Case and Research Letters
Closure of Large Lower Lip Defects: Combining a Karapandzic Flap and a Contralateral Sliding Flap
Cierre de grandes defectos en el labio inferior. Combinación: colgajo de Karapandzic y colgajo de deslizamiento contralateral
I. Pérez-López
, A. Martínez-López, J.C. Ruiz-Carrascosa, R. Ruiz-Villaverde
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Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Dermatología Médico Quirúrgica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, España
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Pérez-López, A. Martínez-López, J.C. Ruiz-Carrascosa, R. Ruiz-Villaverde" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Pérez-López" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "ipl_elmadrono@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Martínez-López" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.C." "apellidos" => "Ruiz-Carrascosa" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Ruiz-Villaverde" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Dermatología Médico Quirúrgica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, España" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Cierre de grandes defectos en el labio inferior. Combinación: colgajo de Karapandzic y colgajo de deslizamiento contralateral" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 732 "Ancho" => 975 "Tamanyo" => 172838 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tumor and planned incision mark.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dermatologic surgery of the lip is challenging, especially when defects are large, difficult to close, or might leave scars that can interfere with function or aesthetics.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> When direct closure is impossible, the surgeon must choose the most appropriate technique for the location in order to avoid complications.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Therefore, in the case we report we chose to close the wound with a Karapandzic flap combined with a contralateral sliding flap in order to ensure the functional integrity of the lip in accordance with the maxims of oncologic surgery on the face.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 54-year-old man with no personal or family medical history of interest, a smoker since the age of 20, presented with a tumor on the right lower lip of 6 months’ duration. He reported no bleeding, although he had felt increased pain in the last few weeks. Physical examination revealed a tumor 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in diameter at the largest point. The tumor was papilliform, hyperkeratotic, and had spread to the buccal mucosa at the labial commissure (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). The incision to remove the tumor included the full thickness of the skin and adequate margins (1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm). The wound was then closed with a Karapandzic flap combined with a contralateral sliding flap. The plane of dissection extended to the muscle, and efforts were made to preserve the shape and function of the mouth. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia and a local anesthetic (2% mepivacaine) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a> shows the early postoperative outcome.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The principal aim of oncologic surgery is to remove the lesion with tumor-free margins. The choice of reconstructive technique depends on the anatomical region involved, the depth and size of the tumor, the characteristics of adjacent tissue, and the surgeon's skill.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> If direct closure cannot be used because the defect is large and excessive tension would compromise function and aesthetics, the surgeon's second choice would be to use flaps.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2–5</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is no ideal method for lip reconstruction that avoids alterations of form or function such as microstomia or an incompetent oral commissure, which is associated with chronic drooling if there is suspension. If the lesion occupies more than a third of the lip, flaps are usually used to reconstruct these defects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The combination of a Karapandzic flap and a contralateral sliding flap provided several important advantages in this case: the technique could be completed in a single procedure; once the surgeon learns the technique it is accomplished quickly; and an important network of vessels and nerves are preserved, ensuring long-term safety with good movement and sensitivity. Moreover, this combination reduces the upper extension of the Karapandzic flap, thus avoiding damage to vessels and nerves (eg, the terminal mandibular and buccal branches of the facial nerve) that are sometimes associated with this flap.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The technique consists of excising the tumor and then cutting myocutaneous flaps, dissecting the orbicularis oris muscle to locate the arterial and venous branches of the facial vessels while attempting to avoid the nerve branches. The skin and muscle tissue can then slide forward, leaving the underlying muscle intact. These flaps are highly mobile and can be rotated toward the defect without constricting the vessels. Care should be taken to control bleeding before suturing the wound. The mucosal tissue and the muscle plane are first closed with absorbable sutures. Nonabsorbable sutures are then used to close the skin.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Other techniques, such as the V-block or the Estlander flap can cause functional complications and large defects. They are also more likely to lead to microstomia. The Gillies flap technique, which is even more invasive and leads to more complications, can be avoided when the surgical wound is to one side of the lip.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Pérez-López I, Martínez-López A, Ruiz-Carrascosa JC, Ruiz-Villaverde R. Cierre de grandes defectos en el labio inferior. Combinación: colgajo de Karapandzic y colgajo de deslizamiento contralateral. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2018;109:186–-187.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 732 "Ancho" => 975 "Tamanyo" => 172838 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tumor and planned incision mark.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1084 "Ancho" => 1600 "Tamanyo" => 382618 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Surgical steps from start to closure.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 647 "Ancho" => 1615 "Tamanyo" => 230660 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A, Early postoperative state. B, The oral commissure 1 month after closure.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Fundamentos quirúrgicos para la obtención de una cicatriz funcional y estética" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Perez Bustillo" 1 => "B. 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 8 | 6 | 14 |
| 2024 Octubre | 82 | 42 | 124 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 94 | 18 | 112 |
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| 2021 Diciembre | 108 | 45 | 153 |
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| 2021 Agosto | 105 | 38 | 143 |
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| 2020 Febrero | 2 | 0 | 2 |
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| 2018 Diciembre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
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