Case and Research Letters
Agminated Dermal Melanocytosis in the Territory of Ota's Nevus
Melanocitosis dérmica agminada en el territorio del nevus de Ota
L. Diluvio
, M. Mazzeo, L. Bianchi, E. Campione
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Unidad de Dermatología, Universidad de Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italia
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Diluvio, M. Mazzeo, L. Bianchi, E. Campione" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Diluvio" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "lauradiluvio@yahoo.it" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Mazzeo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Bianchi" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Campione" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Dermatología, Universidad de Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italia" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Melanocitosis dérmica agminada en el territorio del nevus de Ota" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2241 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 539289 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">a) Clinical aspect of pigmented lesion b) Dermoscopic features c) RCM in the top left corner: spinous-granular layer of epidermis. In the top right corner: dermo-epidermal junction and upper dermis. In the bottom left corner: upper dermis. In the bottom right corner. Reticular dermis d) OTC images.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Together with Mongolian spot, Ota's naevus, Ito's naevus, blue nevi are believed to represent a dermal arrest in embryonal migration of neural crest melanocytes that fail to reach epidermis. They usually appear in childhood but sometimes later in life.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> After a trauma, damaged keratinocytes and inflammatory cells can release alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, that could influence nevus cells to form larger nests and macroscopically visible nevi.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Blue nevi usually are solitary bluish-pigmented neoplasms, rarely are multiple and clustered in a well-circumscribed area, as agminated subtype. The Latin term “<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">agmen</span>” means “army” and indicates this rare flat or raised arranged group of nevi.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,4</span></a> These lesions are distributed on trunk, extremities and head/neck.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> A twenty-year-old Bulgarian, phototype IV boy presented with multiple asymptomatic pigmented lesions on right hemiface involving the three major branches of trigeminal nerve, developed since 18 months of age after a trauma. He underwent surgical treatments to reduce the involved area. Family history for skin cancer was negative. We observed approximately 100 maculo-papular, blue and brown lesions of different sizes, forming a cluster of nevi (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>a). The skin around papules was not discolored nor indurated. The surgical scar was not free of pigmentary process. Dermoscopy revealed homogeneous pattern with diffuse brownish areas, regular network at the periphery and numerous regularly distributed small dots or homogeneous blue-gray pattern (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>b). No background pigmentation was noted between lesions. Moreover we performed Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM) and a single lesion was excised for histological evaluation, disclosing typical findings of blue nevus. RCM displayed a regular epidermal architecture with a typical honeycomb pattern. At the spinous- granular layer we observed bright and polygonal keratinocytes with dark central nuclei. At basal layer we observed a single layer of refractive cells with cobblestone pattern. The dermo-epidermal junction was preserved with dermal papillae surrounded by luminous cells, with round nucleous and elongated cells, correlating to inflammmatory cells and melanophages. Within upper dermis, we noticed irregular bright area corresponding to collagen bundles. Irregular refractive structures with unvisible nucleous were observed within dermal papillae of reticular dermis corresponding melanophages, inflammatory cells and dendritic melanocytes (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>c). Histologic examination revealed deep and concentrated dermal fusiform or dentritic- like melanocytes, not arranged in clusters. Thickening of the connective tissue with melanophages was also observed. No bluish stain of the ipsilateral eye was observed and ophthalmic evaluation demonstrated a stromal corneal melanosis in the caruncle and corneal-limbal complex. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) visualized hyperreflective regular structure with definite margins in both regions (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>d). No pigmented areas were found under otolaryngological examination. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance displayed normal morphological and dimensional features and did not reveal signal intensity alterations of brain parenchyma. We report a case of a boy with congenital large agminated blue pigmented lesion within area of Ota's nevus. The nevus enclosed distribution of the first, second divisions of the trigeminal nerve, but also extended into the third branch, which is rarely seen in Ota's nevus. Physical exam revealed several maculo-papular blue and brown lesions, but the skin between papules appeared not discolored nor indurated. No bluish discoloration of the eye was observed, but a stromal corneal melanosis in the caruncle and corneal-limbal complex is also present. Furthermore no oral mucosal or neurological lesions were noted. Moreover, histologic examination showed dermal melanocytes are deeply located and densely packed. These features were consistent with diagnosis of blue nevus. However, it would appear that the blue nevus, Mongolian spot and the nevus of Ota are closely related and possibly represent different entities within the spectrum of blue lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Considering these results and treatment limitations due lesion size, a 3-months-follow-up of patient was followed, carrying out multidisciplinary management to rule out malignant changes. Dermoscopy is important for early detection of malignant transformation: agminated blue nevi are commonly characterized by homogeneous pattern with diffuse brownish areas, in combination with peripheral typical network and small dots. Furthermore, Pizzichetta reported darker sulci, brown veil and pseudopods.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> RCM is limited by penetration depth, but can identify malignant features, as pagetoid melanocytosis, cellular atypia, epidermal disarrangement.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The extracutaneous assessment to exclude ocular, neurologic and otolaryngoiatric involvement should be performed routinely. OCT imaging provides optical signs of ocular surface lesions, demonstrating benign findings as hyper-reflective appearance, well circumscribed lesion, regular margins, no invasion of surrounding tissue. Moreover, patients affected by multiple blue nevi, agminated blue nevus or giant blue nevus, particularly caucasians, should be monitored for ocular/orbital involvement and followed closely for signs of rapid growth. Indeed, in blue nevi and uveal melanoma occur somatic mutations in Guanine Nucleotide-binding Protein G(q) (GNAQ), protein encoded by GNAQ gene. These mutations turn GNAQ into a dominant acting oncogene, causing melanocytic neoplasia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,10</span></a> We described a case of agminated dermal melanocytosis in the territory of Ota's nevus, enriching the spectrum of bluish pigmented lesions. Moreover, an integrated team is needed to optimally manage patients with rare neoplasm.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack364964" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Références" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Diluvio L, Mazzeo M, Bianchi L, Campione E. Melanocitosis dérmica agminada en el territorio del nevus de Ota. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2018;109:653–655.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2241 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 539289 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">a) Clinical aspect of pigmented lesion b) Dermoscopic features c) RCM in the top left corner: spinous-granular layer of epidermis. In the top right corner: dermo-epidermal junction and upper dermis. In the bottom left corner: upper dermis. In the bottom right corner. Reticular dermis d) OTC images.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Références" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Multiple and agminated blue nevi" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "H. Shenfield" 1 => "J. 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 7 | 8 | 15 |
| 2024 Octubre | 87 | 39 | 126 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 96 | 30 | 126 |
| 2024 Agosto | 122 | 71 | 193 |
| 2024 Julio | 97 | 25 | 122 |
| 2024 Junio | 92 | 31 | 123 |
| 2024 Mayo | 78 | 40 | 118 |
| 2024 Abril | 79 | 29 | 108 |
| 2024 Marzo | 90 | 35 | 125 |
| 2024 Febrero | 81 | 32 | 113 |
| 2024 Enero | 81 | 29 | 110 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 65 | 22 | 87 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 65 | 27 | 92 |
| 2023 Octubre | 75 | 25 | 100 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 76 | 34 | 110 |
| 2023 Agosto | 71 | 16 | 87 |
| 2023 Julio | 71 | 44 | 115 |
| 2023 Junio | 55 | 25 | 80 |
| 2023 Mayo | 52 | 30 | 82 |
| 2023 Abril | 45 | 26 | 71 |
| 2023 Marzo | 60 | 39 | 99 |
| 2023 Febrero | 56 | 36 | 92 |
| 2023 Enero | 46 | 52 | 98 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 61 | 61 | 122 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 38 | 31 | 69 |
| 2022 Octubre | 31 | 12 | 43 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 37 | 36 | 73 |
| 2022 Agosto | 32 | 63 | 95 |
| 2022 Julio | 33 | 43 | 76 |
| 2022 Junio | 30 | 41 | 71 |
| 2022 Mayo | 47 | 43 | 90 |
| 2022 Abril | 66 | 56 | 122 |
| 2022 Marzo | 63 | 66 | 129 |
| 2022 Febrero | 51 | 41 | 92 |
| 2022 Enero | 60 | 57 | 117 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 50 | 54 | 104 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 54 | 55 | 109 |
| 2021 Octubre | 92 | 79 | 171 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 68 | 51 | 119 |
| 2021 Agosto | 49 | 39 | 88 |
| 2021 Julio | 47 | 44 | 91 |
| 2021 Junio | 55 | 47 | 102 |
| 2021 Mayo | 47 | 57 | 104 |
| 2021 Abril | 131 | 82 | 213 |
| 2021 Marzo | 83 | 54 | 137 |
| 2021 Febrero | 97 | 76 | 173 |
| 2021 Enero | 52 | 49 | 101 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 64 | 56 | 120 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 51 | 56 | 107 |
| 2020 Octubre | 33 | 19 | 52 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 38 | 27 | 65 |
| 2020 Agosto | 43 | 26 | 69 |
| 2020 Julio | 23 | 26 | 49 |
| 2020 Junio | 50 | 42 | 92 |
| 2020 Mayo | 31 | 27 | 58 |
| 2020 Abril | 27 | 13 | 40 |
| 2020 Marzo | 37 | 23 | 60 |
| 2020 Febrero | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2019 Mayo | 7 | 2 | 9 |
| 2019 Abril | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
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