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1</a>A&#41;&#46; Ultrasound showed a well-defined lesion measuring 37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in the subcutaneous cellular tissue&#46; The lesion was composed of anechoic lacunae separated by hypoechoic septa&#46; These septa were enhanced on color Doppler &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41;&#46; The histopathologic diagnosis after excision of the lesion was ADF &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#44; C and D&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Case 2</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This patient was a woman aged 34 years&#46; She presented a lesion that had arisen on her right arm 2 years earlier and that had become pruritic in the previous 4 months&#46; She had a past history of surgery for ectopic breast tissue and polycystic ovary syndrome on treatment with oral contraceptives&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical examination revealed a nontender violaceous papule of 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in diameter&#46; On ultrasound we observed a well-defined&#44; hypoechoic lesion with a central anechoic area &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>A&#41;&#46; Color Doppler revealed complete filling of the lesion with the exception of a small anechoic area&#46; Pulsed Doppler showed a venous wave &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>B&#41;&#46; The histopathologic diagnosis after excision was ADF &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>C&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dermatofibroma is a common benign cutaneous tumor&#46; ADF is a rare clinical-pathologic variant described by Santa Cruz and Kyriakos in 1981<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#59; it accounts for less than 1&#46;7&#37; of all dermatofibromas&#46; ADF presents as a violaceous or bluish tumor and is usually larger than the more common variants&#46; It may show a sudden spontaneous increase in size or pain due to intratumoral hemorrhage&#46; These tumors usually arise on the limbs&#59; only 12&#37; are found on the trunk&#46; The postsurgical recurrence rate is 19&#37;&#44; and although the lesions are usually limited to the dermis&#44; they can sometimes extend into the hypodermis and affect lymph nodes or bone&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> Histopathology reveals cells with a fibrohistiocytic appearance&#44; blood vessels&#44; and hemosiderin surrounding ectatic blood-filled spaces&#46; These spaces have no endothelial lining&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dermoscopically&#44; the lesion has been described as a central homogeneous bluish or reddish area&#44; a peripheral pigment network&#44; and central whitish linear structures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Confocal microscopy shows hyporeflective areas&#44; which correspond to the vascular zones&#44; associated with other hyperreflective areas&#44; which correspond to the more dense cellular zones&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dermatofibroma has been described on ultrasound as a solid hypoechoic nodule&#44; in the form of a well-defined disc localized in the dermis or hypodermis&#44; usually producing distortion of adjacent hair follicles and occasionally showing peripheral vascularization&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a> In the literature we have found no descriptions of the ultrasound findings of ADF&#44; though the findings of angiomatoid fibrohistiocytoma have been published&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Hata et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> described a patient aged 77 years with a 4-month history of a lesion in the temporal region that&#44; on ultrasound&#44; presented anechoic structures with no Doppler flow&#44; interpreted as vascular channels filled with blood&#44; and peripheral hypoechoic areas with different degrees of vascularization&#44; which they considered to be more cellular areas with blood vessels&#46; In our first case&#44; we could also make this same ultrasound-histologic correlation&#44; though this was a longer-standing lesion&#44; of larger size&#44; with numerous intratumoral bleeds&#44; and with more ectatic areas&#46; Given the patient&#39;s past history&#44; the differential diagnosis included a possible skin metastasis&#44; although the lesion was very homogeneous and of pseudoencapsulated appearance&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our second case&#44; the marked vascularization present on Doppler led us to consider a differential diagnosis with venous malformations&#46; On ultrasound&#44; venous malformations are seen as tubular structures&#44; occasionally with hyperechoic structures with a posterior shadow &#40;phleboliths&#41;&#44; with a venous wave on pulsed Doppler&#46; In this case&#44; as the lesion was small and had not presented episodes of increasing size&#44; we observed a predominance of areas with Doppler flow and a smaller anechoic central region&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; Doppler can be a very useful tool for the diagnosis of ADF&#46; The anechoic areas with no flow correspond histologically to the ectatic areas and the regions with Doppler flow correspond to the vascularized and cellular areas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Echeverr&#237;a-Garc&#237;a B&#44; Garc&#237;a-Donoso C&#44; Tard&#237;o JC&#44; Borbujo J&#46; Ecograf&#237;a Doppler en el dermatofibroma aneurism&#225;tico&#46; Actas Dermosifiliogr&#46; 2017&#59;108&#58;159&#8211;161&#46;</p>"
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Case and Research Letter
Doppler Ultrasound of Aneurysmal Dermatofibroma
Ecografía Doppler en el dermatofibroma aneurismático
B. Echeverría-Garcíaa,
Autor para correspondencia
, C. García-Donosoa, J.C. Tardíob, J. Borbujoa
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">G&#252;ng&#246;r et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> recently published the dermoscopic and confocal microscopy findings of an aneurysmal dermatofibroma &#40;ADF&#41;&#46; In this paper we describe the usefulness of Doppler in the diagnosis of this entity&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Case 1</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 64-year-old man was seen for a 1-year history of an abdominal wall tumor that presented episodes of increase in size&#44; redness&#44; and pain&#46; The patient had undergone surgery 2 years earlier for squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx&#59; the metastatic work-up had shown no signs of recurrence or distant tumor spread&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical examination revealed a tender violaceous tumor of 3&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in diameter in the mesogastric region &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#46; Ultrasound showed a well-defined lesion measuring 37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in the subcutaneous cellular tissue&#46; The lesion was composed of anechoic lacunae separated by hypoechoic septa&#46; These septa were enhanced on color Doppler &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41;&#46; The histopathologic diagnosis after excision of the lesion was ADF &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#44; C and D&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Case 2</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This patient was a woman aged 34 years&#46; She presented a lesion that had arisen on her right arm 2 years earlier and that had become pruritic in the previous 4 months&#46; She had a past history of surgery for ectopic breast tissue and polycystic ovary syndrome on treatment with oral contraceptives&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical examination revealed a nontender violaceous papule of 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in diameter&#46; On ultrasound we observed a well-defined&#44; hypoechoic lesion with a central anechoic area &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>A&#41;&#46; Color Doppler revealed complete filling of the lesion with the exception of a small anechoic area&#46; Pulsed Doppler showed a venous wave &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>B&#41;&#46; The histopathologic diagnosis after excision was ADF &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>C&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dermatofibroma is a common benign cutaneous tumor&#46; ADF is a rare clinical-pathologic variant described by Santa Cruz and Kyriakos in 1981<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#59; it accounts for less than 1&#46;7&#37; of all dermatofibromas&#46; ADF presents as a violaceous or bluish tumor and is usually larger than the more common variants&#46; It may show a sudden spontaneous increase in size or pain due to intratumoral hemorrhage&#46; These tumors usually arise on the limbs&#59; only 12&#37; are found on the trunk&#46; The postsurgical recurrence rate is 19&#37;&#44; and although the lesions are usually limited to the dermis&#44; they can sometimes extend into the hypodermis and affect lymph nodes or bone&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> Histopathology reveals cells with a fibrohistiocytic appearance&#44; blood vessels&#44; and hemosiderin surrounding ectatic blood-filled spaces&#46; These spaces have no endothelial lining&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dermoscopically&#44; the lesion has been described as a central homogeneous bluish or reddish area&#44; a peripheral pigment network&#44; and central whitish linear structures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Confocal microscopy shows hyporeflective areas&#44; which correspond to the vascular zones&#44; associated with other hyperreflective areas&#44; which correspond to the more dense cellular zones&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dermatofibroma has been described on ultrasound as a solid hypoechoic nodule&#44; in the form of a well-defined disc localized in the dermis or hypodermis&#44; usually producing distortion of adjacent hair follicles and occasionally showing peripheral vascularization&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a> In the literature we have found no descriptions of the ultrasound findings of ADF&#44; though the findings of angiomatoid fibrohistiocytoma have been published&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Hata et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> described a patient aged 77 years with a 4-month history of a lesion in the temporal region that&#44; on ultrasound&#44; presented anechoic structures with no Doppler flow&#44; interpreted as vascular channels filled with blood&#44; and peripheral hypoechoic areas with different degrees of vascularization&#44; which they considered to be more cellular areas with blood vessels&#46; In our first case&#44; we could also make this same ultrasound-histologic correlation&#44; though this was a longer-standing lesion&#44; of larger size&#44; with numerous intratumoral bleeds&#44; and with more ectatic areas&#46; Given the patient&#39;s past history&#44; the differential diagnosis included a possible skin metastasis&#44; although the lesion was very homogeneous and of pseudoencapsulated appearance&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our second case&#44; the marked vascularization present on Doppler led us to consider a differential diagnosis with venous malformations&#46; On ultrasound&#44; venous malformations are seen as tubular structures&#44; occasionally with hyperechoic structures with a posterior shadow &#40;phleboliths&#41;&#44; with a venous wave on pulsed Doppler&#46; In this case&#44; as the lesion was small and had not presented episodes of increasing size&#44; we observed a predominance of areas with Doppler flow and a smaller anechoic central region&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; Doppler can be a very useful tool for the diagnosis of ADF&#46; The anechoic areas with no flow correspond histologically to the ectatic areas and the regions with Doppler flow correspond to the vascularized and cellular areas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Case 1&#46; A&#44; Nodule in the mesogastric region&#46; B&#44; Color Doppler&#44; longitudinal axis&#44; 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mhz&#46; In the subcutaneous cellular tissue&#44; a well-defined tumor formed of anechoic lacunae surrounded by hypoechoic septa with flow in their interior &#40;center and left of the image&#41; and destructured hypoechoic areas &#40;right side of the image&#41;&#46; C&#44; Macroscopic appearance of the tumor after surgical excision&#44; showing the lacunar structures visible on ultrasound&#46; D&#44; Ectasias containing red blood cells but with no endothelium&#44; surrounded by cells of fibrohistiocytic appearance&#46; Hematoxylin and eosin&#44; original magnification<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>x100&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Case 2&#46; A&#44; Gray scale&#58; Well-defined hypoechoic lesion situated in the dermis and in the subcutaneous cellular tissue&#46; B&#44; Pulsed Doppler&#58; Filling of the lesion with a venous wave&#46; C&#44; Ectasia containing red blood cells but with no endothelium&#44; surrounded by fibrohistiocytic cells and extravasated red blood cells&#46; Hematoxylin and eosin&#44; original magnification<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>x400&#46;</p>"
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