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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Medical History</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 77-year-old man sought care for recurrent episodes of swelling in the right malar region that in the previous 5 months had spread to the neck&#44; the left malar region&#44; both nasolabial folds&#44; and the right infraorbital rim&#46; The patient reported only a sensation of tautness in the affected areas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Physical Examination</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical examination revealed violaceous coloring and palpable infiltration in the aforementioned regions &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; No macroglossia or lesions in the oral cavity were observed&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Additional Examinations</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 4-mm punch biopsy specimen was taken from one of the lesions and histopathologic examination revealed the presence of multiple irregular dilated vascular channels joined by anastomosis&#44; some lined with mildly atypical endothelial cells&#44; situated among the dermal collagen bundles and around the pilosebaceous follicles&#46; Immunohistochemistry showed CD34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>and CD31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cells lining the vascular channels &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">What Is Your Diagnosis&#63;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the head and neck&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Clinical Course</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Computed tomography of the neck&#44; chest&#44; abdomen&#44; and pelvis was carried out to determine the extent of disease&#59; no distant metastases were detected&#46; Histologic mapping of the affected regions confirmed that the angiosarcoma was locally advanced&#46; Palliative treatment was started with paclitaxel and propranolol as adjuvant therapy&#46; Based on the local progression of the lesions &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41; with mandibular involvement despite treatment&#44; radiation therapy was initiated&#46; At present&#44; the patient is waiting to begin treatment with pazopanib&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Discussion</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare&#44; aggressive&#44; malignant vascular sarcoma that occurs most frequently in elderly men&#44; affecting the head and neck&#46; It can also appear on the limbs of patients with chronic lymphedema or in areas exposed to radiation therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although cutaneous angiosarcoma tends to manifest as nodules&#44; plaques&#44; or erythematous or violaceous macules&#44; its great clinical variability often leads to late diagnosis&#46; Tay and Ong<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> reported a case similar to that of our patient&#46; Their patient had an angiosarcoma of the head and neck that mimicked episodes of edema or facial swelling&#59; diagnosis was delayed after the lesion responded partially to corticosteroid treatment&#46; The head-tilt examination maneuver&#44; in which the patient is asked to place his or her head below the level of the heart for 5-10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>seconds&#44; can be used to increase the congestion of the neoplastic vessels&#44; thus making the lesion more clinically apparent&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A pathologic examination like that described in our case&#44; plus the detection of CD34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>and CD31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>neoplastic cells&#44; allow this entity to be diagnosed&#46; Clinical differential diagnosis should include hematomas&#44; vascular tumors such as hemangioma and Kaposi sarcoma&#44; cutaneous lymphomas and pseudolymphomas&#44; cutaneous metastases&#44; lupus pernio&#44; and other skin tumors such as melanoma&#44; Merkel cell carcinoma&#44; and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The treatment of choice for localized disease is radical surgery&#44; which&#44; if performed early and followed by adjuvant radiation therapy&#44; is the only potentially curative treatment&#46; However&#44; when the tumor is unresectable and&#47;or metastatic disease is present&#44; the prognosis worsens considerably&#59; chemotherapy is the treatment of choice in such cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Radiation therapy can also be used to achieve good local tumor control in cases of metastatic or unresectable disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> A recent case report suggests that treatment with oral propranolol is effective for reducing the size of angiosarcomas&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> although in our case it was difficult to assess the response to this treatment because the patient had already started treatment with paclitaxel&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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E-Case for Diagnosis
Recurrent Facial Edema
Edema facial recurrente
J. Sabater Abad
Autor para correspondencia
javiersabater999@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, C. Lloret Ruiz, E. Quecedo Estébanez
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
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        "titulo" => "Edema facial recurrente"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Medical History</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 77-year-old man sought care for recurrent episodes of swelling in the right malar region that in the previous 5 months had spread to the neck&#44; the left malar region&#44; both nasolabial folds&#44; and the right infraorbital rim&#46; The patient reported only a sensation of tautness in the affected areas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Physical Examination</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical examination revealed violaceous coloring and palpable infiltration in the aforementioned regions &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; No macroglossia or lesions in the oral cavity were observed&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Additional Examinations</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 4-mm punch biopsy specimen was taken from one of the lesions and histopathologic examination revealed the presence of multiple irregular dilated vascular channels joined by anastomosis&#44; some lined with mildly atypical endothelial cells&#44; situated among the dermal collagen bundles and around the pilosebaceous follicles&#46; Immunohistochemistry showed CD34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>and CD31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cells lining the vascular channels &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">What Is Your Diagnosis&#63;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the head and neck&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Clinical Course</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Computed tomography of the neck&#44; chest&#44; abdomen&#44; and pelvis was carried out to determine the extent of disease&#59; no distant metastases were detected&#46; Histologic mapping of the affected regions confirmed that the angiosarcoma was locally advanced&#46; Palliative treatment was started with paclitaxel and propranolol as adjuvant therapy&#46; Based on the local progression of the lesions &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41; with mandibular involvement despite treatment&#44; radiation therapy was initiated&#46; At present&#44; the patient is waiting to begin treatment with pazopanib&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Discussion</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare&#44; aggressive&#44; malignant vascular sarcoma that occurs most frequently in elderly men&#44; affecting the head and neck&#46; It can also appear on the limbs of patients with chronic lymphedema or in areas exposed to radiation therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although cutaneous angiosarcoma tends to manifest as nodules&#44; plaques&#44; or erythematous or violaceous macules&#44; its great clinical variability often leads to late diagnosis&#46; Tay and Ong<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> reported a case similar to that of our patient&#46; Their patient had an angiosarcoma of the head and neck that mimicked episodes of edema or facial swelling&#59; diagnosis was delayed after the lesion responded partially to corticosteroid treatment&#46; The head-tilt examination maneuver&#44; in which the patient is asked to place his or her head below the level of the heart for 5-10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>seconds&#44; can be used to increase the congestion of the neoplastic vessels&#44; thus making the lesion more clinically apparent&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A pathologic examination like that described in our case&#44; plus the detection of CD34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>and CD31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>neoplastic cells&#44; allow this entity to be diagnosed&#46; Clinical differential diagnosis should include hematomas&#44; vascular tumors such as hemangioma and Kaposi sarcoma&#44; cutaneous lymphomas and pseudolymphomas&#44; cutaneous metastases&#44; lupus pernio&#44; and other skin tumors such as melanoma&#44; Merkel cell carcinoma&#44; and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The treatment of choice for localized disease is radical surgery&#44; which&#44; if performed early and followed by adjuvant radiation therapy&#44; is the only potentially curative treatment&#46; However&#44; when the tumor is unresectable and&#47;or metastatic disease is present&#44; the prognosis worsens considerably&#59; chemotherapy is the treatment of choice in such cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Radiation therapy can also be used to achieve good local tumor control in cases of metastatic or unresectable disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> A recent case report suggests that treatment with oral propranolol is effective for reducing the size of angiosarcomas&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> although in our case it was difficult to assess the response to this treatment because the patient had already started treatment with paclitaxel&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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