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mainly cytokeratin &#40;CK&#41; 20 and neuroendocrine markers such as CD56&#44; chromogranin&#44; and synaptophysin&#44; and negativity for thyroid transcription factor &#40;TTF&#41; 1&#44; achaete-scute complex-like 1 &#40;MASH1&#44; ASCL1&#41;&#44; CK7&#44; protein S100&#44; and leukocyte common antigen&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aims of this study were to describe the demographic and clinical features of patients with MCC in our setting&#44; determine the increase in incident cases&#44; and analyze clinical predictors of survival&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and Methods</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed an observational&#44; descriptive&#44; retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with MCC at a tertiary care hospital over a period of 16 years &#40;2002-2017&#41;&#46; 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Advanced&#44; unresectable local disease was treated with locoregional radiation therapy&#44; while disseminated disease was treated with carboplatin and etoposide chemotherapy regimens&#46; In the last year of the study&#44; nonresponders to chemotherapy were treated with avelumab&#46; Qualitative variables were expressed as absolute numbers and relative frequencies &#40;percentages&#41; and quantitative variables as mean &#40;SD&#41; and median &#40;range&#41;&#46; To check for differences over time&#44; the sample was divided into two 8-year periods&#58; 2002-2009 and 2010-2017&#46; Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model&#46; All data were collected and processed using version 21&#46;0&#46;0&#46;0 of the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Patients&#46;</span> Thirty-eight patients with MCC were included&#46; Their characteristics are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; There were 24 men and 14 women &#40;63&#46;16&#37; vs&#46; 37&#46;84&#37;&#59; ratio&#44; 1&#46;7&#58;1&#41; and all the patients were white&#46; Mean age at diagnosis was 77&#46;76 &#40;12&#46;07&#41; years and there was no significant difference in age between men and women&#46; Median age at diagnosis was 82 years &#40;range&#44; 34-92 years&#41; and mean follow-up time was 30&#46;11 &#40;36&#46;83&#41; months &#40;range&#44; 0-114 months&#41;&#46; Only 3 patients &#40;7&#46;89&#37;&#41; had some form of immunosuppression &#40;lymphoproliferative syndrome&#44; myeloproliferative syndrome&#44; and heart transplant&#41; and 9 &#40;23&#46;67&#37;&#41; had a past history of cancer &#40;4 hematological malignancies&#44; 3 colorectal cancers&#44; 1 salivary gland cancer&#44; and 1 case of prostate&#44; bladder&#44; and laryngeal adenocarcinoma&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; 10 patients &#40;26&#46;32&#37;&#41; had a personal history of nonmelanoma cutaneous cancer&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MCC was suspected as the initial diagnosis in just 6 patients &#40;15&#46;79&#37;&#41;&#46; Overall&#44; however&#44; 92&#37; of tumors were viewed as being malignant and just 8&#37; were thought to be benign&#46; The most common suspected diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma &#40;44&#46;74&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by basal cell carcinoma &#40;26&#46;32&#37;&#41;&#44; dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans&#44; a benign inflammatory lesion&#44; soft tissue sarcoma &#40;7&#46;89&#37;&#41;&#44; and keratoacanthoma &#40;5&#46;26&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tumor characteristics&#46;</span> In most cases&#44; MCC presented as a solitary lesion with a mean size of 3&#46;89 &#40;2&#46;90&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm and a median size of 2&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;range&#44; 0&#46;5-12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41;&#46; The tumors were asymptomatic in 90&#37; of cases&#44; ulcerated in 60&#46;52&#37;&#44; and fast growing &#40;over a period of 3 months&#41; in 55&#46;26&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most common locations were the head and upper limbs &#40;34&#46;21&#37; in both cases&#41;&#44; followed by the lower limbs &#40;15&#46;79&#37;&#41;&#44; the trunk &#40;7&#46;89&#37;&#41;&#44; and the buttocks &#40;2&#46;63&#37;&#41;&#46; Two patients &#40;5&#46;26&#37;&#41; did not have an identifiable primary cutaneous tumor&#46; Two-thirds of the lesions were located in sun-exposed areas&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemically&#44; the Merkel cells expressed epithelial and neuroendocrine markers&#44; with positive staining for CK20 &#40;31&#47;33&#44; 93&#46;94&#37;&#41;&#44; chromogranin &#40;25&#47;31&#44; 80&#46;65&#37;&#41;&#44; and synaptophysin &#40;19&#47;25&#44; 76&#46;00&#37;&#41;&#46; CK7 and TTF1 expression was negative in most patients &#40;16&#47;21 &#91;76&#46;19&#37;&#93; and 20&#47;22 &#91;90&#46;91&#37;&#93;&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the time of diagnosis&#44; just 8 patients &#40;21&#46;05&#37;&#41; had lymph node involvement&#46; The remaining 30 &#40;78&#46;95&#37;&#41; had local involvement only&#46; None of the patients had distant metastasis&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most patients underwent standard surgical excision &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#41; followed by wide local excision with margins of 1 to 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#44; unless contraindicated by age or tumor location &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#41;&#46; Fourteen patients received adjuvant locoregional radiotherapy and 7 patients with unresectable or partially resected tumors or lymph nodes or recurrent disease were treated with carboplatin and etoposide chemotherapy&#46; Two patients who did not respond to chemotherapy were additionally treated with avelumab&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trends over time&#46;</span> On comparing the 2 time periods&#44; we observed a 116&#37; increase in MCC cases diagnosed between 2002-2009 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#41; and 2010-2017 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26&#41;&#46; We also observed differences in clinical characteristics&#46; On the one hand&#44; the patients were significantly older in the second period &#40;mean age&#44; 70&#46;92 vs&#46; 80&#46;92&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#46;</span>05&#41; and on the other&#44; the tumors were located at different sites&#46; In the first period&#44; all the lesions except 2 &#40;75&#37;&#41; were located on the head or upper extremities and none were located on the trunk or lower extremities&#46; In the second period&#44; however&#44; head and upper extremity tumors were still predominant &#40;61&#46;54&#37;&#41;&#44; but 34&#46;62&#37; of tumors were located on the trunk or lower extremities &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Survival&#46;</span> Ten &#40;28&#46;57&#37;&#41; of the 35 patients who underwent surgery experienced recurrence during follow-up &#40;median time to recurrence&#44; 5&#46;5 months&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">By the end of the follow-up period&#44; 17 patients &#40;44&#46;74&#37;&#41; had died&#58; 11 &#40;28&#46;95&#37;&#41; due to MCC and 6 &#40;15&#46;79&#37;&#41; due to other causes&#46; MCC-specific survival was 78&#46;2&#37; at 12 months and 69&#46;3&#37; at 24 months &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; On analyzing survival by stage at diagnosis&#44; 12-month disease-specific survival was 87&#46;0&#37; for patients with localized disease and 46&#46;90&#37; for those with lymph node metastasis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Age at diagnosis was a significant predictor of survival in the univariate analysis&#44; with an age of over 70 years associated with higher mortality &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#46;</span>049&#41;&#46; Patients with tumors on the upper extremities had a better prognosis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;005&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Their survival rate was 100&#37;&#44; even though the tumors at this location were larger than at other sites &#40;mean size&#44; 4&#46;64 &#91;3&#46;98&#93; cm vs&#46; 3&#46;60 &#91;2&#46;41&#93; cm&#41;&#46; Other factors associated with better survival were wide local excision &#40;with margins of any size&#41; after the initial surgery &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#46;</span>011&#41; and absence of lymph node metastasis at any stage of the disease &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#46;</span>023&#41;&#46; Survival was also better in women&#44; although the difference with men did not reach statistical significance&#46; In the multivariate Cox regression analysis including the 4 significant variables&#44; only lymph node metastasis retained its significance as an independent predictor of survival&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MCC is a rare tumor and few single-center series have been published&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a> The largest series to date analyzed 9387 patients from over 1000 hospitals in the United States&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Very few cases in Spain have been described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> The largest series is that published by Instituto Valenciano de Oncolog&#237;a&#44; which reported on 48 cases in a poster at the 43rd National Dermatology Congress in 2013&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> The current series&#44; which includes 38 cases diagnosed at our hospital over a period of 16 years&#44; is one of the largest Spanish series published to date&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apart from being rare&#44; MCC has nonspecific clinical features and may even appear to be benign&#46; It is therefore rarely suspected as an initial diagnosis&#46; To aid earlier diagnosis&#44; Heath et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> created the acronym AEIOU to summarize the main clinical features of MCC&#44; where A refers to asymptomatic&#44; E to expanding rapidly&#44; I to immune suppression&#44; O to older than 50 years&#44; and U to UV-exposed site&#46; The presence of 3 or more of these features has high diagnostic sensitivity&#58; 89&#37; of patients in the study by Heath at al&#46; and 87&#37; of those in our series had at least 3 features&#46; The detection of polyomavirus sequences in 80&#37; of MCC tumors in 2008 led to the discovery of this virus as a pathogenic factor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The basic demographic profile of the patients in our series is consistent with reports in the literature&#44; although there was a higher proportion of upper extremity tumors &#40;34&#37; vs&#46; 24&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#41; and ulcerated tumors &#40;61&#37; vs&#46; 10&#46;6&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#41;&#46; Localized stages were also more common &#40;79&#37; vs&#46; 65&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#41;&#46; The increase in incidence observed in the second period &#40;2010-2017&#41; is noteworthy and supports reports from recent years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;15&#44;16</span></a> Other differences noted in the second period were a older mean age at diagnosis and the presence of tumors at sites other than the head and upper extremities&#59; occurrence at these new sites was very rare in the first 8 years studied&#46; The increased incidence of MCC would appear to be linked to an increase in the at-risk population &#40;due to ageing and higher rates of immunosuppression and UV exposure&#41; and greater awareness of MCC among dermatologists and pathologists thanks to the use of new immunohistochemical techniques&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> This is the first report of an older age at diagnosis and an increase in recent cases in the Spanish literature&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main clinical factors associated with a favorable prognosis were female sex&#44; tumors located on the upper extremities&#44; primary nodal tumors in the absence of a primary cutaneous site&#44; a tumor size less than 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#44; absence of lymph node or distant metastasis&#44; and absence of immunosuppression&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Patients with upper extremity tumors also had a more favorable prognosis&#44; even the tumors were on average larger than those at other sites&#46; Although this association has been previously described&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> the reasons for more favorable outcomes in upper extremity tumors have not yet been fully elucidated&#46; Merkel cell polyomavirus-infected tumors&#44; however&#44; are more common in this location and have been linked to better survival&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Higher mortality rates have been reported for patients older than 70 years and patients with lymph node metastasis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> In our series&#44; patients who underwent a second operation with wide local excision &#40;margins of 1-2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41; also had better survival outcomes&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Until recently&#44; patients with advanced MCC did not have access to specific medical treatment and were typically treated with conventional chemotherapy regimens&#44; which had limited effectiveness in this setting&#46; New immunotherapeutic agents&#44; however&#44; have since been approved for metastatic MCC and include pembrolizumab<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> and&#44; more recently&#44; avelumab&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> which are associated with complete or partial response in up to 56&#37; of patients&#46; Two patients with lymph node metastasis in our series were treated with second-line avelumab after failing to respond to conventional chemotherapy&#46; It is too early&#44; however&#44; to evaluate response&#44; as they had been receiving the drug for less than 6 months at the time of this study&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; our analysis of 38 patients with MCC shows a rise in incidence in recent years and a trend towards an older age at diagnosis and occurrence of tumors at nontypical sites&#46; Our study is the first to report these trends for Spain&#46; Age&#44; tumor location&#44; wide local excision&#44; and lymph node metastasis were all predictors of survival&#46; MCC must be contemplated as a possible diagnosis in patients who present with a lesion that meets 3 or more AEIOU criteria&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            0 => "Merkel cell carcinoma"
            1 => "Epidemiology"
            2 => "Kaplan-Meier"
            3 => "Treatment"
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            0 => "Carcinoma de c&#233;lulas de Merkel"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare yet aggressive cutaneous tumor with a poor prognosis&#46; Few studies have analyzed series of patients from the same hospital&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methodology</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We performed a retrospective&#44; descriptive&#44; observational study of all patients diagnosed with Merkel cell carcinoma at a tertiary care hospital between 2002 and 2017&#46; We recorded epidemiological&#44; clinical&#44; and histologic data and information on treatments and survival&#46; For analysis&#44; the sample was divided into 2 groups from different periods&#58; 2002-2009 and 2010-2017&#46; We performed survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Thirty-eight patients &#40;24 men and 14 women&#41; with a mean age of 77&#46;76 years were included&#46; Mean follow-up time was 30&#46;11 months&#46; On comparing 2010-2017 with 2002-2009&#44; we observed a 116&#37; increase in the number of Merkel cell carcinoma cases &#40;26 vs&#46; 12&#41;&#44; an older mean age at diagnosis &#40;80&#46;92 vs&#46; 70&#46;92 years&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> &#60; &#46;05&#41;&#44; and an increase in lesions located on the trunk and lower limbs &#40;0&#37; vs&#46; 34&#46;62&#37;&#41;&#46; Eleven patients died of Merkel cell carcinoma&#46; Overall survival was 78&#46;2&#37; at 12 months and 69&#46;3&#37; at 24 months&#46; In the univariate analysis&#44; age over 70 years and lymph node involvement were associated with mortality&#44; while tumor location on the upper extremities and wide surgical excision were associated with improved survival&#46; Only lymph node involvement retained its prognostic significance in the multivariate analysis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In this series&#44; we observed that Merkel cell carcinoma has become more common in recent years and is now diagnosed at an older age and found in new anatomic locations&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Background"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El carcinoma de c&#233;lulas de Merkel &#40;CCM&#41; es un tumor cut&#225;neo muy agresivo y de mal pron&#243;stico&#44; aunque la incidencia es muy baja&#46; Existen pocas series que analicen la experiencia en un mismo centro&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Metodolog&#237;a</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional&#44; descriptivo y retrospectivo de todos los pacientes diagnosticados en un hospital de tercer nivel entre 2002 y 2017&#46; Se recogieron las caracter&#237;sticas epidemiol&#243;gicas&#44; cl&#237;nicas&#44; histol&#243;gicas&#44; el tratamiento y la supervivencia&#44; y se dividi&#243; la muestra en 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>per&#237;odos para el an&#225;lisis &#40;2002-2009 y 2010-2017&#41;&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis de supervivencia mediante el modelo de Kaplan-Meier y un an&#225;lisis multivariante mediante el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; a 38 pacientes&#44; 24 hombres y 14 mujeres&#44; con una edad media 77&#44;76 a&#241;os&#46; El per&#237;odo medio de seguimiento fue de 30&#44;11 meses&#46; Se observ&#243; un aumento del 116&#37; &#40;12 vs&#46; 26&#41; entre los a&#241;os 2002-2009 y 2010-2017&#44; as&#237; como una edad media m&#225;s avanzada &#40;70&#44;92 vs&#46; 80&#44;92&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41; y un incremento de lesiones en tronco y miembros inferiores &#40;34&#44;62&#37; vs&#46; 0&#37;&#41;&#46; Once pacientes fallecieron debido al CCM&#46; La supervivencia global a los 12 meses en la serie fue del 78&#44;2&#37; y a los 24 meses del 69&#44;3&#37;&#46; Los factores asociados a mortalidad fueron la edad mayor de 70 a&#241;os y la afectaci&#243;n ganglionar&#44; mientras que la localizaci&#243;n en miembros superiores y la realizaci&#243;n de ampliaci&#243;n de m&#225;rgenes aument&#243; la supervivencia&#46; Al realizar el an&#225;lisis multivariante&#44; solo la afectaci&#243;n de ganglios permaneci&#243; como factor pron&#243;stico&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha observado un aumento de la frecuencia en los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os y un cambio en la forma de presentaci&#243;n a edades m&#225;s avanzadas y en otras localizaciones diferentes a las cl&#225;sicas&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Da&#241;ino-Garc&#237;a M&#44; Dom&#237;nguez-Cruz JJ&#44; P&#233;rez-Ruiz C&#44; Conejo-Mir J&#44; Pereyra-Rodr&#237;guez JJ&#46; Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nico-epidemiol&#243;gicas del carcinoma de c&#233;lulas de Merkel en una serie de 38 pacientes&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2019&#59;110&#58;360&#8211;365&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; MCC&#44; Merkel cell carcinoma&#59; NMSC&#44; nonmelanoma skin cancer&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characteristic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean &#40;range&#41; age&#44; y</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77&#46;76 &#40;34-92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;63&#46;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;36&#46;84&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inmunosuppression&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;92&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">History of tumors&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;92&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">History of NMSC&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;26&#46;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;73&#46;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Initial suspicion of MCC&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;15&#46;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;84&#46;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Initial suspicion of a malignant lesion&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;92&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Initial suspected diagnosis&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Squamous cell carcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;44&#46;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Basal cell carcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;26&#46;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dermatofibrosarcoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cyst&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Soft tissue sarcoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Keratoacanthoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stage at diagnosis&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Local&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;78&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;21&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;34&#46;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;34&#46;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lower extremities&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;15&#46;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Trunk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lymph node involvement&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Buttocks&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Size&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;13&#46;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1-2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;10&#46;53&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span> 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;71&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Not specified&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Size&#44; cm &#40;n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">36&#41;&#44; mean &#40;range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;89 &#40;0&#46;5-12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ulceration&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;60&#46;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;39&#46;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Growth&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fast &#40;&#60; 3 mo&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;55&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Slow &#40;&#62; 3 mo&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;44&#46;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatment&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgery only&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;47&#46;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgery &#43; RT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;26&#46;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgery &#43; RT &#43; QT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgery &#43; QT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgery &#43; RT &#43; QT &#43; IT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgery &#43; QT &#43; IT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RT &#43; QT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>QT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;28&#46;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Local recurrence&#44; mo&#44; median &#40;range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;5 &#40;1-25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#47;12 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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      "titulo" => "References"
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                            0 => "D&#46; Schadendorf"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2016.07.022"
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                0 => array:1 [
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                0 => array:2 [
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                      "titulo" => "Merkel cell carcinoma demographics&#44; morphology&#44; and survival based on 3870 cases&#58; A population based study"
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                          "autores" => array:6 [
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                            3 => "N&#46; Sagy"
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                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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Original Article
Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in a Series of 38 Patients
Características clínico-epidemiológicas del carcinoma de células de Merkel en una serie de 38 pacientes
M. Dañino-García
Autor para correspondencia
marya_1222@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, J.J. Domínguez-Cruz, C. Pérez-Ruiz, J. Conejo-Mir, J.J. Pereyra-Rodríguez
UGC Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Merkel cell carcinoma &#40;MCC&#41;&#44; or primary cutaneous endocrine carcinoma&#44; is a very aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and a tendency for locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis&#46; Its mortality is twice as high as that of melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Unfortunately&#44; because MCC is so rare&#44; few large single-center series have been published&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MCC is clinically characterized by fast-growing&#44; asymptomatic tumors that are predominant in sun-exposed areas and more common in elderly and immunosuppressed patients&#46; This clinical picture is reflected in the acronym AEIOU &#40;Asymptomatic&#44; Expanding rapidly&#44; Immune suppression&#44; Older than 50&#44; and UV-exposed site&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data from recent studies indicate that MCC is on the rise&#44; with some series reporting a triple-fold increase in the number of new cases&#44; which is attributable to an increase in known risk factors &#40;advanced age and immunosuppression&#41; and probably also to a greater awareness of the disease among dermatologists and pathologists&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;6&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemistry is essential for diagnosis&#44; as numerous findings can help differentiate MCC from other blue round-cell skin tumors&#46; These include positive staining for intermediate filaments&#44; mainly cytokeratin &#40;CK&#41; 20 and neuroendocrine markers such as CD56&#44; chromogranin&#44; and synaptophysin&#44; and negativity for thyroid transcription factor &#40;TTF&#41; 1&#44; achaete-scute complex-like 1 &#40;MASH1&#44; ASCL1&#41;&#44; CK7&#44; protein S100&#44; and leukocyte common antigen&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aims of this study were to describe the demographic and clinical features of patients with MCC in our setting&#44; determine the increase in incident cases&#44; and analyze clinical predictors of survival&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and Methods</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed an observational&#44; descriptive&#44; retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with MCC at a tertiary care hospital over a period of 16 years &#40;2002-2017&#41;&#46; Data were obtained from electronic medical records and the hospital&#39;s pathology database&#46; Diagnosis was confirmed by histology in all cases&#46; We recorded data on epidemiological&#44; histologic&#44; and clinical variables &#40;including AEIOU features&#41;&#44; treatment&#44; recurrence&#44; and survival up to 28 February&#44; 2018&#46; Cause of death was noted where appropriate&#46; All the patients were treated according to usual clinical practice&#46; Most of the patients who&#44; in the absence of a clinical diagnosis&#44; were diagnosed after biopsy underwent a second operation with wide local excision &#40;margins of 1-2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41;&#46; This second procedure was not possible in some patients due to their general state of health and advanced age&#46; Sentinel lymph node &#40;SLN&#41; biopsy was not performed as a routine procedure&#44; and as there were so few cases&#44; they were not included in our analysis&#46; Lymph node dissection was performed in patients with a positive SLN biopsy or enlarged lymph nodes&#46; Advanced&#44; unresectable local disease was treated with locoregional radiation therapy&#44; while disseminated disease was treated with carboplatin and etoposide chemotherapy regimens&#46; In the last year of the study&#44; nonresponders to chemotherapy were treated with avelumab&#46; Qualitative variables were expressed as absolute numbers and relative frequencies &#40;percentages&#41; and quantitative variables as mean &#40;SD&#41; and median &#40;range&#41;&#46; To check for differences over time&#44; the sample was divided into two 8-year periods&#58; 2002-2009 and 2010-2017&#46; Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model&#46; All data were collected and processed using version 21&#46;0&#46;0&#46;0 of the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Patients&#46;</span> Thirty-eight patients with MCC were included&#46; Their characteristics are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; There were 24 men and 14 women &#40;63&#46;16&#37; vs&#46; 37&#46;84&#37;&#59; ratio&#44; 1&#46;7&#58;1&#41; and all the patients were white&#46; Mean age at diagnosis was 77&#46;76 &#40;12&#46;07&#41; years and there was no significant difference in age between men and women&#46; Median age at diagnosis was 82 years &#40;range&#44; 34-92 years&#41; and mean follow-up time was 30&#46;11 &#40;36&#46;83&#41; months &#40;range&#44; 0-114 months&#41;&#46; Only 3 patients &#40;7&#46;89&#37;&#41; had some form of immunosuppression &#40;lymphoproliferative syndrome&#44; myeloproliferative syndrome&#44; and heart transplant&#41; and 9 &#40;23&#46;67&#37;&#41; had a past history of cancer &#40;4 hematological malignancies&#44; 3 colorectal cancers&#44; 1 salivary gland cancer&#44; and 1 case of prostate&#44; bladder&#44; and laryngeal adenocarcinoma&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; 10 patients &#40;26&#46;32&#37;&#41; had a personal history of nonmelanoma cutaneous cancer&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MCC was suspected as the initial diagnosis in just 6 patients &#40;15&#46;79&#37;&#41;&#46; Overall&#44; however&#44; 92&#37; of tumors were viewed as being malignant and just 8&#37; were thought to be benign&#46; The most common suspected diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma &#40;44&#46;74&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by basal cell carcinoma &#40;26&#46;32&#37;&#41;&#44; dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans&#44; a benign inflammatory lesion&#44; soft tissue sarcoma &#40;7&#46;89&#37;&#41;&#44; and keratoacanthoma &#40;5&#46;26&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tumor characteristics&#46;</span> In most cases&#44; MCC presented as a solitary lesion with a mean size of 3&#46;89 &#40;2&#46;90&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm and a median size of 2&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;range&#44; 0&#46;5-12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41;&#46; The tumors were asymptomatic in 90&#37; of cases&#44; ulcerated in 60&#46;52&#37;&#44; and fast growing &#40;over a period of 3 months&#41; in 55&#46;26&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most common locations were the head and upper limbs &#40;34&#46;21&#37; in both cases&#41;&#44; followed by the lower limbs &#40;15&#46;79&#37;&#41;&#44; the trunk &#40;7&#46;89&#37;&#41;&#44; and the buttocks &#40;2&#46;63&#37;&#41;&#46; Two patients &#40;5&#46;26&#37;&#41; did not have an identifiable primary cutaneous tumor&#46; Two-thirds of the lesions were located in sun-exposed areas&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemically&#44; the Merkel cells expressed epithelial and neuroendocrine markers&#44; with positive staining for CK20 &#40;31&#47;33&#44; 93&#46;94&#37;&#41;&#44; chromogranin &#40;25&#47;31&#44; 80&#46;65&#37;&#41;&#44; and synaptophysin &#40;19&#47;25&#44; 76&#46;00&#37;&#41;&#46; CK7 and TTF1 expression was negative in most patients &#40;16&#47;21 &#91;76&#46;19&#37;&#93; and 20&#47;22 &#91;90&#46;91&#37;&#93;&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the time of diagnosis&#44; just 8 patients &#40;21&#46;05&#37;&#41; had lymph node involvement&#46; The remaining 30 &#40;78&#46;95&#37;&#41; had local involvement only&#46; None of the patients had distant metastasis&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most patients underwent standard surgical excision &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#41; followed by wide local excision with margins of 1 to 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#44; unless contraindicated by age or tumor location &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#41;&#46; Fourteen patients received adjuvant locoregional radiotherapy and 7 patients with unresectable or partially resected tumors or lymph nodes or recurrent disease were treated with carboplatin and etoposide chemotherapy&#46; Two patients who did not respond to chemotherapy were additionally treated with avelumab&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trends over time&#46;</span> On comparing the 2 time periods&#44; we observed a 116&#37; increase in MCC cases diagnosed between 2002-2009 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#41; and 2010-2017 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26&#41;&#46; We also observed differences in clinical characteristics&#46; On the one hand&#44; the patients were significantly older in the second period &#40;mean age&#44; 70&#46;92 vs&#46; 80&#46;92&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#46;</span>05&#41; and on the other&#44; the tumors were located at different sites&#46; In the first period&#44; all the lesions except 2 &#40;75&#37;&#41; were located on the head or upper extremities and none were located on the trunk or lower extremities&#46; In the second period&#44; however&#44; head and upper extremity tumors were still predominant &#40;61&#46;54&#37;&#41;&#44; but 34&#46;62&#37; of tumors were located on the trunk or lower extremities &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Survival&#46;</span> Ten &#40;28&#46;57&#37;&#41; of the 35 patients who underwent surgery experienced recurrence during follow-up &#40;median time to recurrence&#44; 5&#46;5 months&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">By the end of the follow-up period&#44; 17 patients &#40;44&#46;74&#37;&#41; had died&#58; 11 &#40;28&#46;95&#37;&#41; due to MCC and 6 &#40;15&#46;79&#37;&#41; due to other causes&#46; MCC-specific survival was 78&#46;2&#37; at 12 months and 69&#46;3&#37; at 24 months &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; On analyzing survival by stage at diagnosis&#44; 12-month disease-specific survival was 87&#46;0&#37; for patients with localized disease and 46&#46;90&#37; for those with lymph node metastasis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Age at diagnosis was a significant predictor of survival in the univariate analysis&#44; with an age of over 70 years associated with higher mortality &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#46;</span>049&#41;&#46; Patients with tumors on the upper extremities had a better prognosis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;005&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Their survival rate was 100&#37;&#44; even though the tumors at this location were larger than at other sites &#40;mean size&#44; 4&#46;64 &#91;3&#46;98&#93; cm vs&#46; 3&#46;60 &#91;2&#46;41&#93; cm&#41;&#46; Other factors associated with better survival were wide local excision &#40;with margins of any size&#41; after the initial surgery &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#46;</span>011&#41; and absence of lymph node metastasis at any stage of the disease &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#46;</span>023&#41;&#46; Survival was also better in women&#44; although the difference with men did not reach statistical significance&#46; In the multivariate Cox regression analysis including the 4 significant variables&#44; only lymph node metastasis retained its significance as an independent predictor of survival&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MCC is a rare tumor and few single-center series have been published&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a> The largest series to date analyzed 9387 patients from over 1000 hospitals in the United States&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Very few cases in Spain have been described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> The largest series is that published by Instituto Valenciano de Oncolog&#237;a&#44; which reported on 48 cases in a poster at the 43rd National Dermatology Congress in 2013&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> The current series&#44; which includes 38 cases diagnosed at our hospital over a period of 16 years&#44; is one of the largest Spanish series published to date&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apart from being rare&#44; MCC has nonspecific clinical features and may even appear to be benign&#46; It is therefore rarely suspected as an initial diagnosis&#46; To aid earlier diagnosis&#44; Heath et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> created the acronym AEIOU to summarize the main clinical features of MCC&#44; where A refers to asymptomatic&#44; E to expanding rapidly&#44; I to immune suppression&#44; O to older than 50 years&#44; and U to UV-exposed site&#46; The presence of 3 or more of these features has high diagnostic sensitivity&#58; 89&#37; of patients in the study by Heath at al&#46; and 87&#37; of those in our series had at least 3 features&#46; The detection of polyomavirus sequences in 80&#37; of MCC tumors in 2008 led to the discovery of this virus as a pathogenic factor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The basic demographic profile of the patients in our series is consistent with reports in the literature&#44; although there was a higher proportion of upper extremity tumors &#40;34&#37; vs&#46; 24&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#41; and ulcerated tumors &#40;61&#37; vs&#46; 10&#46;6&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#41;&#46; Localized stages were also more common &#40;79&#37; vs&#46; 65&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#41;&#46; The increase in incidence observed in the second period &#40;2010-2017&#41; is noteworthy and supports reports from recent years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;15&#44;16</span></a> Other differences noted in the second period were a older mean age at diagnosis and the presence of tumors at sites other than the head and upper extremities&#59; occurrence at these new sites was very rare in the first 8 years studied&#46; The increased incidence of MCC would appear to be linked to an increase in the at-risk population &#40;due to ageing and higher rates of immunosuppression and UV exposure&#41; and greater awareness of MCC among dermatologists and pathologists thanks to the use of new immunohistochemical techniques&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> This is the first report of an older age at diagnosis and an increase in recent cases in the Spanish literature&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main clinical factors associated with a favorable prognosis were female sex&#44; tumors located on the upper extremities&#44; primary nodal tumors in the absence of a primary cutaneous site&#44; a tumor size less than 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#44; absence of lymph node or distant metastasis&#44; and absence of immunosuppression&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Patients with upper extremity tumors also had a more favorable prognosis&#44; even the tumors were on average larger than those at other sites&#46; Although this association has been previously described&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> the reasons for more favorable outcomes in upper extremity tumors have not yet been fully elucidated&#46; Merkel cell polyomavirus-infected tumors&#44; however&#44; are more common in this location and have been linked to better survival&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Higher mortality rates have been reported for patients older than 70 years and patients with lymph node metastasis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> In our series&#44; patients who underwent a second operation with wide local excision &#40;margins of 1-2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41; also had better survival outcomes&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Until recently&#44; patients with advanced MCC did not have access to specific medical treatment and were typically treated with conventional chemotherapy regimens&#44; which had limited effectiveness in this setting&#46; New immunotherapeutic agents&#44; however&#44; have since been approved for metastatic MCC and include pembrolizumab<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> and&#44; more recently&#44; avelumab&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> which are associated with complete or partial response in up to 56&#37; of patients&#46; Two patients with lymph node metastasis in our series were treated with second-line avelumab after failing to respond to conventional chemotherapy&#46; It is too early&#44; however&#44; to evaluate response&#44; as they had been receiving the drug for less than 6 months at the time of this study&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; our analysis of 38 patients with MCC shows a rise in incidence in recent years and a trend towards an older age at diagnosis and occurrence of tumors at nontypical sites&#46; Our study is the first to report these trends for Spain&#46; Age&#44; tumor location&#44; wide local excision&#44; and lymph node metastasis were all predictors of survival&#46; MCC must be contemplated as a possible diagnosis in patients who present with a lesion that meets 3 or more AEIOU criteria&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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            0 => "Merkel cell carcinoma"
            1 => "Epidemiology"
            2 => "Kaplan-Meier"
            3 => "Treatment"
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            0 => "Carcinoma de c&#233;lulas de Merkel"
            1 => "Epidemiolog&#237;a"
            2 => "Kaplan-Meier"
            3 => "Tratamiento"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare yet aggressive cutaneous tumor with a poor prognosis&#46; Few studies have analyzed series of patients from the same hospital&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methodology</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We performed a retrospective&#44; descriptive&#44; observational study of all patients diagnosed with Merkel cell carcinoma at a tertiary care hospital between 2002 and 2017&#46; We recorded epidemiological&#44; clinical&#44; and histologic data and information on treatments and survival&#46; For analysis&#44; the sample was divided into 2 groups from different periods&#58; 2002-2009 and 2010-2017&#46; We performed survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Thirty-eight patients &#40;24 men and 14 women&#41; with a mean age of 77&#46;76 years were included&#46; Mean follow-up time was 30&#46;11 months&#46; On comparing 2010-2017 with 2002-2009&#44; we observed a 116&#37; increase in the number of Merkel cell carcinoma cases &#40;26 vs&#46; 12&#41;&#44; an older mean age at diagnosis &#40;80&#46;92 vs&#46; 70&#46;92 years&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> &#60; &#46;05&#41;&#44; and an increase in lesions located on the trunk and lower limbs &#40;0&#37; vs&#46; 34&#46;62&#37;&#41;&#46; Eleven patients died of Merkel cell carcinoma&#46; Overall survival was 78&#46;2&#37; at 12 months and 69&#46;3&#37; at 24 months&#46; In the univariate analysis&#44; age over 70 years and lymph node involvement were associated with mortality&#44; while tumor location on the upper extremities and wide surgical excision were associated with improved survival&#46; Only lymph node involvement retained its prognostic significance in the multivariate analysis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In this series&#44; we observed that Merkel cell carcinoma has become more common in recent years and is now diagnosed at an older age and found in new anatomic locations&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
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            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Background"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El carcinoma de c&#233;lulas de Merkel &#40;CCM&#41; es un tumor cut&#225;neo muy agresivo y de mal pron&#243;stico&#44; aunque la incidencia es muy baja&#46; Existen pocas series que analicen la experiencia en un mismo centro&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Metodolog&#237;a</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional&#44; descriptivo y retrospectivo de todos los pacientes diagnosticados en un hospital de tercer nivel entre 2002 y 2017&#46; Se recogieron las caracter&#237;sticas epidemiol&#243;gicas&#44; cl&#237;nicas&#44; histol&#243;gicas&#44; el tratamiento y la supervivencia&#44; y se dividi&#243; la muestra en 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>per&#237;odos para el an&#225;lisis &#40;2002-2009 y 2010-2017&#41;&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis de supervivencia mediante el modelo de Kaplan-Meier y un an&#225;lisis multivariante mediante el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; a 38 pacientes&#44; 24 hombres y 14 mujeres&#44; con una edad media 77&#44;76 a&#241;os&#46; El per&#237;odo medio de seguimiento fue de 30&#44;11 meses&#46; Se observ&#243; un aumento del 116&#37; &#40;12 vs&#46; 26&#41; entre los a&#241;os 2002-2009 y 2010-2017&#44; as&#237; como una edad media m&#225;s avanzada &#40;70&#44;92 vs&#46; 80&#44;92&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41; y un incremento de lesiones en tronco y miembros inferiores &#40;34&#44;62&#37; vs&#46; 0&#37;&#41;&#46; Once pacientes fallecieron debido al CCM&#46; La supervivencia global a los 12 meses en la serie fue del 78&#44;2&#37; y a los 24 meses del 69&#44;3&#37;&#46; Los factores asociados a mortalidad fueron la edad mayor de 70 a&#241;os y la afectaci&#243;n ganglionar&#44; mientras que la localizaci&#243;n en miembros superiores y la realizaci&#243;n de ampliaci&#243;n de m&#225;rgenes aument&#243; la supervivencia&#46; Al realizar el an&#225;lisis multivariante&#44; solo la afectaci&#243;n de ganglios permaneci&#243; como factor pron&#243;stico&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha observado un aumento de la frecuencia en los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os y un cambio en la forma de presentaci&#243;n a edades m&#225;s avanzadas y en otras localizaciones diferentes a las cl&#225;sicas&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Da&#241;ino-Garc&#237;a M&#44; Dom&#237;nguez-Cruz JJ&#44; P&#233;rez-Ruiz C&#44; Conejo-Mir J&#44; Pereyra-Rodr&#237;guez JJ&#46; Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nico-epidemiol&#243;gicas del carcinoma de c&#233;lulas de Merkel en una serie de 38 pacientes&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2019&#59;110&#58;360&#8211;365&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; MCC&#44; Merkel cell carcinoma&#59; NMSC&#44; nonmelanoma skin cancer&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">77&#46;76 &#40;34-92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;63&#46;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;92&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">History of tumors&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;92&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">History of NMSC&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;26&#46;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;73&#46;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Initial suspicion of MCC&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;15&#46;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;84&#46;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Initial suspicion of a malignant lesion&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;92&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Initial suspected diagnosis&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Squamous cell carcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;44&#46;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Basal cell carcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;26&#46;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dermatofibrosarcoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cyst&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Soft tissue sarcoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Keratoacanthoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stage at diagnosis&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Local&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;78&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lymph node metastasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;21&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; IT&#44; immunotherapy&#59; QT&#44; chemotherapy&#59; RT&#44; radiotherapy&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Location&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Head&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;34&#46;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Upper extremities&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;34&#46;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lower extremities&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;15&#46;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Trunk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lymph node involvement&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Buttocks&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Size&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;13&#46;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1-2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;10&#46;53&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span> 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;71&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Not specified&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Size&#44; cm &#40;n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">36&#41;&#44; mean &#40;range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;89 &#40;0&#46;5-12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ulceration&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;60&#46;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;39&#46;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Growth&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fast &#40;&#60; 3 mo&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;55&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Slow &#40;&#62; 3 mo&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;44&#46;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatment&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgery only&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;47&#46;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgery &#43; RT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;26&#46;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgery &#43; RT &#43; QT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgery &#43; QT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgery &#43; RT &#43; QT &#43; IT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgery &#43; QT &#43; IT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RT &#43; QT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>QT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Local recurrence &#40;n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">35&#41;&#44; No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;28&#46;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;71&#46;43&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Local recurrence&#44; mo&#44; median &#40;range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;5 &#40;1-25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; LEs&#44; lower extremities&#59; UEs&#44; upper extremities&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Period&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&#46;of Cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean Age &#40;SD&#41;&#44; y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Range&#44; y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Head&#47;UEs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Trunk&#47;LEs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2002-2009</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&#46;92 &#40;16&#46;64&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34-92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#47;12 &#40;75&#46;00&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#47;12 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2010-2017</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&#46;92 &#40;7&#46;80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59-90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 15782190
Idioma original: Inglés
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