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Allergic Contact Dermatitis Due to Cosmetics: A Clinical and Epidemiological Study in a Tertiary Hospital
Dermatitis alérgica de contacto a cosméticos, estudio clínico-epidemiológico en un hospital terciario
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Zaragoza-Ninet, R. Blasco Encinas, J.J. Vilata-Corell, A. Pérez-Ferriols, C. Sierra-Talamantes, A. Esteve-Martínez, J. de la Cuadra-Oyanguren" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Zaragoza-Ninet" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Blasco Encinas" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.J." "apellidos" => "Vilata-Corell" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Pérez-Ferriols" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Sierra-Talamantes" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Esteve-Martínez" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." 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B, Multiple reddish-violaceous papules coalescing to form plaques on the anterior surface of the legs. C, Ultrasound of the nodule revealed a solid, hypoechoic, homogeneous oval lesion with well-defined and regular edges in the papillary and reticular dermis. Color Doppler revealed mild intralesional vascularization in the inferior pole. D, Ultrasound examination of the plaque revealed a solid, hypoechoic, heterogeneous lesion with irregular, acicular edges in the papillary dermis. No intralesional vascularization was observed in color Doppler.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "R. Carrascosa, F. Alfageme, G. Roustán, M.D. Suarez" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Carrascosa" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Alfageme" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." 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All ages.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Tejera-Vaquerizo, M.A. Descalzo-Gallego, M.M. Otero-Rivas, C. Posada-García, L. Rodríguez-Pazos, I. Pastushenko, R. Marcos-Gragera, I. García-Doval" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Tejera-Vaquerizo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.A." "apellidos" => "Descalzo-Gallego" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.M." "apellidos" => "Otero-Rivas" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Posada-García" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez-Pazos" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Pastushenko" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Marcos-Gragera" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." 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Zaragoza-Ninet, R. Blasco Encinas, J.J. Vilata-Corell, A. Pérez-Ferriols, C. Sierra-Talamantes, A. Esteve-Martínez, J. de la Cuadra-Oyanguren" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Zaragoza-Ninet" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "viozaragozaninet@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Blasco Encinas" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.J." "apellidos" => "Vilata-Corell" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Pérez-Ferriols" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Sierra-Talamantes" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Esteve-Martínez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "de la Cuadra-Oyanguren" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Control de Gestión, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Dermatitis alérgica de contacto a cosméticos, estudio clínico-epidemiológico en un hospital terciario" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0025" "etiqueta" => "Figure 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg" "Alto" => 1741 "Ancho" => 2424 "Tamanyo" => 221645 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Allergens causing ACD to cosmetics during the second period (2005-2013).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In today's society, physical beauty is more strongly pursued than ever and is considered synonymous with success and happiness. The associated social and cultural pressure transmitted and boosted by the media and advertising has led to mass—and even pathological—consumption of multiple beauty products and services. Cosmetics are the most important products on the beauty market, and their growth and diversification seem unstoppable.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> However, despite being subject to strict legislation,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> cosmetics are not free from adverse reactions.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Few data are available on the real incidence of adverse reactions to cosmetics, which, although estimated at 12% in the general population, has reached 47% in patients referred for patch testing.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Adverse reactions to cosmetics most commonly manifest as contact dermatitis, with irritant contact dermatitis the most frequent form. However, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is of particular interest because of the severity of the symptoms it produces, the need to identify the allergen before the condition can be cured, and the risk of cross-reactions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of ACD to cosmetics in patients referred for patch testing was traditionally reported to be 2%-4%, although more recent studies point to a progressive increase in these values.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objectives of the present study were to analyze the prevalence of ACD to cosmetics and the progress of the condition over time, describe the clinical and epidemiological features of the reaction, and identify the allergens and cosmetics involved.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Material and Methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We included all patients who underwent patch testing at the Skin Allergy Unit of Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain between January 1996 and December 2013. We performed a prospective study during 2005-2013, the results of which were compared with those from the preceding period (1996-2004). We recorded epidemiological variables (sex, age, profession, atopy), clinical variables (skin lesions, duration, location, initial diagnosis), and variables associated with the examinations (patch testing, positive patch test results, relevance, cosmetic products, and source of sensitization). All patients underwent patch testing with the standard series of the Spanish Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergy Research Group (Martí Tor). Depending on the findings from the clinical history, additional testing was performed with specific allergen series (Martí Tor) or with the patient's own products. Readings were taken at 48 and 96<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours following the recommendations of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A descriptive statistical analysis was performed to determine the general prevalence trends and sociodemographic profiles of patients with ACD to cosmetics. Using contingency tables and significance testing, we also identified the epidemiological and diagnostic characteristics associated with the development of ACD to cosmetics.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Results</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study population comprised 5419 patients. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows data for all the patients who underwent patch testing, patients with ACD, and patients with ACD to cosmetics.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean prevalence of ACD to cosmetics was 11.6% in patients referred for patch testing. This increased from 9.8% during the first period to 13.9% in the second period, with a peak value of 18.9% in 2013 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). The frequency of cosmetics as the cause of ACD increased from 33.1% during the first period to 50.8% during the second period.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As for the epidemiologic profile, 75.9% of patients were women. Female sex was significantly associated with development of ACD to cosmetics. Men scarcely accounted for one-quarter of cases, although a slight increase was observed in the second period. The mean age of patients with ACD to cosmetics was 41.8 years. Atopy was also recorded in 11.7% of patients. The result of the chi-square test (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.001) confirmed the inverse relationship between ACD to cosmetics and atopy: only 4.5% of all atopic patients were allergic to cosmetics, whereas 14.7% of those with no history of atopy had ACD to cosmetics. The occupations most closely associated with ACD to cosmetics were homemaker (28.8%), student (10.7%), and administrative worker (10.2%). Grouping by academic qualifications revealed a statistically significant association between low-grade professional qualifications and ACD to cosmetics (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.001, chi-square).</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean time from onset of symptoms (eczema in 99% of cases) to diagnosis of ACD to cosmetics was 17.2 months. The most common initial diagnosis was ACD (89.9%). The most frequent site of dermatitis was the face (35.5%), followed by the hands (32.8%) and the neck (21.5%). The MOAHLFA index of patients with ACD to cosmetics is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The definitive diagnosis was ACD in 608 patients (96.8%) and photoallergic contact dermatitis in 20 patients (3.2%).</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The condition presented mainly as nonoccupational (consumer) dermatitis (91.2%), whereas in 55 cases (8.8%) the patient became sensitized in the workplace. Of note, the number of cases of occupational dermatitis detected during the second period was almost double that of the first period (11% vs 6%). This increase was statistically significant. Hairdressers were the profession most frequently affected in the first period of the study (paraphenylenediamine [PPDA]) and beauticians in the second (acrylates).</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The products most frequently associated with ACD are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We analyzed a total of 1115 positive patches. The mean number of positive patches per patient increased from 1.5 in the first period to 2.0 in the second. More than half of the positive cases (51.8%) were diagnosed using the standard series. The additional series that yielded the highest number of positive results were fragrances, acrylates, and preservatives. Relevance was considered present in most cases (99%). Cases of unknown relevance (fragrances) or past relevance (PPDA) were exceptional.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We identified 92 allergens causing ACD to cosmetics. The 20 most common positive allergens are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>. The most common allergens are shown by category in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0015">Figures 3–5</a>. Of note, the allergen remained unidentified in as few as 3.3% of cases, and the only test that made it possible to establish a diagnosis was patch testing with the patient's own products.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Preservatives were the most frequent cause of ACD to cosmetics (227 patients), growing from 2.2% in 1996 to 12.8% in 2013, mainly owing to the increase in cases of ACD to Kathon (172 patients), whose incidence increased 6-fold (1.7% in 1996 and 11.0% in 2013) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">Fig. 6</a>). Also noteworthy is the high frequency of positive results to methylisothiazolinone, which has been patch tested alone at 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ppm since 2012 (incidence of sensitization, 3.5% in 2012 and 8.8% in 2013); in up to 13.8% of cases, positive results to methylisothiazolinone alone were not accompanied by positive results to Kathon.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the fact that euxyl K400 was the second most frequent cause of preservative-induced ACD, with a peak incidence during the years immediately following 2000 (incidence of sensitization of 2% and accounting for 15% of all causes of ACD to cosmetics), cases of ACD to euxyl decreased considerably during the second half of 2000, with no reports of cases since 2008.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers were the third most common cause of preservative-induced ACD, although their incidence has remained at <1%. The most frequent formaldehyde releaser was quaternium 15, followed by diazolidinyl urea, bronopol, and imidazolidinyl urea.</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The incidence of ACD to parabens was remarkably low (0.2%) throughout the study period and in each period.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fragrances were the second most common cause of ACD to cosmetics (149 patients, 23.7%). An upward trend was observed with an increase in incidence during the second period from 6.7% to 13.7%. The most common marker was fragrance mix 1, whose incidence increased from 1.4% in 1996 to 4.8% in 2013. The frequency of positive reactions to the individual fragrances was 91.1%. The most common fragrances (in decreasing order) were isoeugenol, oakmoss, geraniol, eugenol, and cinnamic alcohol. Balsam of Peru affected very few patients (17 patients). However, we recorded a notably high incidence of positive results to the new markers in the Spanish standard series, for example, fragrance mix 2 (21 patients; 50% of all positive results for individual allergens, 80% to lyral) and lyral (15 patients).</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PPDA was the third most frequent cause of ACD to cosmetics (135 patients [21.5%]) with an upward trend (increase in incidence from 2.0% to 3.2% in the second period). Depending on the source of sensitization, we identified 2 epidemiological profiles:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hair dyes (82%). Hair dyes mainly affected women (91%) with a mean age of 39.3 years, causing dermatitis on the head and neck. In occupational cases (15.9%), the mean age was 30.0 years (10 years earlier than nonoccupational cases), and the condition manifested as hand eczema.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Henna tattoos (18%). No female predominance was observed for henna tattoos (in fact, 54% of patients were men), the mean age was lower (15.4 years [range, 4-29]), and dermatitis was located on the limbs and trunk.</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acrylates were the fourth most frequent cause of ACD to cosmetics (40 patients). Of note, most (88%) were diagnosed during the second period of the study. The most frequent manifestation was dermatitis on the fingertips in beauticians (67.5% were occupational), which was associated with contact with porcelain nails, gel nails, and semipermanent nail polish. The most common acrylates were hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and hydroxyethyl acrylate (75% of patients sensitized to acrylates had positive results for all 4 allergens).</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Other less common allergens (incidence of <1% in patients referred for patch testing) included the following:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antioxidants, essentially gallates (propyl gallate being the most frequent), which were the fifth most common cause of ACD to cosmetics (34 patients) and were associated with lipstick-induced cheilitis.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nail care cosmetic allergens, essentially toluene sulfonamide formaldehyde resin, which was the sixth most common cause (31 patients), with 80% of cases identified during the first period. This allergen was associated with eyelid eczema caused by contact with nail polish.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sunscreens were the seventh most common cause of ACD to cosmetics (23 patients). A growing trend was observed in recent years, with twice as many cases during the second period of the study. Oxybenzone was the most frequent allergen (9 patients), although octocrylene was an emerging allergen in the second period (7 patients), and methoxydibenzoylmethane was the third most frequent. The main manifestation was photoallergic contact dermatitis (87%). ACD (3%) was caused mainly by octocrylene. Despite the fact that sunscreens were the most common source of sensitization (89%), the frequency of lipstick and moisturizing cream was also remarkable (7% and 4%, respectively).</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Discussion</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 11.6% prevalence of ACD to cosmetics in patients referred for patch testing in our study is similar to values published in the Spanish medical literature, namely, 9%-11%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6–9</span></a> Furthermore, and in line with more recent studies, we detected an upward trend, which in recent years reached values of up to 15% and 20%,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5,10</span></a> similar to the 18.9% we reported in 2013. Today, cosmetics are responsible for more than half of all cases of ACD.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In epidemiological terms, we agree with previous findings that female sex is a risk factor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> and that ACD to cosmetics mainly affects middle-aged adults (40 years),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> who generally have no history of atopy and whose occupations have low academic requirements.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The condition manifests as eczema on the face, neck, eyelids, and hands.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,11,13</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Preservatives, fragrances, and PPDA are responsible for up to 80% of all allergies to cosmetics, and this trend has remained stable during the last few decades.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With respect to preservatives, it is noteworthy that methylchloroisothiazoline/methylisothiazolinone has been the most common cause of ACD to cosmetics since the 1990s,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> despite regulatory measures restricting concentrations to 7.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ppm and 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ppm in leave-on and rinse-off products<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> and the fact that authorization of high-concentration methylisothiazolinone alone (up to 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ppm) has triggered a veritable epidemic of ACD to Kathon, reaching values greater than 10% and thus triggering health care alarms about the need to regulate it.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The regulation applying to euxyl k400<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> in particular has relegated this allergen to the second most common preservative, as its incidence fell and disappeared since it was prohibited in 2008.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consequently, formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers are the most relevant preservatives after the isothiazolinones, although the incidence of ACD to these allergens is low (<1%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15,19</span></a></p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Particularly low—even exceptional—is ACD to parabens<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15,20</span></a>: we detected ACD in only 11 of the 5419 patients tested.</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As for fragrances, incidence is noteworthy in the general population (1.7%-4.1%) and in patients referred for testing (up to 13.6%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,21,22</span></a> The ubiquity of parabens is also remarkable, as they are the main sources of sensitization in cosmetics that are not heavily perfumed, such as gel and moisturizing cream.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Furthermore, the incorporation of new markers in the standard series (eg, fragrance mix 2 and lyral) and in the individual fragrance series facilitates both diagnosis of ACD to fragrances and secondary prevention.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PPDA is the third most common cause of ACD to cosmetics, and the high prevalence of sensitization to this allergen (women, 4.1%; men, 2.3%) is growing.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Black henna tattoos are a public health problem, and hairdressers are an at-risk occupational group, with an incidence of dermatitis of more than 50%, of which 80% of cases are ACD.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Also remarkable is the high rate of positive results we detected for the hairdresser series (56%), which coincides with some studies, such as that by Sosted et al. (62%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Consequently, there is a need to include black henna in the diagnostic workup for intolerance to dyes, since these can contain more than 200 allergens, of which up to 75% are potent sensitizers.</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cosmetic nail products are the fourth most common cause of ACD after gels, moisturizing cream, and hair products and are becoming more frequent with the boom in nail salon services.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Although toluene sulfonamide formaldehyde resin has traditionally been the allergen associated with eyelid eczema caused by nail varnish, it has recently been overtaken by acrylates (components in modern nail sculpting techniques) and emerging allergens that generally cause fingertip dermatitis in beauticians.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Skin allergy to sunscreens continues to be very rare despite the widespread use of these products and their incorporation in many cosmetic products. Benzophenone 3 is clearly the most common allergen,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> although octocrylene is an emerging allergen, for which an association with ACD caused by primary sensitization to children's sunscreen has been reported.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a></p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, we would like to draw attention to the high and growing prevalence of ACD to cosmetics in our setting, the usefulness of testing with the patient's own products despite the high yield of the standard series, and the need for a more professional approach to patients with suspected ACD involving a workup in the skin allergy clinic.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Ethical Disclosures</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Protection of humans and animals</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no tests were carried out in humans or animals for the purpose of this study.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no private patient data appear in this article.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors obtained informed consent from the patients and/or subjects referred to in this article. This document is held by the corresponding author.</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres631813" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec644605" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres631812" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec644604" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and Methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Ethical Disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Protection of humans and animals" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2015-11-10" "fechaAceptado" => "2015-12-20" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec644605" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Allergic contact dermatitis" 1 => "Cosmetics" 2 => "Kathon CG" 3 => "Fragrances" 4 => "Paraphenylenediamine" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec644604" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Dermatitis alérgica de contacto" 1 => "Cosméticos" 2 => "Kathon CG" 3 => "Fragancias" 4 => "Parafenilendiamina" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The incidence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to cosmetics in the general population is rising with the increasing use of cosmetic products and their proliferation and diversification. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of ACD to cosmetics in our setting, analyze changes over time, describe the clinical and epidemiological features of this allergic reaction, and identify the allergens and cosmetics involved. We performed a prospective study at the skin allergy unit in Hospital General Universitario de Valencia in Spain between 2005 and 2013 and compared our findings with data collected retrospectively for the period 1996 to 2004. The 5419 patients who underwent patch testing during these 2 periods were included in the study. The mean prevalence of ACD to cosmetics increased from 9.8% in the first period (1996-2004) to 13.9% in the second period (2005-2013). A significant correlation was found between ACD to cosmetics and female sex but not atopy. Kathon CG (blend of methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone), fragrances, and paraphenylenediamine were the most common causes of ACD to cosmetics during both study periods, and acrylates and sunscreens were identified as emerging allergens during the second period.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La dermatitis alérgica de contacto (DAC) a cosméticos es una dolencia con una incidencia creciente en la población, paralelamente a la generalización del uso de cosméticos en la sociedad, así como a su proliferación y diversificación.</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo del estudio es determinar la prevalencia de DAC a cosméticos en nuestro medio, analizar su evolución temporal y sus características clínico-epidemiológicas, así como definir los alérgenos y los cosméticos implicados.</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo durante los años 2005-2013 en la Unidad de Alergia Cutánea del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, y se ha comparado de forma retrospectiva con el periodo previo de 1996-2004.</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha incluido a 5.419 pacientes estudiados con pruebas epicutáneas durante el periodo total del estudio. La prevalencia media de DAC a cosméticos ha aumentado de 9,8% en el periodo 1996-2004 a 13,9% en el periodo 2005-2013. La DAC a cosméticos se ha correlacionado con el sexo femenino, pero no con la atopia. El kathon CG (mezcla de metilcloroisotiazolinona y metilisotiazolinona), las fragancias y la parafenilendiamina (PPDA) se han mantenido como las causas más frecuentes, aunque en los últimos años los acrilatos y los filtros solares han sido alérgenos emergentes.</p></span>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as: Zaragoza-Ninet V, Blasco Encinas R, Vilata-Corell JJ, Pérez-Ferriols A, Sierra-Talamantes C, Esteve-Martínez A, et al. Dermatitis alérgica de contacto a cosméticos, estudio clínico-epidemiológico en un hospital terciario. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2016;107:329–336.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:9 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1002 "Ancho" => 1670 "Tamanyo" => 143415 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Incidence of ACD to cosmetics.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1627 "Ancho" => 1670 "Tamanyo" => 176212 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cosmetics responsible for ACD to cosmetics.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1741 "Ancho" => 2424 "Tamanyo" => 221641 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Allergens causing ACD to cosmetics throughout the study period (1996-2013).</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1603 "Ancho" => 2347 "Tamanyo" => 207957 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Allergens causing ACD to cosmetics during the first period (1996-2004).</p>" ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0025" "etiqueta" => "Figure 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg" "Alto" => 1741 "Ancho" => 2424 "Tamanyo" => 221645 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Allergens causing ACD to cosmetics during the second period (2005-2013).</p>" ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0030" "etiqueta" => "Figure 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg" "Alto" => 1053 "Ancho" => 1670 "Tamanyo" => 138780 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Incidence of ACD to cosmetics caused by sensitization to Kathon (1996-2013).</p>" ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviation: ADC, allergic contact dermatitis.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">First Period<br>(1996-2004) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Second Period<br>(2005-2013) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Patients who underwent patch testing \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3067 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2352 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5419 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Patients with ACD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">911 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">641 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1552 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Patients with ACD to cosmetics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">302 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">326 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">628 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1036560.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Total Number of Patients Included in the Study, Total Number of Patients with ACD, and Total Number of Patients With ACD to Cosmetics.</p>" ] ] 7 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviation: ACD, allergic contact dermatitis.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MOAHLFA Index of Patients With ACD to Cosmetics, 1996-2013 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients Who Underwent Patch Testing, N<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5419 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients With ACD to Cosmetics, N<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>628 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Men \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2007 (37.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">151 (24.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Occupational dermatitis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">487 (9.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55 (8.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Atopic dermatitis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1143 (21.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">74 (11.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hand eczema \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2336 (43.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">174 (27.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Leg eczema \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">658 (12.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34 (5.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Face eczema \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1247 (23.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">223 (35.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age >40 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3536 (65.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">343 (54.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1036561.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">MOAHLFA is the acronym for male, occupational dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, hand dermatitis, leg dermatitis, face dermatitis, and age ><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40 years.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">MOAHLFA Index<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></p>" ] ] 8 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviation: IPPD; N-isopropyl N-phenyl-4-phenylenediamine</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Allergens Identified in the Study \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Number of Positive Patch Results \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Amerchol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Aminodiphenylamine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aminoazobenzene \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3-Aminophenol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">4-Aminophenol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Aminophenol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ammonium persulfate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Balsam of Peru \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Benzyl alcohol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Benzyl cinnamate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Benzyl salicylate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Bronopol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Bulgarian rose oil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Butanediol dimethacrylate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Butyl acrylate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Butylphenol-formaldehyde resin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Butyl paraben \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cinnamic alcohol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cinnamic aldehyde \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Citral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Citronellal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Chloroacetamide \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cocamidopropyl betaine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Colophony \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diazolidinyl urea \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Disperse blue 85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ethylhexyl salicylate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Eugenol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Eusolex 6300 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Euxyl K400 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Farnesol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formaldehyde \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fragrance mix 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">122 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fragrance mix 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Geraniol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Glycidyl methacrylate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Grotan BK \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hexane diacrylate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hydroxycitronellal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hydroxyethyl acrylate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hydroxyethyl methacrylate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hydroxypropyl methacrylate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Imidazolidinyl urea \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IPPD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Isoamyl methoxycinnamate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Isoeugenol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Jasmine oil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kathon CG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">172 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kojic acid \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lauryl sulfate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lemon oil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Limonene \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lyral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Methyl methacrylate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Methylisothiazolinone \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Methyldibromo glutaronitrile \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Methylparaben \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Minoxidil \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Musk ambrette \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Neroli essence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nitrocellulose \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nickel \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">o</span>-Nitro-PPDA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Oakmoss \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Octyl gallate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Octocrylene \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Oxybenzone \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Parabens \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Paraphenylenediamine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">138 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Parsol 1789 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Parsol MCX 7.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PEG-5 soya sterol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Phenoxyethanol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Propylene glycol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Propyl gallate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Propylparaben \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Propolis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Quaternium 15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Quinine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Rosehip \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sorbitan sesquioleate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Spearmint essence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Stearyl alcohol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Toluenediamine sulfate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Toluene sulfonamide formaldehyde resin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Triethyl dimethacrylate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Triclosan \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tween 80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2024 Octubre | 90 | 37 | 127 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 96 | 28 | 124 |
| 2024 Agosto | 120 | 70 | 190 |
| 2024 Julio | 100 | 36 | 136 |
| 2024 Junio | 126 | 53 | 179 |
| 2024 Mayo | 89 | 32 | 121 |
| 2024 Abril | 114 | 51 | 165 |
| 2024 Marzo | 123 | 30 | 153 |
| 2024 Febrero | 101 | 39 | 140 |
| 2024 Enero | 102 | 30 | 132 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 83 | 27 | 110 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 86 | 41 | 127 |
| 2023 Octubre | 123 | 58 | 181 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 91 | 48 | 139 |
| 2023 Agosto | 79 | 25 | 104 |
| 2023 Julio | 101 | 45 | 146 |
| 2023 Junio | 71 | 30 | 101 |
| 2023 Mayo | 94 | 27 | 121 |
| 2023 Abril | 86 | 40 | 126 |
| 2023 Marzo | 127 | 50 | 177 |
| 2023 Febrero | 88 | 23 | 111 |
| 2023 Enero | 57 | 29 | 86 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 73 | 37 | 110 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 57 | 42 | 99 |
| 2022 Octubre | 70 | 34 | 104 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 46 | 30 | 76 |
| 2022 Agosto | 57 | 53 | 110 |
| 2022 Julio | 40 | 33 | 73 |
| 2022 Junio | 39 | 28 | 67 |
| 2022 Mayo | 65 | 39 | 104 |
| 2022 Abril | 56 | 33 | 89 |
| 2022 Marzo | 53 | 46 | 99 |
| 2022 Febrero | 51 | 34 | 85 |
| 2022 Enero | 53 | 64 | 117 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 68 | 38 | 106 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 78 | 43 | 121 |
| 2021 Octubre | 64 | 55 | 119 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 68 | 58 | 126 |
| 2021 Agosto | 53 | 40 | 93 |
| 2021 Julio | 43 | 37 | 80 |
| 2021 Junio | 34 | 35 | 69 |
| 2021 Mayo | 39 | 55 | 94 |
| 2021 Abril | 136 | 77 | 213 |
| 2021 Marzo | 94 | 33 | 127 |
| 2021 Febrero | 87 | 48 | 135 |
| 2021 Enero | 78 | 26 | 104 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 46 | 30 | 76 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 37 | 36 | 73 |
| 2020 Octubre | 22 | 19 | 41 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 62 | 23 | 85 |
| 2020 Agosto | 40 | 13 | 53 |
| 2020 Julio | 35 | 15 | 50 |
| 2020 Junio | 52 | 42 | 94 |
| 2020 Mayo | 40 | 17 | 57 |
| 2020 Abril | 39 | 20 | 59 |
| 2020 Marzo | 53 | 23 | 76 |
| 2020 Febrero | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2020 Enero | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Agosto | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2019 Julio | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Junio | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 Mayo | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2019 Abril | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2019 Marzo | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2019 Febrero | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2019 Enero | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 Octubre | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 Febrero | 28 | 5 | 33 |
| 2018 Enero | 45 | 17 | 62 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 36 | 4 | 40 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 45 | 16 | 61 |
| 2017 Octubre | 23 | 6 | 29 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 19 | 5 | 24 |
| 2017 Agosto | 28 | 8 | 36 |
| 2017 Julio | 28 | 10 | 38 |
| 2017 Junio | 45 | 15 | 60 |
| 2017 Mayo | 21 | 11 | 32 |
| 2017 Abril | 22 | 3 | 25 |
| 2017 Marzo | 14 | 3 | 17 |
| 2017 Febrero | 26 | 6 | 32 |
| 2017 Enero | 22 | 12 | 34 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 31 | 22 | 53 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 30 | 22 | 52 |
| 2016 Octubre | 32 | 35 | 67 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2016 Agosto | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2016 Julio | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2016 Mayo | 0 | 22 | 22 |
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