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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Case description</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 29-year-old man visited our department with an asymptomatic lesion located on the left knee&#46; The lesion had appeared a year earlier and had grown slowly and gradually&#46; The patient did not recall having suffered any trauma to the area&#46; Examination revealed a violaceous round lesion with a shiny appearance measuring 1&#8239;cm&#46; The lesion presented minimal erosion in the central portion and some peripheral desquamation&#46; It was indurate on palpation but not adhered to the deep layers &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#46; Dermatoscopy revealed no criteria for a melanocytic lesion but did show vessels with a crown distribution and central erosion with yellowish scales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41;&#46; The lesion was excised with a margin of 1&#8239;cm of surrounding healthy skin&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pathology revealed a dermal tumor lesion with a diameter of 9&#8239;mm&#44; composed of oval cells organized in a concentric distribution around the small-caliber vessels &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>A and B&#41;&#46; The lesion presented a pattern of expansive growth&#44; without necrosis or cell pleomorphism&#44; but with high mitotic activity &#40;46 mitosis&#47;50 high-magnification fields&#59; proliferative index &#91;Ki-67&#93;&#44; 5&#37;&#41;&#46; Immune staining was positive for smooth-muscle actin &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>C&#41; and specific muscle&#44; caldesmon&#44; vimentin&#44; and collagen IV&#44; and negative for CD31&#44; CD34&#44; S100 protein&#44; and AE1&#47;AE3&#46; Abnormal expression of INI-1 was not found&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Six months after excision&#44; the patient continued without clinical signs of local recurrence&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">What is the diagnosis&#63;</span></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Myopericytoma&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Comments</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Myopericytoma&#44; formerly known as adult cutaneous myofibroma&#44; is a mesenchymal tumor that derives from the perivascular myoid cells&#44; the muscle cells that surround the blood vessels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It is considered to be a benign&#44; slow-growing tumor&#46; It typically presents in adult males as a solitary lesion measuring less than 2&#8239;cm&#46; It affects the dermis and subcutaneous cell tissue in the form of painless nodules&#44; most frequently on the lower extremities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> In patients with HIV infection&#44; the location tends to be atypical &#40;tongue&#44; vocal cords&#44; liver&#44; brain&#41; and is often multifocal&#46; Onset may be preceded by trauma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diagnosis is histologic and imaging tests &#40;ultrasound&#44; CT&#44; NMRI&#41; show poor sensitivity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The entity is made up of oval or fusiform eosinophils of myoid appearance that present a concentric perivascular growth pattern &#40;in the form of a sleeve&#41; around vessels of varying size&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Features suggesting a poorer prognosis include infiltration of the subcutaneous cellular tissue&#44; atypia&#44; mitosis&#44; necrosis&#44; and nuclear pleomorphism&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The entity is characteristically positive for smooth-muscle actin&#44; specific-muscle actin&#44; vimentin&#44; and caldesmon&#44; and negative for CD34 &#40;endothelial cells&#41; and desmin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Its characteristics require a differential diagnosis with the following tumors&#58; glomic tumor &#40;perivascular cuboid epithelioid cells with no concentric pattern&#41;&#44; angioleiomyoma &#40;deeper lesions&#44; muscle walls thickened with fibrosis&#44; positive for desmin&#41;&#44; solitary myoma &#40;biphasic growth pattern&#41;&#44; angiomyolipoma &#40;positive for S100&#41;&#44; and hemangiopericytoma &#40;staghorn vascular pattern&#44; positive for CD34&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment consists of broad surgical resection&#44; although no guidelines exist that indicate the necessary margin width&#46; Given the benign course of the disease&#44; prognosis is good&#46; Local recurrence is rare if the resection is complete and cases of metastasis are exceptional&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 29-year-old man with a myopericytoma on the left knee&#44; which is atypical due to its mitotically active nature&#46; It is important to follow up these patients because&#44; despite the good prognosis of this entity&#44; characteristics such as infiltration of the subcutaneous cellular tissue&#44; atypia&#44; mitosis&#44; necrosis&#44; or nuclear pleomorphism increase the risk of recurrence&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Case for Diagnosis
Mitotically active myopericytoma
Miopericitoma mitóticamente activo
R. García Castroa,
Autor para correspondencia
, F. Dominguez Luisa, A. Santos-Briz Terrónb
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Spain
b Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Spain
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Violaceous&#44; round and indurated lesion&#44; with central erosion and peripheral desquamation &#40;A&#41;&#46; Dermatoscopy showed vessels with a crown distribution and central yellowish scales &#40;B&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Case description</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 29-year-old man visited our department with an asymptomatic lesion located on the left knee&#46; The lesion had appeared a year earlier and had grown slowly and gradually&#46; The patient did not recall having suffered any trauma to the area&#46; Examination revealed a violaceous round lesion with a shiny appearance measuring 1&#8239;cm&#46; The lesion presented minimal erosion in the central portion and some peripheral desquamation&#46; It was indurate on palpation but not adhered to the deep layers &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#46; Dermatoscopy revealed no criteria for a melanocytic lesion but did show vessels with a crown distribution and central erosion with yellowish scales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41;&#46; The lesion was excised with a margin of 1&#8239;cm of surrounding healthy skin&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pathology revealed a dermal tumor lesion with a diameter of 9&#8239;mm&#44; composed of oval cells organized in a concentric distribution around the small-caliber vessels &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>A and B&#41;&#46; The lesion presented a pattern of expansive growth&#44; without necrosis or cell pleomorphism&#44; but with high mitotic activity &#40;46 mitosis&#47;50 high-magnification fields&#59; proliferative index &#91;Ki-67&#93;&#44; 5&#37;&#41;&#46; Immune staining was positive for smooth-muscle actin &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>C&#41; and specific muscle&#44; caldesmon&#44; vimentin&#44; and collagen IV&#44; and negative for CD31&#44; CD34&#44; S100 protein&#44; and AE1&#47;AE3&#46; Abnormal expression of INI-1 was not found&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Six months after excision&#44; the patient continued without clinical signs of local recurrence&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">What is the diagnosis&#63;</span></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Myopericytoma&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Comments</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Myopericytoma&#44; formerly known as adult cutaneous myofibroma&#44; is a mesenchymal tumor that derives from the perivascular myoid cells&#44; the muscle cells that surround the blood vessels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It is considered to be a benign&#44; slow-growing tumor&#46; It typically presents in adult males as a solitary lesion measuring less than 2&#8239;cm&#46; It affects the dermis and subcutaneous cell tissue in the form of painless nodules&#44; most frequently on the lower extremities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> In patients with HIV infection&#44; the location tends to be atypical &#40;tongue&#44; vocal cords&#44; liver&#44; brain&#41; and is often multifocal&#46; Onset may be preceded by trauma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diagnosis is histologic and imaging tests &#40;ultrasound&#44; CT&#44; NMRI&#41; show poor sensitivity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The entity is made up of oval or fusiform eosinophils of myoid appearance that present a concentric perivascular growth pattern &#40;in the form of a sleeve&#41; around vessels of varying size&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Features suggesting a poorer prognosis include infiltration of the subcutaneous cellular tissue&#44; atypia&#44; mitosis&#44; necrosis&#44; and nuclear pleomorphism&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The entity is characteristically positive for smooth-muscle actin&#44; specific-muscle actin&#44; vimentin&#44; and caldesmon&#44; and negative for CD34 &#40;endothelial cells&#41; and desmin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Its characteristics require a differential diagnosis with the following tumors&#58; glomic tumor &#40;perivascular cuboid epithelioid cells with no concentric pattern&#41;&#44; angioleiomyoma &#40;deeper lesions&#44; muscle walls thickened with fibrosis&#44; positive for desmin&#41;&#44; solitary myoma &#40;biphasic growth pattern&#41;&#44; angiomyolipoma &#40;positive for S100&#41;&#44; and hemangiopericytoma &#40;staghorn vascular pattern&#44; positive for CD34&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment consists of broad surgical resection&#44; although no guidelines exist that indicate the necessary margin width&#46; Given the benign course of the disease&#44; prognosis is good&#46; Local recurrence is rare if the resection is complete and cases of metastasis are exceptional&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 29-year-old man with a myopericytoma on the left knee&#44; which is atypical due to its mitotically active nature&#46; It is important to follow up these patients because&#44; despite the good prognosis of this entity&#44; characteristics such as infiltration of the subcutaneous cellular tissue&#44; atypia&#44; mitosis&#44; necrosis&#44; or nuclear pleomorphism increase the risk of recurrence&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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