fulminant hepatitis after infliximab in a patient with hepatitis B virus treated for an adult onset Still's disease.
J Rheumatol, 30 (2003), pp. 1624-1625
[7.]
G. Millonig, M. Kern, O. Ludwiczek, K. Nachbaur, W. Vogel.
Subfulminant hepatitis B after infliximab in Crohn's disease: need for HBV-screening?.
World J Gastroenterol, 12 (2006), pp. 974-976
[8.]
P.M. Montiel, J.A. Solis, J.A. Chirinos, B. a Casis, F. Sánchez, S. Rodríguez.
Hepatitis B virus reactivation during therapy with etanercept in an HBsAg-negative and anti-HBs-positive patient.
[9.]
A. Ohta, M. Sekimoto, M. Sato, T. Koda, S. Nishimura, Y. Iwakura, et al.
Indispensable role for TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma at the effector phase of liver injury mediated by Th1 cells specific to hepatitis B virus surface antigen.
J Immunol, 165 (2000), pp. 956-961
[10.]
D.R. Nelson, H.L. Lim, C.G. Marousis, J.W. Fang, G.L. Davis, L. Shen, et al.
Activation of tumor necrosis factor alpha system in chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
Dig Dis Sci, 42 (1997), pp. 2487-2494
[11.]
B. Kallinowski, K. Haseroth, G. Marinos, C. Hanck, W. Stremmel, L. Theilmann, et al.
Induction of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor type p55 and p75 in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
Clin Exp Immunol, 111 (1998), pp. 269-277
[12.]
H. Zylberberg, A.C. Rimaniol, S. Pol, A. Masson, D. De Groote, P. Berthe lot, et al.
Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in chronic hepatitis C: a correlation with histological fibrosis and activity.
J Hepatol, 30 (1999), pp. 185-191
[13.]
L.H. Calabrese, N. Zein, D. Vassilopoulos.
Safety of antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy in patients with chronic viral infections: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV infection.
Ann Rheum Dis, 63 (2004), pp. ii18-24
[14.]
G. Marinos, N.V. Naoumov, S. Rossol, F. Torre, P.Y. Wong, H. Gallati, et al.
Tumor necrosis factor receptors in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
Gastroenterology, 108 (1995), pp. 1453-1463
[15.]
C.H. Smith, A.V. Anstey, J.N. Barker, A.D. Burden, R.J. Chalmers, D. Chandler, et al.
British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for use of biological interventions in psoriasis 2005.
Br J Dermatol, 153 (2005), pp. 486-497
[16.]
S. Kakumu, A. Okumura, T. Ishikawa, M. Yano, A. Enomoto, H. Nishimura, et al.
Serum levels of IL-10, IL-15 and soluble tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) receptors in type C chronic liver disease.
Clin Exp Immun, 109 (1997), pp. 458-463
[17.]
R. Fukuda, N. Ishimura, S. Ishihara, A. Chowdhury, N. Morlyama, C. Nogami, et al.
Intrahepatic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs and interferon efficacy in chronic hepatitis C.
Liver, 16 (1996), pp. 390-399
[18.]
N.N. Zein.
Etanercept as an adjuvant to interferon and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
J Hepatol, 42 (2005), pp. 315-322
[19.]
H. Marotte, E. Fontanges, F. Bailly, F. Zoulim, C. Trepo, P. Miossec.
Etanercept treatment for three months is safe in patients with rheumatological manifestations associated with hepatitis C virus.
Rheumatology (Oxford), 46 (2007), pp. 97-99
[20.]
J.R. Peterson, F.C. Hsu, P.A. Simkin, M.H. Wener.
Effect of tumour necrosis factor alpha antagonists on serum transaminases and viraemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic hepa titis C infection.
Ann Rheum Dis, 62 (2003), pp. 1078-1082
[21.]
F.A. Parke, J.D. Reveille.
Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents for rheumatoid arthritis in the setting of chronic hepatitis C infection.
Arthritis Rheum, 51 (2004), pp. 800-804
[22.]
C.H. Roux, O. Brocq, V. Breuil, C. Albert, L. Euller-Ziegler.
Safety of anti-TNF-alpha therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and spondylarthropathies with concurrent B or C chronic hepatitis.
Rheumatology (Oxford), 45 (2006), pp. 1294-1297
[23.]
D.U. Cansu, T. Kalifoglu, C. Korkmaz.
Short-term course of chronic hepatitis B and C under treatment with etanercept associated with different disease modifying antirheumatic drugs without antiviral prophylaxis.
J Rheumatol, 35 (2008), pp. 421-424
[24.]
C. Rokhsar, N. Rabhan, S.R. Cohen.
Etanercept monotherapy for a patient with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and concomitant hepa titis C infection.
J Am Acad Derm, 54 (2006), pp. 361-362
[25.]
C. De Simone, A. Paradisi, R. Capizzi, A. Carbone, M. Siciliano, P.L. Amerio.
Etanercept therapy in two patients with psoriasis and concomitant hepatitis C.
J Am Acad Dermatol, 54 (2006), pp. 1102-1104
[26.]
M.A. Magliocco, A.B. Gottlieb.
Etanercept therapy for patients with psoriatic arthritis and concurrent hepatitis C virus infection: report of 3 cases.
J Am Acad Derm, 51 (2004), pp. 580-584
[27.]
R. Cecchi, L. Bartoli.
Psoriasis and hepatitis C treated with anti-TNF alpha therapy (etanercept).
Dermatol Online J, 12 (2006), pp. 4
[28.]
Carroll MB, Bond MI. Use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2008 (en prensa).
[29.]
R. De Franchis, A. Hadengue, G. Lau, D. Lavanchy, A. Lok, N. McIntyre, et al.
EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B. 13-14 September 2002, Geneva, Switzerland. Consensus statement (long version).
J Hepatol, 39 (2003), pp. S3-S25
[30.]
G. Raftery, B. Griffiths, L. Kay, D. Kane.
Chronic viral hepatitis and TNFalpha blockade.
Rheumatology (Oxford), 46 (2007), pp. 1381-1382
[31.]
D. Wendling, B. Auge, D. Bettinger, A. Lohse, G. Le Huede, S. Bresson-Hadni, et al.
Reactivation of a latent precore mutant hepatitis B virus related chronic hepatitis during infliximab treatment for severe spondyloarthropathy.
Ann Rheum Dis, 64 (2005), pp. 788-789
[32.]
Y. Ueno, S. Tanaka, M. Shimamoto, Y. Miyanaka, T. Hiyama, M. Ito, et al.
Infliximab therapy for Crohn's disease in a patient with chronic hepatitis B.
Dig Dis Sci, 50 (2005), pp. 163-166
Copyright © 2010. Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?