Case and Research Letters
Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Kojic Acid
Dermatitis alérgica de contacto al ácido kójico
Leído
17432
Vecesse ha leído el artículo
1990
Total PDF
15442
Total HTML
Compartir estadísticas
array:24 [ "pii" => "S1578219019300526" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2019.02.013" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-04-01" "aid" => "2036" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV" "copyrightAnyo" => "2018" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110:243-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 8 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 2 "HTML" => 4 "PDF" => 2 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0001731018303557" "issn" => "00017310" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2018.03.021" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-04-01" "aid" => "2036" "copyright" => "AEDV" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110:243-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 133 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 1 "HTML" => 91 "PDF" => 41 ] ] "es" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Carta científico-clínica</span>" "titulo" => "Dermatitis alérgica de contacto al ácido kójico" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "243" "paginaFinal" => "244" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Kojic Acid" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figura 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2000 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 199248 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A) Test en semioclusión con el cosmético en el antebrazo a las 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. B) Test epicutáneos a las 96<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h con los productos aportados por la distribuidora. Positividad del ácido kójico al 1% en solución acuosa.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Tejera-Vaquerizo, J. García-Gavín" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Tejera-Vaquerizo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "García-Gavín" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S1578219019300526" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2019.02.013" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219019300526?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731018303557?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/00017310/0000011000000003/v1_201904030618/S0001731018303557/v1_201904030618/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S157821901930054X" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2019.02.015" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-04-01" "aid" => "1987" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110:244-6" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 4 "formatos" => array:2 [ "EPUB" => 1 "HTML" => 3 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case and Research Letters</span>" "titulo" => "An Analysis of Drug Survival, Effectiveness, and Safety in Moderate to Severe Psoriasis Treated With Ustekinumab: An Observational Study of 69 Patients in Routine Clinical Practice" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "244" "paginaFinal" => "246" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Análisis de supervivencia, eficacia y seguridad en psoriasis moderada–grave tratada con ustekinumab. Estudio observacional de 69 pacientes en la práctica clínica habitual" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2258 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 215575 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Kaplan-Meier analysis of treatment survival (duration in months, 8.3 years of follow-up).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "I. Salgüero Fernández, M. Hospital Gil, M. Sigüenza Sanz, G. Roustan Gullón" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Salgüero Fernández" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Hospital Gil" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Sigüenza Sanz" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Roustan Gullón" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0001731018302515" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2018.02.019" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731018302515?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S157821901930054X?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/15782190/0000011000000003/v1_201904030645/S157821901930054X/v1_201904030645/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S1578219019300496" "issn" => "15782190" "doi" => "10.1016/j.adengl.2019.02.011" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-04-01" "aid" => "1910" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110:241-2" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 5 "HTML" => 5 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Practical Dermoscopy</span>" "titulo" => "Telltale Hairs" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "241" "paginaFinal" => "242" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Pelillos a la mar" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1108 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 212045 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical images. A, Nonspecific erythematous lesions on the trunk. B, Lesions predominantly affecting the creases of the palm.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "S. Sánchez-Pérez, C. Torres-Sánchez, V. Alonso-Usero" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Sánchez-Pérez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Torres-Sánchez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Alonso-Usero" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0001731018300723" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2017.10.023" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731018300723?idApp=UINPBA000044" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219019300496?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/15782190/0000011000000003/v1_201904030645/S1578219019300496/v1_201904030645/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:16 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case and Research Letters</span>" "titulo" => "Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Kojic Acid" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">To the Editor:</span>" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "243" "paginaFinal" => "244" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Tejera-Vaquerizo, J. García-Gavín" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Tejera-Vaquerizo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "antoniotejera@aedv.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "García-Gavín" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Instituto Dermatológico GlobalDerm, Palma del Río, Córdoba, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Clínica Pérez & Gavín dermatólogos, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Dermatitis alérgica de contacto al ácido kójico" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 599 "Ancho" => 900 "Tamanyo" => 86635 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Eczematous lesions at the application sites of the skin lightening product.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 54-year-old woman presented at our dermatology unit with facial erythema associated with itching and a burning sensation. She had been applying Neoretin Serum (Cantabria Lab., Santander, Spain) to her face for approximately 1 month (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). She was instructed to stop using this product and was prescribed topical hydrocortisone until the erythema improved.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In accordance with the European Society of Contact Dermatitis guideline for diagnostic patch testing,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> the patient was tested with the standard series recommended by the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Research Group (GEIDAC), supplied by BIAL-Aristegui (Bilbao, Spain), and Nerotetin Serum (semi-occlusive patch test) on her forearm. The 48- and 96-hour readings were positive (+++) for the serum only (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>A).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Four weeks later, the patient was tested with the individual ingredients of the serum (with petrolatum as the vehicle) kindly supplied by the manufacturer (Cantabria Labs, SL). These included hydroxypinacolone retinoate, N-acetylglucosamine, Cromabright, Natriquest, Alistin, Albatín, niacinamide, HidraCare, Hydromanil, acetyl hexapeptide, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Physalis angulata</span> extract, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Portulaca oleracea</span> extract, salicylic acid, kojic acid nanoliposomes, and kojic acid. The substances were tested as supplied by the manufacturer, except for kojic acid, which was applied in a 1% water solution, as previously described.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The patient showed no reaction at 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours, but re-evaluation at 96<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours showed a strong positive reaction (++) to kojic acid (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>B). The reaction was still present at day 7. The rest of the ingredients were negative.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The kojic acid 1% solution was tested in 12 control patients and was negative in all cases at 96<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kojic acid (5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-pyrone) is widely used as a cosmetic skin lightening product and its depigmentation properties are due to its ability to chelate copper from free tyrosinase.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kojic acid is a natural substance produced by fungi and bacteria such as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus, Penicillium</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acetobacter</span> spp.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> It is also a traditional Japanese ingredient found in miso (soy pasta), shoyu (soy sauce), and sake.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> There is no evidence that the doses present in food are harmful,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> or that eating food containing kojic acid causes dermatitis recurrence or any other adverse effects in patients with contact dermatitis to kojic acid.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although kojic acid is widely used, few cases of contact dermatitis to this substance have been published.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,4,5</span></a> There have also been reports of leucoderma (hypopigmentation)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and even paradoxical hyperpigmentation following its use.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the largest series to date of contact dermatitis due to kojic acid, Nakagawa and Kawai<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> found that sensitization occurred within a relatively short period (within 1-12 months of use), probably due to the frequent application of the product and the strong patch test reactions, particularly on days 3 and 7, as in our case.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors remarked on the intensity of the patch test reactions, with stronger reactions seen on days 3 and 7 than at 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours. We observed the same in our patient.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have described a case of contact dermatitis to topical kojic acid. Although there are very few reports in the literature, it is important to be familiar with this condition, as kojic acid is widely used in skin lightening products.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Tejera-Vaquerizo A, García-Gavín J. Dermatitis alérgica de contacto al ácido kójico. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110:243–244.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 599 "Ancho" => 900 "Tamanyo" => 86635 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Eczematous lesions at the application sites of the skin lightening product.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2000 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 199319 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Semi-occlusive patch test with the skin lightening product on the patient's forearm at 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours. B, Patch test results at 96<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours with the products supplied by the manufacturer. Positive reaction to kojic acid in 1% water solution.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "European Society of Contact Dermatitis guideline for diagnostic patch testing - recommendations on best practice" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.D. Johansen" 1 => "K. Aalto-Korte" 2 => "T. Agner" 3 => "K.E. Andersen" 4 => "A. Bircher" 5 => "M. Bruze" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/cod.12432" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Contact Dermatitis" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "73" "paginaInicial" => "195" "paginaFinal" => "221" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26179009" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1470204508701785" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "14702045" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Contact allergy to kojic acid in skin care products" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Nakagawa" 1 => "K. Kawai" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Contact Dermatitis" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "9" "paginaFinal" => "13" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7720390" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of health aspects of kojic acid in food" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "G.A. Burdock" 1 => "M.G. Soni" 2 => "I.G. Carabin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1006/rtph.2000.1442" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Regul Toxicol Pharmacol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "80" "paginaFinal" => "101" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11259181" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Allergic contact dermatitis from kojic acid" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "E. Serra-Baldrich" 1 => "M.J. Tribó" 2 => "J.G. Camarasa" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Contact Dermatitis" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "86" "paginaFinal" => "87" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9746193" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "quiz 55-85" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Allergic contact dermatitis due to kojic acid" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "T.L. Mata" 1 => "J.P. Sanchez" 2 => "J. de la Cuadra Oyanguren" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dermatitis" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "89" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16036120" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Leucoderma after use of a skin-lightening cream containing kojic dipalmitate, liquorice root extract and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mitracarpus scaber</span> extract" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S. Madhogaria" 1 => "I. Ahmed" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Dermatol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "e103" "paginaFinal" => "e105" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pigmented contact dermatitis due to kojic acid. A paradoxical side effect of a skin lightener" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J. García-Gavín" 1 => "D. González-Vilas" 2 => "V. Fernández-Redondo" 3 => "J. Toribio" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01673.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Contact Dermatitis" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "62" "paginaInicial" => "63" "paginaFinal" => "64" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20136888" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15782190/0000011000000003/v1_201904030645/S1578219019300526/v1_201904030645/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "6157" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Case and Research Letters" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15782190/0000011000000003/v1_201904030645/S1578219019300526/v1_201904030645/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1578219019300526?idApp=UINPBA000044" ]
| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 47 | 8 | 55 |
| 2024 Octubre | 432 | 70 | 502 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 470 | 49 | 519 |
| 2024 Agosto | 484 | 73 | 557 |
| 2024 Julio | 543 | 59 | 602 |
| 2024 Junio | 470 | 48 | 518 |
| 2024 Mayo | 453 | 60 | 513 |
| 2024 Abril | 421 | 49 | 470 |
| 2024 Marzo | 439 | 53 | 492 |
| 2024 Febrero | 372 | 51 | 423 |
| 2024 Enero | 430 | 52 | 482 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 418 | 33 | 451 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 427 | 50 | 477 |
| 2023 Octubre | 489 | 37 | 526 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 408 | 33 | 441 |
| 2023 Agosto | 337 | 20 | 357 |
| 2023 Julio | 362 | 40 | 402 |
| 2023 Junio | 313 | 28 | 341 |
| 2023 Mayo | 400 | 28 | 428 |
| 2023 Abril | 315 | 21 | 336 |
| 2023 Marzo | 306 | 24 | 330 |
| 2023 Febrero | 327 | 17 | 344 |
| 2023 Enero | 286 | 36 | 322 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 215 | 35 | 250 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 137 | 33 | 170 |
| 2022 Octubre | 106 | 25 | 131 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 136 | 50 | 186 |
| 2022 Agosto | 132 | 58 | 190 |
| 2022 Julio | 84 | 49 | 133 |
| 2022 Junio | 89 | 34 | 123 |
| 2022 Mayo | 266 | 34 | 300 |
| 2022 Abril | 356 | 31 | 387 |
| 2022 Marzo | 378 | 69 | 447 |
| 2022 Febrero | 277 | 34 | 311 |
| 2022 Enero | 278 | 34 | 312 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 213 | 41 | 254 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 263 | 38 | 301 |
| 2021 Octubre | 304 | 50 | 354 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 241 | 39 | 280 |
| 2021 Agosto | 252 | 26 | 278 |
| 2021 Julio | 224 | 11 | 235 |
| 2021 Junio | 244 | 22 | 266 |
| 2021 Mayo | 293 | 42 | 335 |
| 2021 Abril | 558 | 62 | 620 |
| 2021 Marzo | 324 | 23 | 347 |
| 2021 Febrero | 217 | 20 | 237 |
| 2021 Enero | 187 | 21 | 208 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 176 | 26 | 202 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 131 | 20 | 151 |
| 2020 Octubre | 71 | 21 | 92 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 96 | 9 | 105 |
| 2020 Agosto | 60 | 24 | 84 |
| 2020 Julio | 64 | 15 | 79 |
| 2020 Junio | 43 | 15 | 58 |
| 2020 Mayo | 29 | 15 | 44 |
| 2020 Abril | 21 | 13 | 34 |
| 2020 Marzo | 18 | 8 | 26 |
| 2020 Febrero | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2019 Mayo | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2019 Abril | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Mostrar todo
