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"tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "601" "paginaFinal" => "602" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "F.J. Navarro-Triviño, R. Ruíz-Villaverde, R. Naranjo-Sintes" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "F.J." "apellidos" => "Navarro-Triviño" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "fntmed@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Ruíz-Villaverde" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Naranjo-Sintes" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Dermatología Médico-Quirúrgica y Venereología, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Granada, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "FR. Hemangiomas infantiles y β-bloqueantes. Cuándo, cómo y por qué" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Infantile hemangioma (IH) is 1 of the most common benign tumors of childhood, with an incidence of between 4% and 10%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The majority of IHs appear in the first week of life, although they can sometimes be observed at birth.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some IHs arise in areas that affect the airway or vision and some ulcerate or progress to leave significant sequelae; in these situations, treatment is required. Since the first report by Léauté-Labrèze et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> in 2008, β-blockers have become first-line treatment. A study comparing propranolol with placebo for the treatment of IH was published recently and demonstrated the efficacy of a dose of 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg/d and the low rate of recurrences that required reintroduction of the treatment (10%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A key concept in the management of IH is when to start treatment. The recommendation is to initiate treatment at the start of the growth phase. However, delayed consultation is not an impediment to prescription, though the anticipated response rate will be noticeably lower.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 3 main β-blocker drugs available for the treatment of IH are propranolol, nadolol, and timolol.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Propranolol was the first β-blocker used to treat IH. Although topical formulations (1% cream or ointment) are available, the oral preparations are preferred. Propranolol solution, 3.75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/ml, has recently become available. The recommended initial dosage is 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg/d, divided into 2 doses of 0.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg. The highest efficacy and best tolerance were achieved with a dosage of 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg/d for 6 months. The dosage can be increased by 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg each week to reach 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg/d, except in PHACES (posterior fossa malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac defects, eye abnormalities, sternal cleft, and supraumbilical raphe) syndrome, in which the dosage is increased by 0.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg each week. Patient monitoring (whether in the hospital environment or in the community) is recommended for the first 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours after administering the drug, performing clinical observation and heart rate monitoring, although protocols vary between centers. If the heart rate or blood pressure are below predetermined limits in 2 successive controls, treatment must be discontinued. It is advisable to administer the treatment immediately after feeding to avoid the risk of hypoglycemia.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients who present sleep disorders (agitation, insomnia) or nightmares during treatment with propranolol, nadolol should be used in its place as it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Nadolol is available as an oral solution, 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/ml, and is administered at an initial dosage of 0.5 to 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg/d divided into 2 daily doses. The dosage can be increased by 0.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg per week to a maximum of 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg/d. Nadolol and propanolol have shown similar efficacy in the treatment of IH.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Timolol maleate is an interesting alternative in patients with periocular or superficial IH. In daily clinical practice it is preferred for its availability, and it is widely used as a 0.25% or 0.5% solution applied twice daily. This drug can be used in patients under 1 month of age. When a good response is achieved, treatment should be continued for a month after observing complete regression. Treatment can be reintroduced if the IH reappears, but the response rate is variable. The majority of published cases are of superficial periocular lesions.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adverse effects during treatment with β-blockers must be taken into account. These include vasospasm, hypoglycemia, hypotension, heart block, bronchospasm, and anaphylactic shock.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Contraindications to the use of β-blockers are listed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, β-blockers have revolutionized the management of IH, and knowledge of their efficacy and safety has now become not just necessary, but absolutely obligatory for the dermatologist.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec824386" "palabras" => array:2 [ 0 => "β-blockers" 1 => "Infantile hemangiomas" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Navarro-Triviño FJ. FR. Hemangiomas infantiles y β-bloqueantes. Cuándo, cómo y por qué. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2016;107:601–602.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Contraindications to Treatment With β-Blockers \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cardiogenic shock \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sinus bradycardia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hypotension \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Atrioventricular block: first degree or higher \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Heart failure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Asthma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Drug hypersensitivity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1393421.png" ] ] ] ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Propranolol for severe infantile hemangiomas: Follow-up report" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V. 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2024 Abril | 77 | 28 | 105 |
2024 Marzo | 75 | 27 | 102 |
2024 Febrero | 69 | 30 | 99 |
2024 Enero | 57 | 30 | 87 |
2023 Diciembre | 57 | 22 | 79 |
2023 Noviembre | 83 | 26 | 109 |
2023 Octubre | 71 | 17 | 88 |
2023 Septiembre | 73 | 32 | 105 |
2023 Agosto | 46 | 17 | 63 |
2023 Julio | 45 | 32 | 77 |
2023 Junio | 48 | 22 | 70 |
2023 Mayo | 59 | 24 | 83 |
2023 Abril | 47 | 24 | 71 |
2023 Marzo | 62 | 25 | 87 |
2023 Febrero | 55 | 24 | 79 |
2023 Enero | 44 | 24 | 68 |
2022 Diciembre | 53 | 36 | 89 |
2022 Noviembre | 40 | 27 | 67 |
2022 Octubre | 46 | 20 | 66 |
2022 Septiembre | 37 | 38 | 75 |
2022 Agosto | 20 | 31 | 51 |
2022 Julio | 22 | 36 | 58 |
2022 Junio | 22 | 24 | 46 |
2022 Mayo | 36 | 36 | 72 |
2022 Abril | 64 | 33 | 97 |
2022 Marzo | 54 | 47 | 101 |
2022 Febrero | 49 | 26 | 75 |
2022 Enero | 29 | 32 | 61 |
2021 Diciembre | 22 | 35 | 57 |
2021 Noviembre | 37 | 41 | 78 |
2021 Octubre | 43 | 46 | 89 |
2021 Septiembre | 32 | 40 | 72 |
2021 Agosto | 37 | 26 | 63 |
2021 Julio | 38 | 27 | 65 |
2021 Junio | 36 | 20 | 56 |
2021 Mayo | 45 | 47 | 92 |
2021 Abril | 76 | 47 | 123 |
2021 Marzo | 63 | 23 | 86 |
2021 Febrero | 55 | 28 | 83 |
2021 Enero | 37 | 17 | 54 |
2020 Diciembre | 36 | 19 | 55 |
2020 Noviembre | 29 | 18 | 47 |
2020 Octubre | 33 | 16 | 49 |
2020 Septiembre | 43 | 17 | 60 |
2020 Agosto | 37 | 14 | 51 |
2020 Julio | 25 | 18 | 43 |
2020 Junio | 37 | 22 | 59 |
2020 Mayo | 42 | 15 | 57 |
2020 Abril | 54 | 21 | 75 |
2020 Marzo | 25 | 14 | 39 |
2020 Febrero | 3 | 0 | 3 |
2019 Mayo | 3 | 1 | 4 |
2019 Abril | 0 | 2 | 2 |
2019 Marzo | 0 | 1 | 1 |
2019 Enero | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2018 Diciembre | 3 | 0 | 3 |
2018 Noviembre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
2018 Octubre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
2018 Septiembre | 4 | 0 | 4 |
2018 Febrero | 18 | 5 | 23 |
2018 Enero | 23 | 11 | 34 |
2017 Diciembre | 31 | 6 | 37 |
2017 Noviembre | 21 | 9 | 30 |
2017 Octubre | 28 | 6 | 34 |
2017 Septiembre | 25 | 8 | 33 |
2017 Agosto | 23 | 9 | 32 |
2017 Julio | 34 | 10 | 44 |
2017 Junio | 30 | 6 | 36 |
2017 Mayo | 24 | 11 | 35 |
2017 Abril | 25 | 10 | 35 |
2017 Marzo | 10 | 8 | 18 |
2017 Febrero | 22 | 10 | 32 |
2017 Enero | 15 | 6 | 21 |
2016 Diciembre | 27 | 20 | 47 |
2016 Noviembre | 27 | 29 | 56 |
2016 Octubre | 27 | 15 | 42 |
2016 Septiembre | 0 | 1 | 1 |
2016 Julio | 2 | 6 | 8 |