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the area of the Achilles tendon&#44; and the perimaleolar skin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present 3 patients on chemotherapy with taxanes who developed clinical manifestations similar to those described in this syndrome&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 3 patients were women aged 35&#44; 56&#44; and 68 years&#44; with infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast on adjuvant treatment with docetaxel and cyclophosphamide &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; They sought dermatologic evaluation for the appearance of painful erythematous-violaceous plaques with fine superficial desquamation on the dorsum of both hands &#40;Fig&#46; 1A&#41;&#46; The lesions interfered with their activities of daily living&#46; The lesions had arisen 3 to 12 days after the administration of chemotherapy&#44; and showed a clearly progressive deterioration with each cycle&#44; despite the use of topical corticosteroids&#46; Associated nail involvement in the 3 cases varied from fine parallel Beau lines and subungual splinter hemorrhages to frank distal onycholysis of the nail plate &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> B&#41;&#46; Physical examination revealed no lesions on the rest of the skin&#44; and the patients presented an otherwise good general state of health&#46; Histology of a 4-mm punch biopsy from the dorsum of the hand of patient number 2 revealed a hyperkeratotic epidermis with parakeratosis&#44; necrotic keratinocytes&#44; focal vacuolar degeneration of the basal layer&#44; and a band-like perivascular lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate with occasional eosinophils &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A and<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>B&#41;&#46; These findings were consistent with a clinical suspicion of taxane-induced toxicity&#46; Dose adjustment of the chemotherapy&#44; together with the application of topical corticosteroid therapy under occlusion controlled the lesions and significantly improved symptoms in all 3 patients&#46; Only 1 patient required a single course of a tapered regimen of oral corticosteroids for a severe deterioration of the lesions on the dorsum of the hands that interfered with her activities of daily living&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PATEO syndrome is a manifestation of taxane-induced cutaneous toxicity predominantly affecting acral areas and with associated nail alterations&#46; The frequency of this complication has been reported as 10&#37; and 5&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; in patients treated with paclitaxel and docetaxel&#44; and its intensity appears to increase with the cumulative dose and with weekly regimens&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Skin involvement is characterized by the presence of painful erythematous-violaceous plaques on the dorsum of the hands&#44; on the feet&#44; and in the area of the Achilles tendon&#59; these lesions can subsequently develop vesicles and flaking&#46; Severity is very variable&#44; from asymptomatic forms to ones that have a marked impact on the basic activities of daily living&#46; Some classifications&#44; such as those of the World Health Organization and the National Cancer Institute&#44; have established criteria of severity to evaluate acral skin involvement&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nail changes in these patients are due to the cytotoxic effect of taxanes and their presence is characteristic of this condition&#44; in contrast to other hand-foot syndromes secondary to anthracyclines or multikinase inhibitors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The cytotoxicity of these agents is due to their inhibition of microtubule function in cell division&#44; and is most intense in those epithelia with high rates of cell proliferation&#44; such as the nail matrix&#46; The most common changes described after the administration of these drugs are Beau lines&#44; onychomadesis&#44; onycholysis&#44; subungual splinter hemorrhages&#44; subungual hematomas&#44; leukonychia&#44; paronychia&#44; and nail hyperpigmentation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> Although the clinical manifestations are not usually severe&#44; some manifestations&#44; such as subungual hematomas&#44; abscesses&#44; and distal onycholysis can cause significant morbidity in oncologic patients and must be taken into consideration&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histology of the skin lesions reveals changes similar to those observed in typical palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia induced by other chemotherapeutic agents&#46; It is characterized by the presence of a hyperkeratotic and acanthotic epidermis&#44; with necrotic keratinocytes&#44; focal vacuolar degeneration of the basal layer&#44; blood-vessel dilatation&#44; and a lichenoid inflammatory infiltrate with few lymphocytes&#44; neutrophils&#44; or eosinophils&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In clinical practice&#44; the impact of PATEO syndrome on the quality of life of oncology patients is a frequent cause of dose reduction of the chemotherapy regimen&#44; as occurred in our patient number 2&#46; In the most severe and disabling cases&#44; discontinuation of treatment may even be indicated&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Preventive measures are an essential strategy to reduce the morbidity associated with these treatments in debilitated patients&#46; Local hypothermia using socks or gloves during infusions of the drug can be effective&#44; though this cannot be extended to other chemotherapy regimens with oral administration&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the high frequency of dermatologic consultations related to the side effects of chemotherapy in oncology patients&#44; we consider it important to be aware of this atypical form of acral erythema and of its management as&#44; in disabling cases&#44; it can require dose reduction or a temporary interruption of the chemotherapy treatment&#46; It is notable that all 3 of our patients were on combined treatment with cyclophosphamide and docetaxel for adenocarcinoma of the breast&#44; and the possibility that the combination may have increased the cutaneous morbidity compared with the administration of docetaxel in monotherapy cannot therefore be excluded&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Please cite this article as&#58; Rodr&#237;guez-Lomba E&#44; Molina-L&#243;pez I&#44; Su&#225;rez-Fern&#225;ndez R&#44; Baniandr&#233;s-Rodr&#237;guez O&#46; S&#237;ndrome de eritema tenar periarticular y onicolisis&#58; una manifestaci&#243;n de toxicidad cut&#225;nea por taxanos&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2017&#59;108&#58;595&#8211;597&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Periarticular thenar erythema and onycholysis syndrome&#58; Docetaxel-induced skin and nail changes&#46; A&#44; Patient<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46; Erythematous-violaceous plaques on the dorsum of the hands and over the proximal phalanx&#46; B&#44; Nail changes in patient 3&#58; parallel Beau lines and onycholysis of the distal third of the nail plate&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histology of the lesion on the dorsum of the hand of patient<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46; A&#44; Hyperkeratotic epidermis with parakeratosis&#44; foci of vacuolar degeneration of the basal layer&#44; and a band-like perivascular infiltrate with occasional eosinophils&#46; Hematoxylin and eosin&#44; original magnification &#215;10&#46; B&#44; At higher power&#44; evidence of necrotic keratinocytes in the epidermis&#46; Hematoxylin and eosin&#44; original magnification<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;40&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; G-CSF&#44; granulocyte colony stimulating factor&#59; NCI&#44; National Cancer Institute&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age&#44; y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tumor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adjuvant Chemotherapy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Latency<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cumulative Dose<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NCI Grade<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the right breast&#44; T2N1M0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Docetaxel<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43; cyclophosphamide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 d&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Third cycle&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Topical corticosteroid<br>Oral pyridoxine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the left breast&#44; T2N0M0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Docetaxel<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43; cyclophosphamide<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43; G-CSF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 d&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Second cycle&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Topical corticosteroid<br>Tapering regimen of prednisone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the left breast&#44; T2N0M0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 d&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Topical corticosteroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Epidemiologic&#44; Clinical&#44; and Therapeutic Details of 3 Cases of Periarticular Thenar Erythema and Onycholysis Syndrome&#46;</p>"
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                      ]
                    ]
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                          "etal" => false
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Case and Research Letters
Periarticular Thenar Erythema and Onycholysis Syndrome: A Manifestation of Taxane-Induced Cutaneous Toxicity
Síndrome de eritema tenar periarticular y onicolisis: una manifestación de toxicidad cutánea por taxanos
E. Rodríguez-Lomba
Autor para correspondencia
enriquerlomba@outlook.com

Corresponding author.
, I. Molina-López, R. Suárez-Fernández, O. Baniandrés-Rodríguez
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years&#44; the widespread use of taxane-based chemotherapy regimens for the management of malignant tumors of various origins has evidenced the high frequency of cutaneous toxicity induced by this pharmacological group&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In 2003&#44; among its possible manifestations&#44; Childress and Lokich<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> defined periarticular thenar erythema and onycholysis &#40;PATEO&#41; syndrome as a rare subtype of hand-foot syndrome associated with nail changes in patients treated with paclitaxel and docetaxel&#46; In contrast to typical palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia&#44; or classic hand-foot syndrome&#44; skin involvement in this syndrome is characterized by an absence of involvement of the palms and soles and by the presence of alterations predominantly affecting the dorsum of the hands &#40;particularly around the base of the thumb and fifth finger&#41;&#44; the area of the Achilles tendon&#44; and the perimaleolar skin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present 3 patients on chemotherapy with taxanes who developed clinical manifestations similar to those described in this syndrome&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 3 patients were women aged 35&#44; 56&#44; and 68 years&#44; with infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast on adjuvant treatment with docetaxel and cyclophosphamide &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; They sought dermatologic evaluation for the appearance of painful erythematous-violaceous plaques with fine superficial desquamation on the dorsum of both hands &#40;Fig&#46; 1A&#41;&#46; The lesions interfered with their activities of daily living&#46; The lesions had arisen 3 to 12 days after the administration of chemotherapy&#44; and showed a clearly progressive deterioration with each cycle&#44; despite the use of topical corticosteroids&#46; Associated nail involvement in the 3 cases varied from fine parallel Beau lines and subungual splinter hemorrhages to frank distal onycholysis of the nail plate &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> B&#41;&#46; Physical examination revealed no lesions on the rest of the skin&#44; and the patients presented an otherwise good general state of health&#46; Histology of a 4-mm punch biopsy from the dorsum of the hand of patient number 2 revealed a hyperkeratotic epidermis with parakeratosis&#44; necrotic keratinocytes&#44; focal vacuolar degeneration of the basal layer&#44; and a band-like perivascular lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate with occasional eosinophils &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A and<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>B&#41;&#46; These findings were consistent with a clinical suspicion of taxane-induced toxicity&#46; Dose adjustment of the chemotherapy&#44; together with the application of topical corticosteroid therapy under occlusion controlled the lesions and significantly improved symptoms in all 3 patients&#46; Only 1 patient required a single course of a tapered regimen of oral corticosteroids for a severe deterioration of the lesions on the dorsum of the hands that interfered with her activities of daily living&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PATEO syndrome is a manifestation of taxane-induced cutaneous toxicity predominantly affecting acral areas and with associated nail alterations&#46; The frequency of this complication has been reported as 10&#37; and 5&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; in patients treated with paclitaxel and docetaxel&#44; and its intensity appears to increase with the cumulative dose and with weekly regimens&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Skin involvement is characterized by the presence of painful erythematous-violaceous plaques on the dorsum of the hands&#44; on the feet&#44; and in the area of the Achilles tendon&#59; these lesions can subsequently develop vesicles and flaking&#46; Severity is very variable&#44; from asymptomatic forms to ones that have a marked impact on the basic activities of daily living&#46; Some classifications&#44; such as those of the World Health Organization and the National Cancer Institute&#44; have established criteria of severity to evaluate acral skin involvement&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nail changes in these patients are due to the cytotoxic effect of taxanes and their presence is characteristic of this condition&#44; in contrast to other hand-foot syndromes secondary to anthracyclines or multikinase inhibitors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The cytotoxicity of these agents is due to their inhibition of microtubule function in cell division&#44; and is most intense in those epithelia with high rates of cell proliferation&#44; such as the nail matrix&#46; The most common changes described after the administration of these drugs are Beau lines&#44; onychomadesis&#44; onycholysis&#44; subungual splinter hemorrhages&#44; subungual hematomas&#44; leukonychia&#44; paronychia&#44; and nail hyperpigmentation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> Although the clinical manifestations are not usually severe&#44; some manifestations&#44; such as subungual hematomas&#44; abscesses&#44; and distal onycholysis can cause significant morbidity in oncologic patients and must be taken into consideration&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histology of the skin lesions reveals changes similar to those observed in typical palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia induced by other chemotherapeutic agents&#46; It is characterized by the presence of a hyperkeratotic and acanthotic epidermis&#44; with necrotic keratinocytes&#44; focal vacuolar degeneration of the basal layer&#44; blood-vessel dilatation&#44; and a lichenoid inflammatory infiltrate with few lymphocytes&#44; neutrophils&#44; or eosinophils&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In clinical practice&#44; the impact of PATEO syndrome on the quality of life of oncology patients is a frequent cause of dose reduction of the chemotherapy regimen&#44; as occurred in our patient number 2&#46; In the most severe and disabling cases&#44; discontinuation of treatment may even be indicated&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Preventive measures are an essential strategy to reduce the morbidity associated with these treatments in debilitated patients&#46; Local hypothermia using socks or gloves during infusions of the drug can be effective&#44; though this cannot be extended to other chemotherapy regimens with oral administration&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the high frequency of dermatologic consultations related to the side effects of chemotherapy in oncology patients&#44; we consider it important to be aware of this atypical form of acral erythema and of its management as&#44; in disabling cases&#44; it can require dose reduction or a temporary interruption of the chemotherapy treatment&#46; It is notable that all 3 of our patients were on combined treatment with cyclophosphamide and docetaxel for adenocarcinoma of the breast&#44; and the possibility that the combination may have increased the cutaneous morbidity compared with the administration of docetaxel in monotherapy cannot therefore be excluded&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Please cite this article as&#58; Rodr&#237;guez-Lomba E&#44; Molina-L&#243;pez I&#44; Su&#225;rez-Fern&#225;ndez R&#44; Baniandr&#233;s-Rodr&#237;guez O&#46; S&#237;ndrome de eritema tenar periarticular y onicolisis&#58; una manifestaci&#243;n de toxicidad cut&#225;nea por taxanos&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2017&#59;108&#58;595&#8211;597&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Periarticular thenar erythema and onycholysis syndrome&#58; Docetaxel-induced skin and nail changes&#46; A&#44; Patient<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46; Erythematous-violaceous plaques on the dorsum of the hands and over the proximal phalanx&#46; B&#44; Nail changes in patient 3&#58; parallel Beau lines and onycholysis of the distal third of the nail plate&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histology of the lesion on the dorsum of the hand of patient<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46; A&#44; Hyperkeratotic epidermis with parakeratosis&#44; foci of vacuolar degeneration of the basal layer&#44; and a band-like perivascular infiltrate with occasional eosinophils&#46; Hematoxylin and eosin&#44; original magnification &#215;10&#46; B&#44; At higher power&#44; evidence of necrotic keratinocytes in the epidermis&#46; Hematoxylin and eosin&#44; original magnification<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;40&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; G-CSF&#44; granulocyte colony stimulating factor&#59; NCI&#44; National Cancer Institute&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age&#44; y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tumor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adjuvant Chemotherapy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Latency<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cumulative Dose<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NCI Grade<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the right breast&#44; T2N1M0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Docetaxel<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43; cyclophosphamide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 d&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Third cycle&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Topical corticosteroid<br>Oral pyridoxine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the left breast&#44; T2N0M0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Docetaxel<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43; cyclophosphamide<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43; G-CSF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 d&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Second cycle&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Topical corticosteroid<br>Tapering regimen of prednisone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the left breast&#44; T2N0M0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 d&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Topical corticosteroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">National Cancer Institute classification of the severity of acral erythema&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;7</span></a></p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Epidemiologic&#44; Clinical&#44; and Therapeutic Details of 3 Cases of Periarticular Thenar Erythema and Onycholysis Syndrome&#46;</p>"
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                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "203&#46;e1-203e12"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cutaneous reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted therapies for cancer&#58; Part I&#46; Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46;M&#46; Reyes-Habito"
                            1 => "E&#46;K&#46; Roh"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Cutaneous hand and foot toxicity associated with cancer chemotherapy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Childress"
                            1 => "J&#46; Lokich"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/01.coc.0000026486.56886.18"
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                        "volumen" => "26"
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                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14528066"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antimicrotubule agents"
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                            0 => "C&#46; Garbe"
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                      "LibroEditado" => array:5 [
                        "titulo" => "Dermatologic principles and practice in oncology&#58; Conditions of the skin&#44; hair and nails in cancer patients"
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                        "serieFecha" => "2014"
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            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome and nail changes&#58; A review of clinical presentation&#44; etiology&#44; pathogenesis&#44; and management"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
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                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "K&#46;K&#46; Miller"
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                    0 => array:2 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Taxane-induced nail changes&#58; Incidence&#44; clinical presentation and outcome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
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                            5 => "C&#46; Sacco"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "333"
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